新教材2024版高中英语课时作业8Unit8LiteraturePartDLesson320000LeaguesUndertheSea北师大版选择性必修第三册

课时作业(八)Unit8PartDLesson320，000LeaguesUndertheSeaⅠ.阅读理解AGases,likeblackcarbon,methane(甲烷)andozone(臭氧)incitysmog,arecalled“short­livedclimatepollutants(污染物)”，whichexistbothoutdoorsandindoorsanddecreaseagriculturalcrops.WHOsaysemissionsfromtheseclimatepollutantscausemanyseriousillnesses,includinglungcancer.Andthesepollutantsareresponsibleformanyofthemorethan7millionprematuredeathseachyearthatareconnectedtoairpollution.MariaNeirainWHOsaysthepollutantshaveastrongimpactonclimatechange.Butthegoodnewsisthattheyonlystayintheatmosphereforafewdaysto10years.Thatismuchshorterthancarbondioxide,agreenhousegasthatcanremainforhundreds,oreventhousandsofyears.AccordingtoMariaNeira,whenyouaddresstheshort­livedpollutants,youcanreduceemissionsveryrapidly,andthenimproveairquality.Youwillhaveanimmediatereductionintheillhealthanddiseasesbecauseofthereductionofairpollution.WHOhasmanyavailableandaffordablewaystoreducetheseshort­livedclimatepollutants.Atthetopofthelistiscuttingvehicleemissionsbyrequiringhigheremissionandefficiencystandards.Moreemissionsarereleasedwhenenginesarerunning.Indoorairpollutionalsocontributestopoorhealthandprematuredeath.WHOreportsthatnearly3billionlow­incomehouseholdsrelyon“dirtyfuels”.Coal,woodandkeroseneusedforcookingandheatingareexamples.Cleanerandmoreefficientstovesandfuelalternativescouldcutdownonhealthrisks.Anotherwaytocutbackonthesepollutantsistohavemoreinvestmentandpoliciesforrapidtransport.Theseincludebuses,trains,bicyclesandpedestrianorwalkingroutes.Theseinvestmentcouldhavemanybenefits,includingsafertravel,reducedhealthrisksfromnoiseandairpollutionandmorephysicalactivity.TheWHOreportalsocallsforencouraginghigh­incomeandmiddle­incomepopulationstoincludemoreplant­basedfoodsintheirdiets.Itsaysthiscouldtheriskofdevelopingreduceheartdiseaseandsomecancers,andcouldalsoslowthemethanegasproductionthatcomeswithsomeanimal­sourcedfoods.1．The“short­livedclimatepollutants”aresocalledbecause________．A．theycausemanytodieyoungB．theyexistshorterthanthegreenhousegasC．theyliveindoorsforashorttimeD．theyhaveashorteffectonpeople'shealth2．Theunderlinedword“address”inParagraph4means“________”．A．liveon B．talkaboutC．dealwith D．turnto3．Whatcanbeinferredfromthewholepassage?A．Richpeoplehardlyevereatplant­basedfoodsindailylife.B．Noemissionsarereleasedfromstoppedengines.C．Governmentsshouldtakemeasurestofightpollution.D．Heartdiseaseandsomecancersarecausedbythepollutants.4．Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?A．ThewaystofightairpollutionB.Reducing“short­livedclimatepollutants”tosavelivesC．SomesourcesofseriousairpollutionD．AreportonpollutionfromWHOBAsglobaltemperaturesrise,treesaroundtheworldareexperiencinglongergrowingseasons,sometimesasmuchasthreeextraweeksayear.Allthattimehelpstreesgrowfaster.Forthepast100years,treeshavebeenexperiencingfastgrowthinmildareasfromMarylandtoFinland,toCentralEurope,wherethegrowthrateofsometreeshasevenspedupbynearly77%since1870.Supposingwoodwerejustasstrongtoday,thosegainswouldmeanmorewoodforbuilding,burning,andstoringcarboncapturedfromtheatmosphere.Butiswoodreallyasdense(茂密的)asitusedtobe?HansPretzsch,aforestscientistinGermany,andhiscolleagueswantedtofindananswer.TheycarriedoutastudyoftheforestsofCentralEurope.TheystartedwithsmallpiecesofexperimentallandinsouthernGermany,someofwhichhavebeencontinuouslymonitoredsince1870.Pretzschandhisteamtookcoresamples(样品)fromthetrees—whichincludedNorwayspruce,sessileoak,Europeanbeech,andScotspine—andanalyzedthetreerings.Theyfoundthatinallfourspecies,wooddensityhaddecreasedby8%to12%.“Weexpectedatrendofthewooddensitylikethis,butnotsuchastrongandsignificantdecrease，”Pretzschsays.Increasingtemperatures,andthefastergrowththeyspur,probablyaccountforsomeofthedrop.Anotherfactor,Pretzschsays,ismorenitrogeninthesoilfromagriculturalfertilizerandvehicleexhaust.Previousstudieshavelinkedincreasedfertilizerusetodecreasedwooddensity.Aboveall,thestudysuggeststhatthehighertemperatures—combinedwithpollutionfromcarexhaustandfarms—aremakingwoodweaker,resultingintreesthatbreakmoreeasilyandwoodthatislessdurable.“Iamgettingworried，”saysRichardHoughton,anecologistattheWoodsHoleResearchCenterinMassachusetts,whowasnotpartofthenewstudy.Asthedensityofthesamplesdropped,sodidtheircarboncontent.Thatmeansforestsmaysuffermoredamagefromstormsandmaybelessefficientatabsorbingcarbondioxidethanscientiststhink,Houghtonsays.5．Paragraph1iswrittento________．A．proveanideaB．introducethetopicC．giveanexampleD．describeafact6．Whatdoesthestudyshow?A．Farmingslowstrees'growth.B．Moreareasarecoveredwithforests.C．Globalwarmingchangesthequalityofwood.D．Pollutionleadstohighertemperatures.7．WhatdoesRichardHoughtonmean?A．Greatlossmightbecaused.B．Stormdamagecanbeprevented.C．Thesizeofforestsmightbeincreased.D．Lessgreenhousegasescanbesentout.8．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．WeonlyhaveoneearthB．Trees—ourbestfriendsC．TheinfluenceofclimatechangeD．Treesaregrowingfaster,butweakerⅡ.七选五SolutionstoClimateChangeTherearepersonallifestylechangesthatyoucanmakeandthat,tosomeextent,canhelpreduceyourcarbonimpact.Notallarerightforeverybody.Butapplyingjustafewofthemcouldmakeadifference.Moveclosertowork.Transportationisoneoftheleadingsourcesofgreenhousegasemissions.__1__Onewaytodramaticallycuttransportationfuelneedsistomoveclosertowork,usemasstransportation,orswitchtowalking,cyclingorsomeothermodesoftransportthatdoesnotrequireanythingotherthanhumanenergy.Consumeless.__2__Whetherbyquittinganautomobileoremployingareusablegrocerysack,cuttingbackonconsumptionresultsinfewerfossilfuelsbeingburnedtoextract,produceandshipproductsaroundtheglobe.__3__Apotentiallysimplerandevenbiggereffectcanbeproducedbydoingmorewithless.Citizensofmanydevelopedcountriesareenergy­wasters,whetherbyspeedinginagas­wastingvehicleorleavingthelightsonwhennotinaroom．Similarly,employingmoreefficientrefrigerators,airconditionersandotherappliancescancutelectricitybills.__4__Youcanturnthelightsoryourcomputersoffwhenyouleavetheoffice.Stopcuttingdowntrees.Whenpurchasingwoodproducts,suchasfurnitureorflooring,buyusedgoodsor,failingthat,woodprovedofficiallytohavebeensustainableharvested.TheAmazonrainforestandotherforestsaremorethanthelungoftheearth.__5__A．Beenergyefficient.B．Usefewelectricalappliances.C．Butitdoesn'thavetobethatway.D．Sucheffortscanalsobeusefullyemployedatwork.E．Theymayalsobehumans'short­termhopeforlimitingclimatechange.F．Theeasiestwaytocutbackongreenhousegasemissionsissimplytobuylessstuff.G．Citizensspendmoremoneyonelectricitytopowerdeviceswhenthey'reoffthanwhenthey'reon.课时作业(八)Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”，它们会给人类带来的危害以及可以削减这些污染物排放的方法。1．答案与解析：B微小环节理解题。由文章第三段中的Butthegoodnewsisthattheyonlystayintheatmosphereforafewdaysto10years.Thatismuchshorterthancarbondioxide,agreenhousegasthatcanremainforhundreds，oreventhousandsofyears.可知，“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得此名。故选B。2．答案与解析：C词义揣测题。由画线单词后的youcanreduceemissionsveryrapidly,andthenimproveairquality.Youwillhaveanimmediatereductionintheillhealthanddiseasesbecauseofthereductionofairpollution可知，这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。由此可推知，画线单词的意思是“处理掉，解决掉”。liveon以……为食；talkabout谈论；dealwith处理，应付；turnto转向。故选C。3．答案与解析：C推理推断题。由第五段中的cuttingvehicleemissionsbyrequiringhigher...standards以及倒数其次段中的Anotherwaytocutbackonthesepollutantsistohavemoreinvestmentandpoliciesforrapidtransport.可推知，政府应当实行一些措施来治理污染问题。故选C。4．答案与解析：B主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给人类带来的危害，剩下的五段内容提出了解决方案。只有选项B中的“short-livedclimatepollutants”可与本文主题“‘短期气候污染物’”呼应，其中的Reducing也与最终几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选B。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。对森林的探讨表明，气候变暖会变更木材的质量——树生长得越来越快，但树也越来越脆弱。5．答案与解析：B写作目的题。依据第一段中的“Supposingwoodwerejustasstrongtoday,thosegainswouldmeanmorewoodforbuilding,burning,andstoringcarboncapturedfromtheatmosphere.Butiswoodreallyasdense(茂密的)asitusedtobe”可知，第一段提出问题，启发读者进行思索，从而引入本文的话题。故选B。6．答案与解析：C微小环节理解题。依据第三段中的“thestudysuggeststhatthehighertemperatures—combinedwithpollutionfromcarexhaustandfarms—aremakingwoodweaker,resultingintreesthatbreakmoreeasilyandwoodthatislessdurable”可知，对森林的探讨表明，全球变暖会变更木材的质量。故选C。7．答案与解析：A推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Thatmeansforestsmaysuffermoredam