北京市通州区2023-2024学年高一下学期期末质量检测英语试题

通州区2023—2024学年第二学期高一年级期末质量检测英语试卷2024年7月本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，请将答题卡交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Reagan,abooklover,lookedupfromhisreadingasthebellrangovertheentrancetothebookstore.Puzzled,hewatchedforaminuteasDarya1towardthecounter(柜台)asiftoaskaquestion.Itdidn'tmakesensethatDarya,oneoftheschool'stopathletes,wasinabookstore.Notwantingtobenoticed,Reagan2foundanothervolumetoread.Hewouldn'tknowwhattosayifshetriedtostartaconversationbecausehethoughttheytwoweretoodifferenttohaveanythingto3."Hey,Reagan."Hergreeting4him,andhisbreathcaughtinhisthroatasitbecameapparenthehadn'tescapedafterall."Maybeyoucanhelpme."Hedoubtedit,buthemanagedtochokeoutareply."Me?""I'mtryingto5abookonsoccerskills.Iwon'tbeabletogotocampoverspringbreak,andIneedtoimprovemygamebeforethenextseasonbegins."Reaganswallowed,thenmotionedrandomlywithhishandsbeforehefoundhisvoice."Sure.Overhere."Hethoughtitwouldsaveconfusionifhejust6thewayratherthantrytopointherintherightdirection.Asshefollowedhimthroughtheshelves,hedaredtoimaginetheymightnotbeso7afterall.Hefeltabriefflashofhope,thesunshiningsuddenlywhereallhadbeengray.8,oneofDarya'steammatesappearedasifoutofnowhere,urginghertofinishanypurchases,ortheywouldbelateforpractice.Sighing,Reaganrealizednothinghadreallychanged;thedifferenceswouldneverletthembreakdownthosebarriers,eveniftheysochose.Instead,sheturnedtoReaganwitha9smile,"Thanksforyourhelp,andhey,maybewecouldplaysoccersometime?"Surprisedbutpleased,Reagan'sheartleaptattheunexpected10,asignthatperhapsthebarrierswerenotasinsurmountable(跨越)ashe'dthought.1．A．rushedB．walkedC．droveD．turned2．A．apparentlyB．obviouslyC．quicklyD．finally3．A．talkaboutB．dealwithC．carryoutD．settlein4．A．inspiredB．remindedC．attackedD．surprised5．A．locateB．figureC．gatherD．deliver6．A．controlledB．ledC．designedD．made7．A．particularB．uniqueC．differentD．determined8．A．LuckilyB．ActuallyC．SlowlyD．Immediately9．A．warmB．forcedC．crazyD．determined10．A．congratulationB．invitationC．electionD．fortune第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AAsafive-year-oldgirl,LinQiaozhiwasdeeplyaffectedbyhermother'sdeath.Atage18,insteadoffollowingthetraditionalpathofmarriagelikethemajorityofgirls,she11(choose)tostudymedicine."Whyshouldgirlslearnsomuch?12.(find)agoodhusbandshouldbetheirfinalgoal!"herbrothercomplained,thinkingofthehightuitionfees.Sheresponded,"I'dratherstayasingle13(study)allmylife!"BIntheafternoon,IheadedtoalocalmuseumthatshowedthehistoricalchangesinCalifornia.In1848,goldwasdiscoverednearSanFrancisco,14startedagoldrush.Over300,000peoplecamefromallovertheworldtoseek15(they)fortune,andSanFranciscoquicklybecameabigcity.ManyChinesearrivedduringthisperiod.16(earn)aliving,someopenedupshopsandrestaurants17Chinatown.Manyothersfoundjobsonfarms,joinedthegoldrush,orwenttobuildtherailway..CSpaceexplorationhasalreadypromotedtechnologicalimprovementsthatbenefitusall.High-endproductsaroundtheworld18(make)toahigherstandardnowbecauseofadvancedtechnology.Forexample,spacetechnologies19(help)theresearchanddevelopmentofdifferenttypesofnewmaterial.TheyhavealsohelpedcompaniesmakebetterheartmonitorsandothermachinesthatdoctorsregularlyuseToday,spacetechnologiesare20(wide)usedinallkindsofindustries.第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ABritishScienceWeekishappeninginMarch."Time"isthisyear'stheme.ThemovementofplanetEarthexplainswhywehavedifferentseasonsovertheyearandwhyweneedtimezones.Microsecondaccuracykeepsourcomputersystemstickingandhelpsglobalpositioningsatellitestoprovideuswithpreciselocationinformation.Infact,timeisverynecessaryforusandiskeytosomanySTEMdiscoveries.TheweekhopestoraiseawarenessandstimulateenthusiasmforSTEMsubjects.TherewillbelotsofeventsacrosstheUKandmanydifferentwaysforyoutoexperiencetime.AstronomicalTimeAtTheRoyalObservatoryinGreenwich,London,youcanexploretheoriginsoftellingthetime,andhowtime-tellinginstrumentshaveevolved.We'llalsofindoutwhatsolutionsinventorsandinnovatorsofthepastcameupwithtomeasuretime,helpsailorsatsea,andstandardizetime—ensuringpeopleinandacrosscommunitieswereusingthesameorsimilartime.MakingTimeTheMuseumofTimekeepingishometoafascinatingcollectionofclocks,watches,andtimepieces.Youcanhaveaguidedtourofthemuseumgalleriesandlistentosomeofthestoriesbehindtheartifacts.YoucanseethewatchwornbyCaptainScottonhisill-fatedAntarcticexpeditionof1912andgettohearthevoiceofthefirstSpeakingClock(aphonenumberyoucouldcalltofindoutwhattimeitwas).PassingofTimeFormedoveronemillionyearsago,CheddarGorgeisBritain'sbiggestgorge(deep,narrowvalley).Itis137metersdeepandthreemileslong.Itwascarvedbymeltwaterfloods,leavingbehindmysteriouscaves.ThemostfamousisGough'sCave,whereBritain'soldestcompleteskeleton,knownastheCheddarMan,whichdatesbackover10,000yearsandwasdiscoveredin1903.Youcanfocusonhowourancestorslivedandunderstandthepast.21．Wherecanyouexplorewhatmethodshavebeenproposedtomeasuretime?A．TheRoyalObservatory.B．GreenwichPark.C．MuseumofTimekeeping.D．CheddarGorge.22．WhatcanyoudiscoverattheMuseumofTimekeeping?A．Instrumentsforseaexploration.B．Clocks,watches,andtimepieces.C．SomemusicaboutAntarcticexpedition.D．TheCheddarMan'scollectionofartifacts.23．WhatisthesignificanceofCheddarGorge?A．Itisthedeepestgorgeintheworld.B．Ittellshowthecavesweredestroyed.C．Itshowswherethemeltwaterfloodscamefrom.D．Itprovidesinsightintohowourancestorslived.24．WhatisthemainpurposeofBritishScienceWeek?A．ToprovidetoursattheMuseumofTimekeeping.B．Toexplorethehistoryoftimekeepinginstruments.C．TohighlightthegeologicalhistoryofCheddarGorge.D．TopromoteSTEMsubjectsthrougheventsrelatedtothethemeof"Time."BItwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfromsevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltownwerewarmingupandwalkingtheroutethroughthickevergreenforest.IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingbyhimselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverandaskedhimwhyhewasn'twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitatedandthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandaskedhimwhathadhappened."Iwasafraidthatkidsfromotherschoolswouldlaughathim,"heexplaineduncomfortably."Igavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide."Ibitbackmyfrustration(懊恼).Iknewthecoachmeantwell—hethoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcouldrunifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbodyrockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingorrunninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmatesthoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothebestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.ThatwaswhynoneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecidedtojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger—that'sall.Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealwaysfinishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalwaysfinish.Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool,IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination.Davidmoveduptothestartinglinewiththeotherrunners.Theracestarted.Therouteseemedlong,especiallyforachildwithabraindisease.Davidinsistedonrunningasifhehadforgottenallhisweaknesses.Hetrippedwithinthefirstfewkilometersbutquicklypickedhimselfupandcontinued.Classmatescheered,"Comeon!Youcanmakeit!We'reproudofyou!"Toeveryone'sjoy,hereachedthefinishlineandranked20th.Itwasn'timportantwhetherhewonfirstplace.Itwashisbraveheartandstrongfaiththatmadesomethingunusualhappen.25．WhydidthecoachaskDavidtomakethedecision?A．Thecoachdidn'twantDavidtogetinjured.B．ThecoachthoughtDavidwastooweaktorun.C．ThecoachfearedDavidwouldbemadefunof.D．ThecoachbelievedDavidshouldfocusonhisstudies.26．HowdidDavid'sclassmatesviewhimatschool?A．Theyfeltsorryforhim.B．Theysawhimasanormalkid.C．Theyoftenplayedtricksonhim.D．Theypreventedhimfromactivities.27．WhatcanwelearnfromDavid'sstory?A．Hewonfirstplacewithother'shelp.B．Hewasthemostmodestamongallthechildren.C．Hisbehavorsprovedhisheartdiseasewasaproblem.D．Hisdeterminationandfaithmadetheachievementspecial.CSpaceexplorationhasproducedvaluableinsightsaboutEarth,thesolarsystemandbeyond.However,massivespaceactivityoverthepastfewdecadeshasledtounintendedorbitaldebris(残骸).Everylaunchofsatellitesorrocketsaddstotheproblem,increasingtheriskthatnegativelyinfluencesnotonlyspacemissionsbutalsofutureendeavors.Sincethe1957launchofSputnik-1,humanactivityinEarth'sorbithascausedsignificantdistortionsinspace,raisingseriousconcernsaboutthedebrisleftbehind.Thisever-increasingthreatcanbebestunderstoodthroughtheKesslersyndromeinspace.ThisphenomenonoccurswhenobjectsinlowEarthorbit(LEO)becomesocrowdedthattheybegintohiteachother,creatingmoredebrisandmorecollisions(碰撞),thusresultinginchainreactionsofmergersandfissions.ManyexpertswarnthatLEOismovingtowardsKessler'ssyndrome.Accidentalcollisionsinspacealsoincreasetheorbitaloverload,suchasthe2009collisionbetweentwosatellites,Kosmos2251andIridium33.Sucheventshaveworsenedtheorbitaldebrisproblemandraisedtheprospectofdisastrousspaceconditions.Theneedforsustainablespaceactivitiesandthereductionofspacedebrisisbeingemphasizedgloballytoaddresstherisingspacepollution.Therefore,governmentshaveissuedmanyregulatorymeasures,includingactivedebrisremoval(ADR)technologiesorpollutionprevention,whichareeitherplanned,tested,oralreadycarriedouttoprotectbothexistingspacecraftandonessettobelaunched.Besidesregulatorymeasures,severalmitigatingmethodsarealsousedtoreducetheorbitaloverload.OnesuchmethodinvolvescausingasatellitetobreakdownnaturallybybringingitclosertoEarth'ssurfacesoitburnsupintheatmosphere.Thismethodisconsideredcost-effectivebecausethedefunctsatellitecanbepushedtowardtheEarth'ssurfaceataloweraltitudeusingaphysicaltoollikeanetoranair-burstingtool.AnothersimilartechnologyusesaharpoonthatisfiredinthedirectionofthetargetedspacecrafttocaptureitanddirectittowardsEarthinanactivemanner,causingthedebristodeorbitandplanatmosphericincineration.Toreducethelong-termriskofcollisions,thefocusneedstobeonreducingtheamountofdebrisintheorbit.Internationalcooperationandcontinuedinvestmentindebrisreductiontechnologiesarecarriedouttoreducethepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesofanovercrowdedorbit.28．Whatistheparimaryconcernregardingorbitaldebris?A．Itsimpactonweatherpatterns.B．Itsimpactonfuturespacemissions.C．Itsimpactonsatellitecommunication.D．Itsimpactonnaturalatmosphericprocesses.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mitigating"inParagraph6mostprobablymean?A．Lessening.B．Worsening.C．Curing.D．Strengthening.30．Whataresomeregulatoryandmitigationmeasurestoaddressspacedebris?A．Frequentsatellitelaunches.B．Morespacetourismfortax.C．Activedebrisremovaltechnologies.D．Morespacetelescopesformonitoring.31．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Therearenoexistingmethodstoreducespacedebris.B．Reducingspacedebriscallsforjointandfurtherefforts.C．Thekesslersyndromeisaminorconcernforspacemissions.D．Activedebrisremoval(ADR)technologiesaretheonlysolutiontospacedebris.DAninternationalteamoffossil(化石)huntershasdiscoveredtheremainsofa"nursery"ofprehistoricseacreaturesinChina.Thefossilsdatebacktoaround518millionyearsago—atimeknownastheCambrianPeriod,whenalllifeonEarthlivedintheoceans.ItisveryraretofindsomanyfossilsfromtheCambrianPeriodinoneplace.Thescientists,ledbyXianfengYangfromYunnanUniversity,found2,846fossilsfrom118differentspeciesatthesite,nearthecityofKunming.Theyincludeancientancestorsofmodern-dayinsects,shellfishandworms,aswellasextincttrilobites(三叶虫).Seventeenofthespeciesdiscoveredarenewtoscience,andmorethanhalfofthefossilsareyounganimals.Thishasledresearcherstotheconclusionthatthesitewasasortofdeep-seanurserywhereconditionswerewellsuitedforyoungcreaturestogrow.Whentheseabedwascoveredbysoftmud(泥)thesecreatures'remainswereperfectlypreserved,eventuallycreatingalayeroffossil-richrock.Alongsidehardbodyparts,likebonesandteeth,softtissuewasalsopreserved,whichisespeciallyimportantwhenlookingbacktoaperiodwhenmostanimalshadsoftbodies.Someofthefossilsaresowellpreservedthatresearchershavebeenabletospotbodypartsthey'veneverseenbefore.Onebenefitofalltheyoungcreaturesfossilsisthatscientistswillbeabletolearnhowthecreatureschangedastheyaged."We'llseehowdifferentbodypartsgrewovertime,"explainedresearcherJulienKimmig,fromPennStateUniversityintheUS,"whichissomethingwecurrentlydonotknowaboutformostofthesegroups."What'smore,Kimmigandhiscolleagueswillbeabletocomparethecreatureswithlivingthingstoday."Wewillseeifhowtheseanimalsdeveloptodayissimilartohowtheydeveloped500millionyearsago,orifsomethinghaschangedthroughouttime."32．Whatcanwelearnaboutthefossilsfound?A．Halfofthemareextinctseacreatures.B．Theyarespreadoutoverdifferentsites.C．Someofthemarepreviouslyunknownspecies.D．Theybelongtorareanimalslivingintheoceans.33．Whatkeptthecreatures'remainsfrombeingdamaged?A．Theywereprotectedinrocks.B．Theywereburiedinthedeepsea.C．Theseafloorwascoatedwithmud.D．Theseabedwasingoodcondition.34．Whatdoscientistswanttolearnfromthefossils?A．Thecreatures'age.B．Changesinthecreatures'growth.C．Similaritiesbetweenthesespeciesgroups.D．Thecreatures'impactonlivingthingstoday.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Cultureshockisthefeelingofuncertainty,confusion,oranxietythatpeoplemaygetwhentheyliveinorvisitanothercountrythatdiffersfromtheirown.35Itcanundoubtedlyaffectpeople'slives.Thefollowingaresomewaystodealwithcultureshock.Haveagoodunderstandingofcultureandcultureshock.Therearemanyfactorsthatmakeupaculture,includingsharedbeliefs,traditionsandmorals.36It'sbecausetheyaresurroundedbypeoplewiththesamebeliefsandvalues,andculturaldifferencesareonlyclearwhenyoumeetsomeoneelse'sculture.Keepajournalofyourthoughts.37Andyouarefeelingabitoverwhelmed(不知所措的)withtheculturethere.Ratherthangiveintoyouranxiety,writeitout.Writedownhowyoufeltatthemomentandwhattroubledyouormadeyouhappythatday.Youcanalsoputsomethingdownifyou'remissinganyonefromyourhometown.38Don'tallowyourselftobecomearecluse(隐居者)duringthisexperience.Youcanshareyourfeelingsandexperienceswithyourrelativesandfriends.Ifyouarestudyingabroadandhaveotherclassmateswhohavesimilarfeelings,conn