2021年中考英语重难题型训练：话题8：饮食、卫生与健康

话题八：饮食、卫生与健康

（时间：25分钟分值：28分）

I.完形填空。(10分)

Fewpeoplelikechangingtheirhabits,goodorbad.Whetheritissmoking,drinkingorover-eating,they[

“enjoying”themtotheend.

Oneverypacketofcigarettes(香烟)，peoplearewarnedagainstthe2ofsmoking:uWarning:Cigarette

SmokingIsDangeroustoYourHealth”.3，millionsofthemstartsmokingorgoonsmoking.Why?

Factsshowthatfamiliesandsurroundings(环境)playaveryimportantpartininfluencingsmokers.Allthosesmokers

4smokingfamiliesorhavesmoking5orrelatives.FilmsandTVplaysalsoplayaparl.People6their

“heroes”onTVdrinkingalcohol(酒)orsmokingcigarettes."Heroes“seemto?nothing,neitherkillingthemselves

norkillingotherswithalcoholandcigarettes.Iftheyarenotafraidoftheharmofsmokinganddrinking,8should

commonpeoplebeafraid?

Thesimplewarningonthecigarettepacketdoesnotinfluencesmokers*habits.Evenstrongerwarnings,likeshowing

picturesofsmokerswhohavedied9cancer,don'tseemtowork.

Knowingandbelievingseemtobetwo10things.Ifsmokingisreallyasharmfulasdoctorssay,itistimefor

smokerstothinkaboutitandtrytogiveitup!

()1.A.stopB.continue

C.finishD.avoid

()2.A.chancesB.excuses

C.causesD.dangers

()3.A.MoreoverB.Also

C.HoweverD.Besides

()4.A.comefromB.hearfrom

C.learnfromD.getfrom

()5.A.parentsB.uncles

C.brothersD.friends

()6.A.hearB.catch

C.watchD.face

()7.A.dareB.fear

C.promiseD.regret

()8.A.whatB.how

C.whenD.why

()9.A.ofB.at

C.againstD.above

()10.A.similarB.pleasant

C.differentD.boring

11.(2020字波中考)阅读理解。(8分)

Monday,January21st

I'mavirus（病毒）fbrthecommoncold.IthasbeenalongtimesinceIinfected（感染）humanslasttime.TodayItriedto

infectaboyinaprimaryschoolallday.HisnameisSam.Iwaitedonhisdesktop,andwhenhetouchedthedeskIjumped

onhisfinger.Unluckily,Samdidn'ttouchhiseyes,mouthornose.Then,rightafterclass,hewashedhishands.NowI'm

fullofsoapandsittinginasink!

Tuesday，January22nd

ThismorningIjumpedintothenoseofSam'sbestfriend,Bill.Unluckily,themucus（黏液）inhisnosecaughtme.I

thoughtitwasoverforme,whensuddenlyBillsneezedwhilehewastalkingtoSam.Iknewthatwouldsendmerightinto

Sam*sface!However,SamquicklygaveBillatissue,andBillsneezedintothatinstead!InfectingpeopleisharderthanI

imagined.

Wednesday,January23rd

I'mfeelingveryunhappytoday.SomescientistscaughtmyfriendHarryandputhimunderamicroscope.Harryisaflu

virusandhe'sadangerouslittleguy.Besides,Samateallhisvegetablestoday.He'sexercising,andhe*sgettingeight

hoursofsleepeverynight.Hisbodyistoostrongfbrme!

Thursday,January24th

ItriedtoinfectSamagaintoday,buthewashedhishandsfivetimesandnevertouchedhisface!Healsogavetissues

toeverystudentinhisclasswhowassneezing.It'simpossibletogivehimacold!SoIhavetogiveupandI'mmovingto

anotherschool.

（）1.Accordingtothepassage,lifeofthevirusforthecommoncoldcouldbe.

A.easyB.lucky

C.dangerousD.difficult

（）2.Theunderlinedword"his"inthepassagerefersto.

A.Sam'sB.Bill's

C.Harry'sD.Bill'sfriend's

（）3.Thewriteristryingtotellusthat.

A.virusesfeelhappy,sadandangryjustaspeopledo

B.weshouldbefriendlywhenotherpeoplearoundyouaresick

C.it*simportanttoprotectyourownbodyagainstviruses

D.manyvirusesaroundusliketoinfectboysinprimaryschools

（）4.Thebesttitlefbrthepassagemightbe"

A.DangerofaVirusB.HabitofaVirus

C-DiaryofaVirusD.LetterofaVirus

III.任务型阅读。（10分）

Abalanceddietanddailyphysicalactivitycanmakechildrenlivehealthylives.

Formanyyears,childrenobesity（月巴胖）rateshavebeenontherise.NowsomeU.S.cities,including

Philadelphia,NewYorkCityandLosAngeles,areseeingprogressintheirfightingagainstfat.Decliningchildhood

obesityrateshavebeenreportedinpartsofMississippi,thestatewiththehighestobesityrateinthenation.

MakingtheEffort

From1980to2000,about9millionchildrenwere

overweight.Beingoverweightcanleadtoserioushealthproblems.Theymayhaveheartdisease,stroke,

diabetes,cancerandhighbloodpressure.

In2011,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）beganaprojecttofightagainstchildhoodobesity.The

projecfsgoalistofindwaystomakehealthychangesinschools,foodstores,parksandotherplaces.

HealthyChoices

ThecitiesandstateswithdecliningchildhoodobesityrateshavefollowedtheCDC*ssuggestions.Philadelphiaworks

withanorganizationcalledtheFoodTrusttoconnectschoolswithlocalfarmsandbringfreshvegetablestocafeterias.New

YorkCityhasrequiredchainrestaurantstopostcalorie（卡路里）infonnationontheirmenu.Mississippicreatedaprogram

called“Fruits&Vegetables：MoreMatterstoteachkidshowtoaddhealthyfoodtotheirdailydiets.

Schoolsnationwidearedoingtheirpart.Friedfoodhasdisappearedfrommanycafeteriamenus.Whole-wheatbread

hasreplacedsugarydrinks,includingsportsdrinksandsoda.Manyschoolshavebannedjunkfoodandrequirehealthier

snackoptionsinvendingmachines（自动售货机）.

1题完成句子；2、3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下最后一段的主题句；5题将文中画线句子译成汉语。

1.Abalanceddietandcanmakechildrenlivehealthylives.

2.WhatisthegoalofCDCsproject?

3.WhathasNewYorkCitydonetoreduce（降低）childhoodobesityrates?

4.L

5•0

答案

话题八：饮食、卫生与健康

（时间：25分钟分值：28分）

I.完形填空。（10分）

Fewpeoplelikechangingtheirhabits,goodorbad.Whetheritissmoking,drinkingorover-eating,they1

“enjoying“themtotheend.

Oneverypacketofcigarettes（香烟），peoplearewarnedagainstthe2ofsmoking:uWarning:Cigarette

SmokingIsDangeroustoYourHealth”.3,millionsofthemstartsmokingorgoonsmoking.Why?

Factsshowthatfamiliesandsurroundings(环境)playaveryimportantpartininfluencingsmokers.Allthosesmokers

4smokingfamiliesorhavesmoking5orrelatives.FilmsandTVplaysalsoplayapart.People6their

“heroes“onTVdrinkingalcohol(酒)orsmokingcigarettes.“Heroes"seemto7nothing,neitherkillingthemselves

norkillingotherswithalcoholandcigarettes.Iftheyarenotafraidoftheharmofsmokinganddrinking,8should

commonpeoplebeafraid?

Thesimplewarningonthecigarettepacketdoesnotinfluencesmokers'habits.Evenstrongerwarnings,likeshowing

picturesofsmokerswhohavedied9cancer,don'tseemtowork.

Knowingandbelievingseemtobetwo10things.Ifsmokingisreallyasharmfulasdoctorssay,itistimefor

smokerstothinkaboutitandtrytogiveitup!

(B)l.A.stopB.continue

C.finishD.avoid

(D)2.A.chancesB.excuses

C.causesD.dangers

(C)3.A.MoreoverB.Also

C.HoweverD.Besides

(A)4.A.comefromB.hearfrom

C.learnfromD.getfrom

(D)5.A.parentsB.uncles

C.brothersD.friends

(C)6.A.hearB.catch

C.watchD.face

(B)7.A.dareB.fear

C.promiseD.regret

(D)8.A.whatB.how

C.whenD.why

(A)9.A.ofB.at

C.againstD.above

(C)lO.A.similarB.pleasant

C.differentD.boring

II.(2020字波中考)阅读理解。(8分)

Monday,January21st

Fmavirus(病毒)forthecommoncold.IthasbeenalongtimesinceIinfected(感染)humanslasttime.TodayItriedto

infectaboyinaprimaryschoolailday.HisnameisSam.Iwaitedonhisdesktop,andwhenhetouchedthedeskIjumped

onhisfinger.Unluckily,Samdidn*ttouchhiseyes,mouthornose.Then,rightafterclass,hewashedhishands.NowFm

fullofsoapandsittinginasink!

Tuesday，January22nd

ThismorningIjumpedintothenoseofSam'sbestfriend,Bill.Unluckily,themucus(黏液)inhisnosecaughtme.I

thoughtitwasoverforme,whensuddenlyBillsneezedwhilehewastalkingtoSam.Iknewthatwouldsendmerightinto

Sam'sface!However,SamquicklygaveBillatissue,andBillsneezedintothatinstead!InfectingpeopleisharderthanI

imagined.

Wednesday,January23rd

I'mfeelingveryunhappytoday.SomescientistscaughtmyfriendHarryandputhimunderamicroscope.Harryisaflu

virusandhe*sadangerouslittleguy.Besides,Samateallhisvegetablestoday.He'sexercising,andhe'sgettingeight

hoursofsleepeverynight.Hisbodyistoostrongforme!

Thursday,January24th

ItriedtoinfectSamagaintoday,buthewashedhishandsfivetimesandnevertouchedhisface!Healsogavetissues

toeverystudentinhisclasswhowassneezing.Ifsimpossibletogivehimacold!SoIhavetogiveupandI'mmovingto

anotherschool.

(D)l.Accordingtothepassage,lifeofthevirusforthecommoncoldcouldbe.

A.easyB.lucky

C.dangerousD.difficult

(B)2.Theunderlinedword"his"inthepassagerefersto.

A.Sam'sB.Bill's

C.Harry'sD.Bill'sfriend's

(C)3.Thewriteristryingtotellusthat.

A.virusesfeelhappy,sadandangryjustaspeopledo

B.weshouldbefriendlywhenotherpeoplearoundyouaresick

C.it*simportanttoprotectyourownbodyagainstviruses

D.manyvirusesaroundusliketoinfectboysinprimaryschools

(C)4.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe"

A.DangerofaVirusB.HabitofaVirus

C.DiaryofaVirusD.LetterofaVirus

III.任务型阅读。(10分)

Abalanceddietanddailyphysicalactivitycanmakechildrenlivehealthylives.

Formanyyears，childrenobesity(月巴胖)rateshavebeenontherise.NowsomeU.S.cities，including

Philadelphia,NewYorkCityandLosAngeles,areseeingprogressintheirfightingagainstfat.Decliningchildhood

obesityrateshavebeenreportedinpartsofMississippi,thestatewiththehighestobesityrateinthenation.

MakingtheEffort

From1980to2000,about9millionchildrenwere

overweight.Beingoverweightcanleadtoserioushealthproblems.Theymayhaveheartdisease,stroke，

diabetes,cancerandhighbloodpressure.

In2011,theCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)beganaprojecttofightagainstchildhoodobesity.The

projecfsgoalistofindwaystomakehealthychangesinschools,foodstores,parksandotherplaces.

HealthyChoices

Thecitiesandstateswithdecliningchildhoodobesit