备考2025届高考英语一轮复习课时提能第一部分过透教材Unit5Learningfromnature外研版选择性必修第三册

Unit5Learningfromnature一、阅读理解A[2024贵州贵阳摸底]Dandelion（蒲公英）seedscantravelformilesbeforefinallyfloatingdownandsettlingsomewherenew.Researchersrecentlydiscoveredhowtheplantsdecidetospread."Wenoticedthatthedandelionparachute（着陆伞）isclosedinfoggymorningsbutthenopenagainwhenthesunisupduringtheday，"accordingtoNaomiNakayama，aresearcherofbioengineering."Thedandelionusesabunchofhairstoimproveairdragandaiditsflight.Unlikeinsectsorbirds，theydon’tneedanyenergyinputtoflyalongdistance—evenhundredsofkilometers—theysimplycatchthewind."Researchersdiscoveredtheparachutesopenandcloseusingwhattheysayislikeanactuator（触动器），adevicethatchangesenergyandsignalsintomovement.Butthisactuatordoesn’tuseanyenergy.Themiddleofthedandelion’sparachuteisabletosensetheamountofhumidity（湿度）byabsorbingwatermolecules（分子）intheair.Usingsignalsabouthumidityinformation，theyeitheropentheirparachutesandflyoffortheyclosethemandstaywheretheyare."Thecenteroftheparachutechangesitsshape，movingthehairsaltogetherinunison（一起），"Nakayamasays."It’sbasicallyaspongemadeofno-longerlivingplantcells，whicharearrangedinatubeemptyinside.Theinnersideandtheoutersideswellwithwatertodifferentdegrees，andthatdrivesthemovement."Knowingwhatcausesdandelionstospreadtheirseedscouldhelpscientistslearnhowtheydealwithclimatechange.Theysayunderstandingtheresponsecouldhelpresearchersdesignnewsoftrobots，whicharethosemadefromflexiblematerialsthatimitatesoftbodies."Howplantsmovetheirbodypartsaredifferentfromanimalsandasimple，localizedexpansioncouldbeenoughtomovearms，"Nakayamasays."Movementofafewarmshasbeenachieved，butthisisthefirstofmanyarmactuators.Itissimpleindesign，sothereisalotofspaceforbiomimicry（仿生学）."本文主要介绍了蒲公英种子传播的原理以及该原理对仿生学的帮助。1.Whatmakesthedandelionfly？A.Energy. B.Wind.C.Fog. D.Parachute.解析B微小环节理解题。由常识和第一段中的"Unlikeinsectsorbirds，theydon’tneedanyenergyinputtoflyalongdistance—evenhundredsofkilometers—theysimplycatchthewind"可知，蒲公英依靠风力翱翔，故本题选B。2.Howdothedandelionparachutesdecidetoworkfromthesecondparagraph？A.Byspreadingtheirseeds.B.Bychangingenergyintomovement.C.Byfeelinghumidityinformation.D.Bystayingwheretheyare.解析C微小环节理解题。由其次段中的"Usingsignalsabouthumidityinformation，theyeitheropentheirparachutesandflyoffortheyclosethemandstaywheretheyare"可知，通过运用与湿度信息有关的信号，蒲公英可以确定自己的行动，故本题选C。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph？A.Scientistsmakearobotoutofdandelions.B.Plantsmovejustlikeanimals.C.Dandelionsmovewitharms.D.Plantscaninspirebiomimicry.解析D推理推断题。由最终一段中的"Theysayunderstandingtheresponsecouldhelpresearchersdesignnewsoftrobots，whicharethosemadefromflexiblematerialsthatimitatesoftbodies"和"Itissimpleindesign，sothereisalotofspaceforbiomimicry（仿生学）"可推知，本题选D。4.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage？A.ObservingDandelionsB.DandelionsandClimateChangeC.MakingSoftRobotsD.DandelionsandBiomimicry解析D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文前三段揭秘了蒲公英传播种子的原理，最终一段介绍了蒲公英传播种子的方式对仿生学的帮助，故D项做文章标题最佳。B[2024广东南粤名校联考]WhenSarahLeewasachild，shelovedtowatchthebirdsinherbackyardandwonderedhowtheycouldflysoeffortlessly.Asshegrewolder，Sarahbecameinterestedinthesciencebehindflight，soshedecidedtostudyaerospaceengineeringincollege.Aftergraduation，Sarahbeganworkingforacompanythatdesignedairplanes.However，shesoonrealizedthatthetraditionalmethodsofairplanedesignwerenotalwaysefficientorsustainable.Shebegantowonderiftherewasawaytodesignairplanesthatmimickedthenaturalworld.Sarahstartedtostudybirdsandinsects，observinghowtheywereabletoflywithsuchgraceandefficiency.Sheaskedquestionslike：Howdobirdsadjusttheirwingstodifferentwindconditions？Howdoinsectsusetheirwingstohoverinplace？Withthisknowledge，Sarahbegantodesignairplanesthatincorporatedbiomimicry，ortheimitationofnature.Shecreatedwingsthatcouldadjusttheirshapebasedonwindconditions，justlikeabird’swings.Shealsodesignedplanesthatcouldhoverinplace，likeadragonfly.Sarah’sdesignswereahit.Hercompanybegantoproduceairplanesthatweremoreefficientandsustainablethaneverbefore.Theyusedlessfuelandemittedfewerpollutantsintotheair.Sarahnowtravelsaroundtheworld，givingtalksonthebenefitsofbiomimicryinengineering."Naturehasbeensolvingproblemsformillionsofyears，"shesays."Wecanlearnalotfromthenaturalworldifwejusttakethetimetoobserveandaskquestions."从小对飞行背后的科学感爱好的Sarah在高校学习了航空航天工程。在从业后她通过探讨仿生学设计出了高效的飞机。1.WhatmadeSarahLeechoosetomajorinaerospaceengineering？A.Herfascinationwithairplanes.B.Herinterestinflightscience.C.Herchildhooddreamofbecomingapilot.D.Herloveforwatchingbirdsinherbackyard.解析B微小环节理解题。由第一段中的"Asshegrewolder，Sarahbecameinterestedinthesciencebehindflight，soshedecidedtostudyaerospaceengineeringincollege"可知，本题选B项。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mimicked"inparagraph2probablymean？A.Violated. B.Imitated.C.Resembled. D.Pretended.解析B词义揣测题。由第四段中的"Withthisknowledge，Sarahbegantodesignairplanesthatincorporatedbiomimicry，ortheimitationofnature"可推知，mimicked与句中的imitation意义相通，故选B项。3.WhatisoneexampleofbiomimicryinSarah’sairplanedesigns？A.Wingsthatadjusttheirshapebasedonwindconditions.B.Enginesthatrunonrenewableenergysources.C.Cockpitsthatmimicthestructureofabird’snest.D.Landingdevicesthatresembleinsectlegs.解析A微小环节理解题。由第四段中的"Shecreatedwingsthatcouldadjusttheirshapebasedonwindconditions，justlikeabird’swings"可知，本题选A项。4.WhatcanwelearnabouttheairplanesdesignedbySarahLeefromthetext？A.Theywerenotthatpopularasexpectedatfirst.B.Theyranonsustainableenergycompletely.C.Theycouldholdmuchmorepassengersthanformerairplanes.D.Theycausedlesspollutiontotheenvironmentthanformerairplanes.解析D微小环节理解题。由第五段中的"Theyusedlessfuelandemittedfewerpollutantsintotheair"可知，本题选D项。C[2024辽宁沈阳市郊联体考试]Thereisnolackofexcellentflyingbuilders—suchasbees—innature.Tobuildanest，theseinsectsteamuptocollecttheneededmaterialsandfollowthespecificationofacomplexdesignthatendsupbeingmanytimestheirsize.Thisbuildingprocesstakesmonths，evenlongerthantheiraveragelifespan，duringwhichtheinsectsmustadjustastheygo.Inspiredbytheseinsectbuildingteams，MirkoKovac，aroboticist，developedawaytoimprove3Dprintingfortheconstructionindustry.Atypical3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle（喷嘴），andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.Besides，3Dconstructionroboticscurrentlyfocusesmostlyonground-basedrobots.Andlarge-scalesystemsthatneedtobeconnectedtoapowersupplyarelimitedinplaceswheretheycanbelaidout.DrKovac’steamhasremovedtheselimitationsbygivingtheprinternozzlewings.DrKovacdescribesasystemofflyingrobotsthatiscomposedoftwotypesofdrones：BuilDronesandScanDrones.First，abuilderfliesoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetofthebuildingmaterial.Oncethebuilderrobothassprayedalayerofmaterial，thescannerrobotfliesoverandinspectstheprogress.Thescannerthencalculatesthenextlayerthatthebuildershouldmake，whilealsocorrectinganyerrorsthatmighthavebeendiscoveredinwhathasalreadybeenbuilt.Atthispoint，peoplecanalsostepintheprocesswhennecessary.Theresearcherstestedthesystem’scapabilitiesbybuildingbothalargecylinder（圆柱体）（72layersand2meterstall）madeofalightweightmaterial，andasmallone（28layers，18cm）madeofahigh-densitymixture.Thetaskswerenotsimple.Makingcirclesontopofothercircleswouldnothaveworked，becausetheperfectalignmentrequiredwouldhavebeenimpracticaltoachieve.Asaresult，DrKovac’srobotspassedthetestwithflyingcolors—thecylinderswerebuilttowithin5mmofthewidthandheightoftheplannedstructures，whichisofsufficientquality，asfarasBritishbuildingrequirementsareconcerned.Becausetheflyingrobotscan，intheory，operateanywhere，theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwiseinaccessibleplaces.本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发建立机器人的过程以及该机器人潜在的应用。1.Whatisthedisadvantageofconventional3Dconstructionrobots？A.Theylackflexibility.B.They’reelectricity-consuming.C.They’rehardtosetupandoperate.D.Theymakenozzlessubjecttowearandtear.解析A推理推断题。由其次段中的"Atypical3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle（喷嘴），andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.Besides，3Dconstructionroboticscurrentlyfocusesmostlyonground-basedrobots.Andlarge-scalesystemsthatneedtobeconnectedtoapowersupplyarelimitedinplaceswheretheycanbelaidout"可知，本题选A。2.WhatareScanDronesresponsiblefor？A.Spreadingbuildingmaterialslayerbylayer.B.Monitoringthebuildingprocessinrealtime.C.Warninghumanoperatorsofpotentialerrors.D.SupplyingBuilDroneswithbuildingmaterials.解析B微小环节理解题。由第四段中的"Oncethebuilderrobothassprayedalayerofmaterial，thescannerrobotfliesoverandinspectstheprogress"可知，ScanDrones负责实时监控建筑过程，故选B。3.Howdidtheresearchersfindtheirinnovation？A.Confusing. B.Immature.C.Tolerable. D.Impressive.解析D推理推断题。由倒数其次段中的"Thetaskswerenotsimple.Makingcirclesontopofothercircleswouldnothaveworked，becausetheperfectalignmentrequiredwouldhavebeenimpracticaltoachieve.Asaresult，DrKovac’srobotspassedthetestwithflyingcolors—thecylinderswerebuilttowithin5mmofthewidthandheightoftheplannedstructures，whichisofsufficientquality，asfarasBritishbuildingrequirementsareconcerned"可知，本题选D。4.Whatmighttheauthortalkaboutinthefollowingparagraphs？A.Theessentialmaintenanceofthesystem.B.Ecologicalchallengesoflightweightmaterials.C.Potentialapplicationsofthenewconstructionrobots.D.Thesystem’slong-termimpactonhumanconstructors.解析C推理推断题。由倒数第一段"Becausetheflyingrobotscan，intheory，operateanywhere，theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwiseinaccessibleplaces"可知，最终一段阐述了理论上这种机器人所能做到的，由此推断接下来作者有可能探讨新型机器人的潜在的应用，故选C。三、语法填空[2024河南二十名校调研]WuQinXicanberegardedasthe1（early）formofMedicalQigonginChinesehistory，datingbacktotheEasternHanDynasty.The2（create）ofWuQinXiwascreditedtothefamousChinesephysicianHuaTuo3hadgreatskillsasasurgeon，acupuncturist（针灸师）andherbalist.WuQinXiis4setofDaoyin（deepstretching）andTuNa（deepbreathing）exercisethatimitates（仿照）theactionsofanimals，5（base）onthehabitsofthetiger，deer，bear，monkeyandbird.It6（practice