2022年广东省梅州兴宁市高一下学期期中段考英语试题

广东省梅州兴宁市2021-2022学年高一下学期期中段考英语试题第一部分听力（满分20分）第一节（1-4题每题1分，共4分）听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项每段对话仅读一遍。1.WhatwillMarydo?A.Gofishing.B.Walkadog.C.CareforMr.Smith.2.HowdoesJaneprobablylooknow?A.Surprised.B.Upset.C.Bored.3.WhydoesSusancalltheman?A.Toaskforafavor.B.Toknowhisplans.C.Tothankhim.4.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Helen'sbirthdaygifts.B.Helen'sbirthdayparty.C.Helen'sbirthdayguests.第二节(5-9题每题1分，共5分）听下面对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从所听到的内容中获取信息,回答相应小题。每段对话或独白读两遍。5.Wherewillthewomanprefertoliveinthenearfuture?A.Inthecity.B.Inthecountryside.C.Somewherenearthecity.6.What'stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Colleagues.C.Husbandandwife.听第6段材料，回答第7至9题7.WhatdoesLindausuallyhaveforbreakfastnow?A.Somebreadandacupofcoffee.B.Somebreadandaglassofjuice.C.Ahamsandwichandacupofmilk.8.WhereisLindastudyingnow?A.InItaly.B.IntheUS.C.InAustralia.9.Whatwillthespeakerstalkaboutnext?A.Italianfood.B.Localrestaurants.C.Waystostayhealthy.第三节角色扮演（1-3题每题2分，4-8题每题1分，共11分）角色：你是Mary。任务：（1）与Tom谈论有关友谊的话题；（2）根据对话内容回答问题。1.Nowpleaseaskthespeakerthreequestions.1：你和你最好的朋友有相似的爱好吗？Q:1）___________________________________________________________2：你们是怎么维持关系的？Q:2）__________________________________________________________3：你最好的朋友对你来说有多重要？Q:3）___________________________________________________________Nowpleasegetreadytoanswerfivequestions.Q1:Listentoquestion1.A1:Hemetthem4).__________________________.Q2:Listentoquestion2:A2:Hewill5)._____________________.Q3:Listentoquestion3:A3:Helikes6)__________________.Q4:Listentoquestion4:A4:Theyusuallymeet7)._________________________.Q5:Listentoquestion5:A5:Hefeels8).___________________________.第二部分阅读理解（满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AGermanyisfamousforitshistoryandculture,anditalsohassomeofEurope’smostwildandwonderfulscenery.Herearefourparksworthvisiting.TheBliesgauBiosphereThisplaceishometoalmosthalfofallGermanflowerspecies.Thegrasslandsrunformiles,drawingindifferentbutterflies.Thankstoitsgreatclimate,thisisanareaofsustainabledevelopment.Infact,thisparkisanexampleoffarmingdonerightandoffersawealthofagriculturalknow-howtoanyoneeagertolearn.BerchtesgadennatureparkBerchtesgadenisoneofGermany’soldestandmostbeautifulconservationareas.Pathsgoinandoutoftheforest,leadingyoualongthebanksofglassylakes.Themoreadventurousvisitorsmaychooseparagliding(滑翔伞运动).Backontheground,anetworkofmorethan150milesofwalkingpathsgoesthroughtheforest.SouthernBlackForestnatureparkThehighlandareas,withviewsoverSwitzerlandandFrance,areagoodplaceforfood-lovers.Activitiesintheparkrangefromhikingandfishingtomountainbiking,whiletheslowertravelerswillenjoythepathstogetawayfromeverydaylife.JasmundnatureparkItliesonthewestcoastoftheoffshoreislandofRugen.ThisprotectedsiteisthesmallestofGermany’snationalpark.ItisherethatpainterCasparDavidFriedrichfoundhimselfinspiredtocreateoneofhismasterpieces,ChalkCliffsonRigen,in1818.HerelongpathscantakeyouallthewaytotheRugencoastline,wherewhite-sandbeachesandbluewaterswaitforyou.21.Wherecanvisitorsknowoffarmingmethods?TheBliesgauBiosphere. B.Berchtesgadennaturepark.C.SouthernBlackForestnaturepark. D.Jasmundnaturepark.22.WhatdoJasmundnatureparkandBerchtesgadennatureparkhaveincommon?Theybothhavedifferentflowers.Theybothofferbeautifulgrasslands.Theybothhavelongpaths.Theyaregoodfortravelerstofish.23.Wherecanthistextcomefrom?A.Anadvertisement. B.Anessay. C.Ashortstory. D.Areport.BAsspringarrives,farmersaroundtheworldaremakingdecisionsaboutwhatcropstoplantandhowtomanagethem.IntheU.S.,farmerstypicallyhavebigdatatohelpmakethesedecisions.Thesedatahaveaclearupside.Theymakefarmsmoreproductive.IntheU.S.,thepastfiveyearshaveseenaseriesofgoodharvestsforbothcornandsoybean.Abigpartisgeneratedbyeffectivelyusingdatatoproducemorefoodfromthesameamountofland,seedandfertilizer.Inthepoorerpartsoftheworld,however,thepictureismuchdifferent.Manyfarmersareguidedonlybytheirhistorywiththelandandtheircommunity'straditions.Theirskillsandknowledgeareimpressive,buttheysufferfromapovertyofdata.Theyrelyontechnicaladvisorsforadvicefromgovernmentsandacademiccenterswhooftenhaveverylittleknowledgeofthelocalarea.Forseedsandfertilizersandothermaterialsusedinthefield,theyrelyoncompaniesthatlackdataonhowtheirproductswillperforminthelocalconditions.About10yearsago,EastAfricanofficialsandtheirdevelopmentpartnersstartedtoexplorewhysofewsmallholderdairyfarmersmadeprofitsfromgrowingdemandfromurbanconsumers.Surveysoffarmersintheregionsuggestedpooraccesstoveterinary(禽畜的)careandbreedingassistance.Anefforttoprovidetheseserviceshashelpedfarmersgetmoremilk.Datawouldmatterlittleiffarmingwaseasyandthepathstoproductivitywereobvious.Butinreality,agricultureisacomplexmixofmanyfactors,includingclimate,biology,chemistry,physics,economicsandculture—allofwhichvaryfromregiontoregion.Inthissituation,gooddataisnecessary.24.HowhasbigdatabenefitedAmerican'sfarmers?A.Byinformingthefarmerstoplantcropsearlier. B.Byhelpingmakefarmsmoreproductive.C.Byincreasingtheamountoflandforfarming. D.Byproducingmoreseedsandfertilizer.25.Whatdofarmersinpoorcountriesneedtoimprovetheirfarming?A.Farmingskills. B.Technicalguidance.C.Bigdata. D.Farmingmaterials26.WhydoesthewritermentionthecaseofEastAfrica?A.ToshowthatEastAfricareliesheavilyondiaryfarming.BToillustratecooperationbetweencountrieswasagreatsuccess.C.Toserveasanexampleofhowdatahelpsfarmersinpoorareas.D.ToprovethatcitypeopleinEastAfricadidn'tlikedrinkingmilk.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Manychangeablefactorshaveinfluenceonfarming.B.EastAfricandairyfarmerswereexperiencedinraisingcows.C.TheAmericanfarmerscan'tdecidewhattheywillplant.D.Thetechnicaladvisorsinpoorareasknowthelocalareaswell.CWhenkidsmeltdowninthemiddleofacrowdedstoreorataholidaydinnerwithextendedfamily,itcanbeextremelyfrustrating.Butparentscanhelpkidslearnself-controlandteachthemhowtorespondwithoutjustactingonimpulse(冲动).Teachingself-controlisoneofthemostimportantthingsthatparentscandofortheirkidsbecausetheseskillsaresomeofthemostimportantforsuccesslaterinlife.Bylearningself-control,kidscanmakeappropriatedecisionsandrespondtostressfulsituationsinwaysthatcanyieldpositiveoutcomes.Forexample,ifyousaythatyou’renotservingicecreamuntilafterdinner,yourchildmaycry,plead,orevenscreaminthehopesthatyouwillgivein.Butwithself-control,yourchildcanunderstandthatatempertantrum(发牌气)meansyou’lltakeawaytheicecreamforgoodandthatit’swisertowaitpatiently.Difficultasitmaybe,resisttheurgetoyellwhenyou’rediscipliningyourkids.Instead,bepersistentandmatteroffact.Duringachild’smeltdown,staycalmandexplainthatyelling,throwingatantrum,andslammingdoorsareunacceptablebehaviorsthathaveconsequences.Youractionswillshowthattantrumswon’tgetkidstheupperhand.Forexample,ifyourchildgets,upsetinthegrocerystoreafteryou’veexplainedwhyyouwon’tbuycandy,don’tgivein–thusdemonstratingthatthetantrumwasbothunacceptableandineffective.Also,considerspeakingtoyourchild’steachersaboutclassroomsettingsandappropriatebehaviorexpectations.Askifproblem-solvingistaughtordemonstratedinschool.Andmodelgoodself-controlyourself.Ifyou’reinanannoyedsituationinfrontofyourkids,tellthemwhyyou’refrustratedandthendiscusspotentialsolutionstotheproblem.Forexample,ifyou’vemisplacedyourkeys,insteadofgettingupset,tellyourkidsthekeysaremissingandthensearchforthemtogether.Iftheydon’tturnup,takethenextconstructivestep.Showthatgoodemotionalcontrolandproblemsolvingarethewaystodealwithadifficultsituation.28.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Impulsiveresponsesleadtofrustration.B.Kids’meltingdownisacommonphenomenon.C.Parentsshouldhelpkidsmakedecisionsappropriately.D.Teachingkidsself-controlisamustfortheirfuturesuccess.29.Whatistheparents’bestattitudetowardsachild’smeltdown?A.Firmandfactual.B.Calmandtolerant.C.Cautiousandobjective.D.Annoyedanddisapproving.30.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinparagraph3?A.Emotionaloutburstisunexpectedbehaviors.B.Kidsshouldn’tberesponsiblefortheirbehaviorsalone.C.Temperlosswon’tgivethekidsapositionofadvantage.D.Tantrumsareineffectiveininterpersonalcommunications.31.Whatmessageisconveyedinthelastparagraph?A.Slowandsteadywinstherace.B.Goodexampleisthebestsermon.C.Experienceisthemotherofwisdom.D.Successcomesfromthoroughself-control.DAtthepresenttime,theInternetisamajorpartofourlives.It'salwaysinourhandsorpockets.Whateverwearedoingissomehowlinked（连接）totheInternet.Westartfindingourconnectionsonlineaswell,whichisquiteimpressive.Wefindapersononasocialmediaplatform（社交媒体平台），seewehaveasharedinterestandstartchatting！Onlinefriendshipsinthepastweredoubtedandnotconsideredreliablebecauseyoudidn'tknowwhowasbehindthescreen.Butnow,whenwecangoshoppingonline,clearbillsinonlinebanks,andvirtuallyattendschools,whycan'twefindsomerealfriendsonline?Withonlinefriends,thereareseveraladvantages.Whenwefindsomethingcatchyinsomeone-theveryfirstqualityofouronlinefriend,weonlythenencourageourselvestofindwaystotalktothem.Wecansharewiththemoureverydaythings,andwhat'sbetterthantextingourfriendsoursecrets？Wecanbepresenttogetherwiththemoninterestedforums（论坛）.Wecansharelooksjustthroughaclick.Andthebestpartisthatwecanshootthemarealquickmessagewheneverweneedtheirexpertadvice.Withallthesestrengthsofanonlinefriend,alsocomesomeweakpointswhichmakesomepeopleafraidtofindtheirfriendsonline.Somepeoplebelievethatthepersontheyaretalkingtoonthescreenisnotrealortryingtogetinformationabouttheirprivatelife.Theyfeeluncomfortablesharingandchattingwithapersonwhothey'venevermetinreallife.Anotherproblemthatcomesinthewayofonlinefriendsishangingout.Peoplecan'treallyhangoutwiththeironlinefriends.Theotherproblemismiscommunication,whichsometimesleadstotheendofafriendship.Despitealltheseproblems,onlinecompanyisaperfectformofrelationshipbetweentwoormore.Afterall,wewouldnoticetheseproblemsinanyotherkindofrelationshiporfriendship.Miscommunicationoratrustissueisalwayspresenteveninface-to-facecommunication.32.Whatisparagraph1mainlyabout?A.HowtheInternethaschangedourdailylife.B.whetherpeopleshouldmakeonlinefriends.C.Whyagoodfriendshipisdifficulttodevelop.D.Whatmademakingfriendsonlineareality.33.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“reliable"inparagraph2mean?A.Easy. B.Possible. C.Dependable. D.Lasting.34.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisview?A.Bytellingstories. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byexplaininggeneralrules. D.Byprovidingresearchresults.35.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsonlinefriendship?A.Doubtful. B.Neutral. C.Unclear. D.Supportive第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下列短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheSaharaDesertLocationFillingnearlyallofnorthernAfrica,theSaharaDesertmeasuresapproximately3,

000milesfromeasttowestandbetween800and1,

200milesfromnorthtosouth.

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TheSaharaDesertisborderedinthewestbytheAtlanticOcean,inthenorthbytheAtlasMountainsandtheMediterraneanSea,intheeastbytheRedSea,andinthesouthbytheSahel.LandscapeTheSaharaDesertfeaturesiconicsanddune(沙丘)fields,whichcoverabout15percentoftheentiredesert’ssurfaceandlieprimarilyinthenorth-centralregion.

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Afewexamplesincludecrescent(新月形的)dunes,lineardunes,transversedunesandstardunes.Thesedunes,withtheirvariousforms,raisemanyquestionsaboutthedynamicsoftheirformation.Water

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Itsage-oldriversaretheNileandtheNiger.TheNilerisessouthoftheSaharaandemptiesintotheMediterranean.TheNigerrisessouthwestoftheSaharaandflowsnortheastwardintoMali.

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ItistheexpansivebutshallowLakeChad,abodyofwaterthatliesatthesouthernmostedgeoftheSahara.Otherlakesholdasaltystewofundrinkablewater.ClimateAcrosstheSaharaDesert,theannualaveragerainfallequalsnomorethanafewinchesorfewer.Inthesummer,daytimeairtemperaturesoftensoartoover100degreesFahrenheit,withthehottestairtemperaturemeteorologistshaveeverrecorded—136degrees—occurringatELAzizia,Libya,onSeptember13,1922.

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Inthewinter,freezingtemperaturesmayoccurinthenorthernSaharaDesert,andmildertemperaturesacrossthesouthernSaharaDesert.Snowmayfalloccasionallyinsomeofthehighermountainrangesandrarely,onthedesertfloor.A.Norainatallmayfallforseveralmoreyears.B.Ithasatotalareaofsome3,320,000squaremiles.C.Thedunesusuallytakeonvariedandcomplexforms.D.Stardunesformunderwindsthatblowfromseveraldirections.E.TheSaharaDeserthassomelakes,butonlyonewithdrinkablewater.F.TheSaharaDeserthasonlytwopermanentriversandahandfuloflakes.G.Undertheclearskies,thetemperaturemayfall40degreesormoreduringanevening.第三部分语言知识应用（满分45分）第一节完型填空(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isawinanewspaperateachingjob___41___ataschoolabouttenmilesfromwhereIlived.Beingveryshortofmoneyandwantingtodosomething___42___Iapplied(申请).Andthen,Ibegantofearthatwithoutadegreeandwithno___43___ofteachingmychancesofgettingthejobwere___44___.However,threedayslater,aletterarrived,callingmetoCroydonforameetingwiththeheadmaster.Itprovedtobea___45___journey:atraintoCroydonstation,aten-minutebusrideandthenawalkofat___46___aquarterofamile.AsaresultIarrivedthere,feelingtoohottobenervous.Itwasclearlythe___47___himselfthatopenedthedoor.Hewasshortandround."Theschool,"hesaid,"ismadeupofone___48___oftwenty-fourboysbetweensevenandthirteen."Ishouldhavetoteachallthesubjectsexceptart,___49___hetaughthimself.Ishouldhavetodividetheclassintothreegroupsandteachtheminturnatthreedifferentplaces,andIwas___50___atthethoughtofteachingmaths—asubjectatwhichIwasn’tvery___51___atschool.Worseperhapswastheideaof___52___toteachthemonSaturdayafternoonbecausemostofmyfriendswouldbe___53___themselvesatthattime.BeforeIhadtimetoaskaboutmysalary,hegotuptohis___54___."Now"hesaid,you’dbettermeetmywife.Sheistheonewhoreally___55___thisschool.41.A.kept B.lost C.wanted D.found42.A.harmful B.useful C.funny D.secret43.A.material B.experience C.means D.books44.A.nice B.great C.slight D.helpful45.A.difficult B.pleasant C.comfortable D.short46.A.most B.least C.last D.first47.A.teacher B.door-keeper C.student D.headmaster48.A.group B.class C.dozen D.score49.A.which B.that C.what D.this50.A.excited B.angry C.glad D.disappointed51.A.poor B.interested C.weak D.good52.A.forcing B.having C.forgetting D.managing53.A.watching B.studying C.enjoying D.helping54.A.letter B.feet C.hands D.wife55.A.runs B.starts C.observes D.likes第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。InancientChinathekitewasknownas“Zhiyuan”.____56____(original)regardedasatechnology,italsofeaturedinmanyartcollections,andwasconsideredtohaveuniqueartisticvalue.Itfirst____57____(appear)intheware(陶器)oftheSpringandAutumnPeriod(770BC—476BC).Accordingtohistoricalrecords,MoZispentthreeyears____58____(construct)awoodenkitewhichfailedafteroneday’sflight.OnebooknotedthatthemastercarpenterLuBanalsomadesomethat____59____(use)tospyonthesituationoftheenemy.Nowthebasicprocedureofmakingkitesremainsthesame,butstylesofkite-makingvaryindifferentregions.Theseinthe“WorldKiteCapital”ofWeifanginShandongProvincearewellknownfor____60___(they)craftsmanship,materials,painting,sculptureandflexibleflyingmovement.Oneofthesekites,____61____wasover300meterslong,wonfirstplaceintheInternationalKiteFestival____62___(hold)inItaly.Eventhisyear,____63___festivalisheldthereandisexpectedtodrawmanyfanswithapassionforflyingkites.____64____youareinterestedinflyingakite,youshouldchooseasunnyandwindydaysoyoucanenjoytheopenair,andtakecaretoavoidelectricwiresandcars.Andofcourse,apairofsunglassesmayproveusefulinprotectingyoureyes_____65_____brightsunshine.第四部分词汇检测（满分20分）第一节根据首字母或所提供的中文写出适合句义的单词Therehavebeenmanytouristsc_________aboutthebadserviceandpoorenvironmentofthehotel.Withoutyourg__________help,Icouldn’thavegotthroughthetoughtimesthen.Itiss__________totakestepstostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.Youshouldsetasidesometimetor_________yoursuccessesandfailures.Helpingothersisav________,anditwillmakeoursocietymoreharmonious.I’mina__________(进退两难的境地)aboutthisjoboffer.Thefoodishotand______(辛辣的)Trytoadopta__________(积极的)attitudetowardslife.Inthewesterncountries,Voften_________(代表)victory.Thispicture_______(阐明)howwatercanbereusedandrecycled.第二节根据所提供的中文写出正确的短语Youshould__________________(利用)theopportunitytojoinsportsteams.Thegirlpushedthestone_______________(竭尽全力)Thisisthehouse_____________(属于)theoldman.Thepoorgirlcametothebigcityto__________________(谋出路).Theyjust____________(执行)theorderastold.第五节：应用文写作（满分15分）假定你是李华，你的外教Mrs.Jones对中国传统节日中秋节很感兴趣，她来信向你询问“中秋节”及这个节日里的主要活动。请你给她写一封回信，内容包括：1.它是中国的传统节日之一；2.家人团聚；赏月、吃月饼；3.还有旅游、访友等其他活动。注意：1．词数80左右；2．开头已经给出，但不计入总词数。DearMrs.Jones，_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua高一下学期中段英语答案听力第一、二节；每题1分，共9分1-4BBCA5-9BCABA第三节、角色扮演（1-3每题2分，4-8每题1分，共11分）1.Doyouandyourbestfriendhavesimilarhobbies?2.Howdoyoumaintainyourrelationship?3.Howimportantisyourbestfriendtoyou?4.ataclub5.takepartinsomecompetitions.6.musicandwriting7.onceayear.8.happyandrelaxed.阅读(21-40每题2.5分共50分)21-23ACA24-27BCCA28-31DACB32-3532-35ACBD36-4036.BCFEG。完成填空（41-55每题2分共30分）41C42.B43.B44.C45.A46.B47.D48.B49.A50.D51.D52.B53.C54.B55.A语法填空【56~65题答案共15分】【答案】56.Originally57.appeared58.constructing59.wereused60.their61.which62.held63.the64.If65.from##against单词拼写答案（共10分）complaining2.generous3.significant4.reflect5.virtuedilemma7.spicy8.positive9.represents10.Illustrates短语答案（共10分）takeadvantageof/makeuseof2.withallhermight3.belongingto4.seekherfortune5.carriedout参考范文：（共15分）DearMrs.Jones,IammorethandelightedtolearnthatyoushowgreatinterestinChineseMid-AutumnFestival.NowI`mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutitindetail.TheMid-AutumnFestivalfallsonthe15thdayoftheeighthmonthofourChineselunarcalendar.AsoneoftraditionalChinesefestivals,ithasbeenenjoyinggreatpopularityforitscelebrationoffamilyreunion.Usually,nomatterhowfarawayorhowbusyweare,wewilltrytocomehomeforthefestival.Withthebeautifulmoonupinthesky,wesittogetherandeatmooncakesandfruits,sharingourstories.Inadditiontothesetraditionalactivities,wehaveawiderrangeofchoicessuchastravelingandvisitingourrelativesorfriends.I`mlookingforwardtoyourarrivalandjoiningmeinexperiencingittogether.Yours,LiHua【24~27题答案】【答案】24.B25.C26.C27.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。在美国，农民通常有大数据帮助他们做出这些决定。这些数据有明显的优势。它们提高了美国农业的生产力。但是在世界上较贫穷的地区，农民却缺乏大数据的支持来改善他们的农业。文章以东非为例，说明了数据可以有效帮助贫困地区的农民。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中IntheU.S.,farmerstypicallyhavebigdatatohelpmakethesedecisions.Thesedatahaveaclearupside.Theymakefarmsmoreproductive.可知在美国，农民通常有大数据帮助他们做出这些决定。这些数据有明显的优势。它们提高了农业的生产力。由此可知，大数据是通过帮助提高农业生产力来使美国农民受益的。故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段Inthepoorerpartsoftheworld,however,thepictureismuchdifferent.Manyfarmersareguidedonlybytheirhistorywiththelandandtheircommunity'straditions.Theirskillsandknowledgeareimpressive,buttheysufferfromapovertyofdata.Theyrelyontechnicaladvisorsforadvicefromgovernmentsandacademiccenterswhooftenhaveverylittleknowledgeofthelocalarea.Forseedsandfertilizersandothermaterialsusedinthefield,theyrelyoncompaniesthatlackdataonhowtheirproductswillperforminthelocalconditions.可知然而，在世界上较贫穷的地区，情况却大不相同。许多农民仅以他们与土地的历史和社区的传统为指导。他们的技能和知识给人留下深刻印象，但他们却苦于缺乏数据。他们依靠政府和学术中心的技术顾问提供建议，而这些顾问往往对当地情况了解甚少。对于种子、化肥和其他在田间使用的材料，他们依赖的是缺乏数据的公司，这些公司不知道他们的产品在当地条件下的表现如何。由此可知，贫穷国家的农民需要大数据来改善他们的农业。故选C。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中About10yearsago,EastAfricanofficialsandtheirdevelopmentpartnersstartedtoexplorewhysofewsmallholderdairyfarmersmadeprofitsfromgrowingdemandfromurbanconsumers.Surveysoffarmersintheregionsuggestedpooraccesstoveterinary(禽畜的)careandbreedingassistance.Anefforttoprovidetheseserviceshashelpedfarmersgetmoremilk.可知大约10年前，东非官员及其发展伙伴开始探讨为什么很少有小农户从城市消费者日益增长的需求中获利。对该地区农民的调查表明，他们很难获得兽医护理和繁殖援助。提供这些服务的努力帮助农民获得了更多的牛奶。由此可推知，作者提到东非的情况，是为了举例说明数据是如何帮助贫困地区农民的。故选C。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中Butinreality,agricultureisacomplexmixofmanyfactors,includingclimate,biology,chemistry,physics,economicsandculture—allofwhichvaryfromregiontoregion.可知但实际上，农业是许多因素的复杂组合，包括气候、生物、化学、物理、经济和文化——所有这些因素都因地区而异。由此可知，许多可变因素对农业有影响。故选A。【答案】28.D29.A30.C31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲了对孩子而言培养自控力的重要性以及身为家长应该怎么做。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段的主要内容，尤其“Teachingself-controlisoneofthemostimportantthingsthatparentscandofortheirkidsbecausetheseskillsaresomeofthemostimportantforsuccesslaterinlife.”(教导自我控制是父母可以为孩子做的最重要的事情之一，因为这些技能对于以后的生活取得成功是最重要的)可知，本段主要讲述自控力对于孩子来说会对他们未来的成功很重要，故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Instead,bepersistentandmatteroffact.Duringachild’smeltdown,staycalmandexplainthatyelling,throwingatantrum,andslammingdoorsareunacceptablebehaviorsthathaveconsequences.”(相反，要坚持不懈，实事求是。在孩子崩溃期间，保持冷静并解释大喊大叫、发脾气和摔门是不可接受的行为，这些行为会产生后果)可知，家长需要坚持，持续不断的教育孩子自控的重要性，此外，家长需要就事论事，从实际角度考虑，故选A。【30题详解】猜测句意题。根据文章第三段，“Instead,bepersistentandmatteroffact.Duringachild’smeltdown,staycalmandexplainthatyelling,throwingatantrum,andslammingdoorsareunacceptablebehaviorsthathaveconsequences.”(相反，要坚持不懈，实事求是。在孩子崩溃期间，保持冷静并解释大喊大叫、发脾气和摔门是不可接受的行为，这些行为会产生后果。)以及“ifyourchildgets,upsetinthegrocerystoreafteryou’veexplainedwhyyouwon'tbuycandy,don’tgivein–thusdemonstratingthatthetantrumwasbothunacceptableandineffective.”(例如，如果你的孩子在你解释了你不买糖果的原因后在杂货店生气，不要屈服——这表明发脾气既不可接受又无效)可知，我们想要孩子知道的是，发脾气不被外人接受，也对你手头的事情没有任何的帮助。由此猜测，划线句子意为“发脾气对孩子没有好处”。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，“Andmodelgoodself-controlyourself.”（塑造你自己的自控力）可知，这一段在讲作为家长，我们也需要塑造自己的自控力，在孩子面前做好榜样，即好榜样是最好的说教。故选B。32-35ACBD七选五主题语境：人与自然——自然生态本文是说明文。文章主要就撒哈拉大沙漠的地理位置及其自然风貌等情况进行了介绍。36.B。根据该空前的theSaharaDesertmeasuresapproximately3,

000milesfromeasttowestandbetween800and1,

200milesfromnorthtosouth可知，作者在此通过具体的数字向读者说明了撒哈拉大沙漠到底有多大。B项中的3,

320,

000squaremiles是对前面3,

000miles和between800and1,

200miles的进一步概述。37.C。根据该空后的Afewexamplesincludecrescentdunes,lineardunes,transversedunesandstardunes可知，这里是对C项中的variedandcomplexforms进行举例说明。C项中的dunes与该空后的dunes为原词复现。38.F。根据本段小标题Water和该段介绍的河流湖泊相关内容可知，F项是本段的主题句。F项中的twopermanentrivers指代下文中的theNile和theNiger；F项中的ahandfuloflakes指代下文中的LakeChad及其它湖泊。39.E。E项内容紧接上文对撒哈拉大沙漠中的湖泊进行了介绍，E项中的drinkablewater与下文中的undrinkablewater形成对比。40.G。根据该空前的Inthesummer,daytimeairtemperaturesoftensoartoover100degreesFahrenheit可知，在夏季，日间温度经常飙升到100华氏度以上。G项内容接着介绍了夜间的气温情况，符合此处语境。【41~55题答案】【答案】41C42.B43.B44.C45.A46.B47.D48.B49.A50.D51.D52.B53.C54.B55.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在进入大学之前，去应聘老师的工作，发现那所学校只有一个班级，除了校长没有其他老师，应聘者需要教美术之外的所有科目，周六下午也要上课的故事。【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我等待进入大学的时候，我在报纸上看到一所离我住处大约十英里的学校招聘教师。A.kept保持；B.lost丢失；C.wanted想要，需要；D.found找到，发现。根据后文“Iapplied”（我申请了）可推断，有人在报纸上刊登教师招聘广告；分析句子成分可知，设空处是非谓语动词修饰job，表示招聘用jobwanted来表示。故选C项。【42题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为我非常缺钱，又想做一些有用的事情，我申请了（这份工作）。A.harmful有害的；B.useful有用的；C.funny滑稽的；D.secret秘密的。根据上文“WhileIwaswaitingtoenteruniversity,Isawinanewspaperateachingjob1at