TED英文演讲稿：内向性格的力量

Word文档TED英文演讲稿：内向性格的力量wheniwasnineyearsoldiwentofftosummercampforthefirsttime.andmymotherpackedmeasuitcasefullofbooks,whichtomeseemedlikeaperfectlynaturalthingtodo.becauseinmyfamily,readingwastheprimarygroupactivity.andthismightsoundantisocialtoyou,butforusitwasreallyjustadifferentwayofbeingsocial.youhavetheanimalwarmthofyourfamilysittingrightnexttoyou,butyouarealsofreetogoroamingaroundtheadventurelandinsideyourownmind.andihadthisideathatcampwasgoingtobejustlikethis,butbetter.(laughter)ihadavisionof10girlssittinginacabincozilyreadingbooksintheirmatchingnightgowns.

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campwasmorelikeakegpartywithoutanyalcohol.andontheveryfirstdayourcounselorgatheredusalltogetherandshetaughtusacheerthatshesaidwewouldbedoingeverydayfortherestofthesummertoinstillcampspirit.anditwentlikethis:r-o-w-d-i-e,thatsthewaywespellrowdie.rowdie,rowdie,letsgetrowdie.yeah.soicouldntfigureoutforthelifeofmewhyweweresupposedtobesorowdy,orwhywehadtospellthiswordincorrectly.(laughter)butirecitedacheer.irecitedacheeralongwitheverybodyelse.ididmybest.andijustwaitedforthetimethaticouldgooffandreadmybooks.

butthefirsttimethatitookmybookoutofmysuitcase,thecoolestgirlinthebunkcameuptomeandsheaskedme,whyareyoubeingsomellow?--mellow,ofcourse,beingtheexactoppositeofr-o-w-d-i-e.andthenthesecondtimeitriedit,thecounselorcameuptomewithaconcernedexpressiononherfaceandsherepeatedthepointaboutcampspiritandsaidweshouldallworkveryhardtobeoutgoing.

andsoiputmybooksaway,backintheirsuitcase,andiputthemundermybed,andtheretheystayedfortherestofthesummer.andifeltkindofguiltyaboutthis.ifeltasifthebooksneededmesomehow,andtheywerecallingouttomeandiwasforsakingthem.butididforsakethemandididntopenthatsuitcaseagainuntiliwasbackhomewithmyfamilyattheendofthesummer.

now,itellyouthisstoryaboutsummercamp.icouldhavetoldyou50othersjustlikeit--allthetimesthatigotthemessagethatsomehowmyquietandintrovertedstyleofbeingwasnotnecessarilytherightwaytogo,thatishouldbetryingtopassasmoreofanextrovert.andialwayssenseddeepdownthatthiswaswrongandthatintrovertswereprettyexcellentjustastheywere.butforyearsideniedthisintuition,andsoibecameawallstreetlawyer,ofallthings,insteadofthewriterthatihadalwayslongedtobe--partlybecauseineededtoprovetomyselfthaticouldbeboldandassertivetoo.andiwasalwaysgoingofftocrowdedbarswhenireallywouldhavepreferredtojusthaveanicedinnerwithfriends.andimadetheseself-negatingchoicessoreflexively,thatiwasntevenawarethatiwasmakingthem.

nowthisiswhatmanyintrovertsdo,anditsourlossforsure,butitisalsoourcolleagueslossandourcommunitiesloss.andattheriskofsoundinggrandiose,itistheworldsloss.becausewhenitcomestocreativityandtoleadership,weneedintrovertsdoingwhattheydobest.athirdtoahalfofthepopulationareintroverts--athirdtoahalf.sothatsoneoutofeverytwoorthreepeopleyouknow.soevenifyoureanextrovertyourself,imtalkingaboutyourcoworkersandyourspousesandyourchildrenandthepersonsittingnexttoyourightnow--allofthemsubjecttothisbiasthatisprettydeepandrealinoursociety.weallinternalizeitfromaveryearlyagewithoutevenhavingalanguageforwhatweredoing.

roversionismoreabout,howdoyourespondtostimulation,includingsocialstimulation.soextrovertsreallycravelargeamountsofstimulation,whereasintrovertsfeelattheirmostaliveandtheirmostswitched-onandtheirmostcapablewhentheyreinquieter,morelow-keyenvironments.notallthetime--thesethingsarentabsolute--butalotofthetime.sothekeythentomaximizingourtalentsisforusalltoputourselvesinthezoneofstimulationthatisrightforus.

butnowhereswherethebiascomesin.ourmostimportantinstitutions,ourschoolsandourworkplaces,theyaredesignedmostlyforextrovertsandforextrovertsneedforlotsofstimulation.andalsowehavethisbeliefsystemrightnowthaticallthenewgroupthink,whichholdsthatallcreativityandallproductivitycomesfromaveryoddlygregariousplace.

soifyoupicturethetypicalclassroomnowadays:wheniwasgoingtoschool,wesatinrows.wesatinrowsofdeskslikethis,andwedidmostofourworkprettyautonomously.butnowadays,yourtypicalclassroomhaspodsofdesks--fourorfiveorsixorsevenkidsallfacingeachother.andkidsareworkingincountlessgroupassignments.eveninsubjectslikemathandcreativewriting,whichyouthinkwoulddependonsoloflightsofthought,kidsarenowexpectedtoactascommitteemembers.andforthekidswhoprefertogooffbythemselvesorjusttoworkalone,thosekidsareseenasoutliersoftenor,worse,asproblemcases.andthevastmajorityofteachersreportsbelievingthattheidealstudentisanextrovertasopposedtoanintrovert,eventhoughintrovertsactuallygetbettergradesandaremoreknowledgeable,accordingtoresearch.(laughter)

okay,samethingistrueinourworkplaces.now,mostofusworkinopenplanoffices,withoutwalls,wherewearesubjecttotheconstantnoiseandgazeofourcoworkers.andwhenitcomestoleadership,introvertsareroutinelypassedoverforleadershippositions,eventhoughintrovertstendtobeverycareful,muchlesslikelytotakeoutsizerisks--whichissomethingwemightallfavornowadays.andinterestingresearchbyadamgrantatthewhartonschoolhasfoundthatintrovertedleadersoftendeliverbetteroutcomesthanextrovertsdo,becausewhentheyaremanagingproactiveemployees,theyremuchmorelikelytoletthoseemployeesrunwiththeirideas,whereasanextrovertcan,quiteunwittingly,getsoexcitedaboutthingsthattheyreputtingtheirownstamponthings,andotherpeoplesideasmightnotaseasilythenbubbleuptothesurface.

nowinfact,someofourtransformativeleadersinhistoryhavebeenintroverts.illgiveyousomeexamples.eleanorroosevelt,rosaparks,gandhi--allthesepeopleddescribedthemselvesasquietandsoft-spokenandevenshy.andtheyalltookthespotlight,eventhougheveryboneintheirbodieswastellingthemnotto.andthisturnsouttohaveaspecialpowerallitsown,becausepeoplecouldfeelthattheseleaderswereatthehelm,notbecausetheyenjoyeddirectingothersandnotoutofthepleasureofbeinglookedat;theyweretherebecausetheyhadnochoice,becausetheyweredriventodowhattheythoughtwasright.

nowithinkatthispointitsimportantformetosaythatiactuallyloveextroverts.ialwaysliketosaysomeofmybestfriendsareextroverts,includingmybelovedhusband.andweallfallatdifferentpoints,ofcourse,alongtheintrovert/extrovertspectrum.evencarljung,thepsychologistwhofirstpopularizedtheseterms,saidthattheresnosuchthingasapureintrovertorapureextrovert.hesaidthatsuchamanwouldbeinalunaticasylum,ifheexistedatall.andsomepeoplefallsmackinthemiddleoftheintrovert/extrovertspectrum,andwecallthesepeopleambiverts.andioftenthinkthattheyhavethebestofallworlds.butmanyofusdorecognizeourselvesasonetypeortheother.

andwhatimsayingisthatculturallyweneedamuchbetterbalance.weneedmoreofayinandyangbetweenthesetwotypes.thisisespeciallyimportantwhenitcomestocreativityandtoproductivity,becausewhenpsychologistslookatthelivesofthemostcreativepeople,whattheyfindarepeoplewhoareverygoodatexchangingideasandadvancingideas,butwhoalsohaveaseriousstreakofintroversioninthem.

andthisisbecausesolitudeisacrucialingredientoftentocreativity.sodarwin,hetooklongwalksaloneinthewoodsandemphaticallyturneddowndinnerpartyinvitations.theodorgeisel,betterknownasdr.seuss,hedreamedupmanyofhisamazingcreationsinalonelybelltowerofficethathehadinthebackofhishouseinlajolla,california.andhewasactuallyafraidtomeettheyoungchildrenwhoreadhisbooksforfearthattheywereexpectinghimthiskindofjollysantaclaus-likefigureandwouldbedisappointedwithhismorereservedpersona.stevewozniakinventedthefirstapplecomputersittingaloneinhiscubicalinhewlett-packardwherehewasworkingatthetime.andhesaysthatheneverwouldhavebecomesuchanexpertinthefirstplacehadhenotbeentoointrovertedtoleavethehousewhenhewasgrowingup.

nowofcourse,thisdoesnotmeanthatweshouldallstopcollaborating--andcaseinpoint,isstevewozniakfamouslycomingtogetherwithstevejobstostartapplecomputer--butitdoesmeanthatsolitudemattersandthatforsomepeopleitistheairthattheybreathe.andinfact,wehaveknownforcenturiesaboutthetranscendentpowerofsolitude.itsonlyrecentlythatwevestrangelybeguntoforgetit.ifyoulookatmostoftheworldsmajorreligions,youwillfindseekers--moses,jesus,buddha,muhammad--seekerswhoaregoingoffbythemselvesalonetothewildernesswheretheythenhaveprofoundepiphaniesandrevelationsthattheythenbringbacktotherestofthecommunity.sonowilderness,norevelations.

thisisnosurprisethoughifyoulookattheinsightsofcontemporarypsychology.itturnsoutthatwecantevenbeinagroupofpeoplewithoutinstinctivelymirroring,mimickingtheiropinions.evenaboutseeminglypersonalandvisceralthingslikewhoyoureattractedto,youwillstartapingthebeliefsofthepeoplearoundyouwithoutevenrealizingthatthatswhatyouredoing.

andgroupsfamouslyfollowtheopinionsofthemostdominantorcharismaticpersonintheroom,eventhoughthereszerocorrelationbetweenbeingthebesttalkerandhavingthebestideas--imeanzero.so...(laughter)youmightbefollowingthepersonwiththebestideas,butyoumightnot.anddoyoureallywanttoleaveituptochance?muchbetterforeverybodytogooffbythemselves,generatetheirownideasfreedfromthedistortionsofgroupdynamics,andthencometogetherasateamtotalkthemthroughinawell-managedenvironmentandtakeitfromthere.

nowifallthisistrue,thenwhyarewegettingitsowrong?whyarewesettingupourschoolsthiswayandourworkplaces?andwhyarewemakingtheseintrovertsfeelsoguiltyaboutwantingtojustgooffbythemselvessomeofthetime?oneanswerliesdeepinourculturalhistory.westernsocieties,andinparticulartheu.s.,havealwaysfavoredthemanofactionoverthemanofcontemplationandmanofcontemplation.butinamericasearlydays,welivedinwhathistorianscallacultureofcharacter,wherewestill,atthatpoint,valuedpeoplefortheirinnerselvesandtheirmoralrectitude.andifyoulookattheself-helpbooksfromthisera,theyallhadtitleswiththingslikecharacter,thegrandestthingintheworld.andtheyfeaturedrolemodelslikeabrahamlincolnwhowaspraisedforbeingmodestandunassuming.ralphwaldoemersoncalledhimamanwhodoesnotoffendbysuperiority.

butthenwehitthe20thcenturyandweenteredanewculturethathistorianscallthecultureofpersonality.whathappenediswehadevolvedanagriculturaleconomytoaworldofbigbusiness.andsosuddenlypeoplearemovingfromsmalltownstothecities.andinsteadofworkingalongsidepeopletheyveknownalltheirlives,nowtheyarehavingtoprovethemselvesinacrowdofstrangers.so,quiteunderstandably,qualitieslikemagnetismandcharismasuddenlycometoseemreallyimportant.andsureenough,theself-helpbookschangetomeetthesenewneedsandtheystarttohavenameslikehowtowinfriendsandinfluencepeople.andtheyfeatureastheirrolemodelsreallygreatsalesmen.sothatstheworldwerelivingintoday.thatsourculturalinheritance.

nownoneofthisistosaythatsocialskillsareunimportant,andimalsonotcallingfortheabolishingofteamworkatall.thesamereligionswhosendtheirsagesofftolonelymountaintopsalsoteachusloveandtrust.andtheproblemsthatwearefacingtodayinfieldslikescienceandineconomicsaresovastandsocomplexthatwearegoingtoneedarmiesofpeoplecomingtogethertosolvethemworkingtogether.butiamsayingthatthemorefreedomthatwegiveintrovertstobethemselves,themorelikelythattheyaretocomeupwiththeirownuniquesolutionstotheseproblems.

sonowidliketosharewithyouwhatsinmysuitcasetoday.guesswhat?books.ihaveasuitcasefullofbooks.heresmargaretatwood,catseye.heresanovelbymilankundera.andherestheguidefortheperplexedbymaimonides.butthesearenotexactlymybooks.ibroughtthesebookswithmebecausetheywerewrittenbymygrandfathersfavoriteauthors.

mygrandfatherwasarabbiandhewasawidowerwholivedaloneinasmallapartmentinbrooklynthatwasmyfavoriteplaceintheworldwheniwasgrowingup,partlybecauseitwasfilledwithhisverygentle,verycourtlypresenceandpartlybecauseitwasfilledwithbooks.imeanliterallyeverytable,everychairinthisapartmenthadyieldeditsoriginalfunctiontonowserveasasurfaceforswayingstacksofbooks.justliketherestofmyfamily,mygrandfathersfavoritethingtodointhewholeworldwastoread.

buthealsolovedhiscongregation,andyoucouldfeelthisloveinthesermonsthathegaveeveryweekforthe62yearsthathewasarabbi.hewouldtakesthefruitsofeachweeksreadingandhewouldweavetheseintricatetapestriesofancientandhumanistthought.andpeoplewouldcomefromallovertohearhimspeak.

butheresthethingaboutmygrandfather.underneaththisceremonialrole,hewasreallymodestandreallyintroverted--somuchsothatwhenhedeliveredthesesermons,hehadtroublemakingeyecontactwiththeverysamecongregationthathehadbeenspeakingtofor62years.andevenawayfromthepodium,whenyoucalledhimtosayhello,hewouldoftenendtheconversationprematurelyforfearthathewastakinguptoomuchofyourtime.butwhenhediedattheageof94,thepolicehadtoclosedownthestreetsofhisneighborhoodtoaccommodatethecrowdofpeoplewhocameouttomournhim.andsothesedaysitrytolearnfrommygrandfathersexampleinmyownway.

soijustpublishedabookaboutintroversion,andittookmeaboutsevenyearstowrite.andforme,thatsevenyearswasliketotalbliss,becauseiwasreading,iwaswriting,iwasthinking,iwasresearching.itwasmyversionofmygrandfathershoursofthedayaloneinhislibrary.butnowallofasuddenmyjobisverydifferent,andmyjobistobeoutheretalkingaboutit,talkingaboutintroversion.(laughter)andthatsalotharderforme,becauseashonoredasiamtobeherewithallofyourightnow,thisisnotmynaturalmilieu.

soipreparedformomentsliketheseasbesticould.ispentthelastyearpracticingpublicspeakingeverychanceicouldget.andicallthismyyearofspeakingdangerously.(laughter)andthatactuallyhelpedalot.butilltellyou,whathelpsevenmoreismysense,mybelief,myhopethatwhenitcomestoourattitudestointroversionandtoquietandtosolitude,wetrulyarepoisedonthebrinkondramaticchange.imean,weare.andsoiamgoingtoleaveyounowwiththreecallsforactionforthosewhosharethisvision.

numberone:stopthemadnessforconstantgroupwork.juststopit.(laughter)thankyou.(ap