四川省泸州市泸县四中2023-2024学年高三下学期开学英语试题

泸县四中高2021级高三下期开学考试英语试题第I卷选择题(100分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】HowdoesHenryfeelnow?A.Proud. B.Grateful. C.Tired.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Hi,Henry.Iheardyou’vetravelledalotrecently.M:Yeah,IjustcamebackfromAfrica.W:Well,Ireallyenvyyou.M:Youwon’tifyouknowhowtiringitwas.Now,Ijustwanttotakeabreak.Alongbreak.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whenwillthespeakersdiscussthematteragain?A.OnWednesday. B.OnThursday. C.OnFriday.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’llattendalectureonWednesday.Let’sdiscussthisfurtherattheFridaymeeting.W:Unfortunately,I’llbeleavingforLondonThursdayafternoon.Maybewecantalkthatmorningoverbreakfast.M:Soundsgreat.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhereisJenniferworkingnow?A.Inacollege. B.Inahospital. C.Inadrugstore.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Whereareyouworkingnow,Jennifer?Stillinthehospital?W:No,IleftthehospitalandIrefusedthejobatthedrugstore.I’mworkingasateacherinamedicalcollegenow.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisdrivingtowork?AIt’snotbad. B.Thedistanceisalittlelong. C.Ittakeshimtoomuchtime.【答案】A【解析】原文】W:Doyouliveveryfarfromyouroffice?M:Well,thedistanceisabout20miles.Butitdoesn’tseemthatfartodrivetowork.Theroadisgoodandthere’snotmuchtraffic.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howwillthewomanpay?A.Incash. B.Bycheck. C.Bycreditcard.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Howmuchisit?M:$375.Willthatbecashorcreditcard?Wealsoacceptchecks.W:I’llpaybycreditcard.Idon’tcarrythatmuchcashwithme.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Howmuchistherentfortheextralargetentperday?A.$10. B.$50. C.$60.7.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Reserveatent. B.Lookforacampingsite. C.Changehercampingplan.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Ineedtorentanoutdoortentwhichisbigenoughforfourpeople.W:Thenyou’llneedourlargetent.Itcanberentedfor50dollarsperday.Butforanextra10dollars,youcanreserveourextralargetent.Itwilloffersomeadditionalstandingroomspace.M:Ithinkthat’sexactlywhatIneed.W:Great,butyou’llhavetoreserveatentatleastoneweekinadvance,forit’salittleshortofsupply.M:Noproblem!Ourcampingtripisnextmonth.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whodoesthemanwanttospeakto?A.MaryJones. B.JackStewart. C.DavidBowie.9.Whenwillthetrainingcoursestart?A.OnJune12th. B.OnJuly12th. C.OnJuly22nd.【答案】8.C9.B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,MaryJones.M:Hello.ThisisJackStewart.IsDavidBowiethere?W:No,I’msorry.Hehasjustlefttheoffice.M:Whenwillhebeback?W:NottillThursday.CanItakeamessage?M:Yes,thanks.ThisisJackStewarthere.Iwanttotalktohimaboutatrainingcourseheisinterestedin.ItwillstartonJuly12th,notonJuly22ndasoriginallyplanned.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.WhyisJeffattheairport?A.ToseeRyanoff. B.ToflytoLondon. C.Tomeetthewoman.11.WhydoesRyangotoParis?A.Todobusiness. B.Togosightseeing. C.Toreceiveeducation.12.WhatdoesJeffworryabout?A.Ryanmaymisshisflight.B.Theplanemaybedelayed.C.There’snotimetotalktoDaisy.【答案】10.A11.C12.A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Daisy.Fancymeetingyouhere.W:Hi,Jeff.I’mwaitingtocheckin.AreyouflyingtoLondon,too?M:No.I’mheretoseeRyanoff.He’sleavingforParistofurtherhiseducation.W:Wow!Howluckyheis!Parisissucharomanticcity!It’salsomydreamtostudyinParis!WhatwillbehismajorinParis,ifImayask?M:HewillstudyWesternArtthereandhesaysthatifpossible,healsowantstolearnmoderndancing.W:That’sgreat!Bytheway,whenisRyan’sflight?M:Hisplanetakesoffat14:15.Oh,mydear!It’sabouttocheckin!WhereisRyan?Whyhasn’theturnedupyet?What’shappenedtohim?He’sneverlate!W:Don’tworry.IthinkI’veseenhim.Look,Ryan’singtowardus.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whydidthewomanhavetostayatthebottomofthemountain?A.Shewaswornout. B.Shewasscaredofheights. C.Shelovedthescenerythere.14.Whatwasthewomandoingwhenshesawadolphin?A.Relaxingonthebeach. B.Sailinginaboat. C.Divingunderwater.15.Howlongdidittakethewomantogototheforest?A.Onehour. B.Twohours. C.Fourhours.16.Whathadthewomanneverdonebefore?A.Boating. B.Caveexploring. C.Rockclimbing.【答案】13.A14.C15.C16.B【解析】【原文】M:Sohowwasyouradventurevacation?W:Itwaswonderful!Thebeachesweregreat.Andtherewasarainforestandamountaininthecenteroftheislandwhereyoucouldgorockclimbing．M:Wow!Didyougoclimbing?W:Well,wewenttothebottomofthemountain,spentfourhoursgoingtotheforest,butthenIjustfelttootired,soIhadtostandatthebottomandwatchedtheothers．M:Idon’tblameyou.Sowhatelsedidyoudo?W:Ispentalotoftimeonthebeach.Itrieddiving.Itwasgreat!Oh,andIsawadolphinwhenIwasunderwater.M:Wow!Didyougobungeejumping?W:Iwantedto,butIrealizedIwasscaredofheights,soIjustgaveup.Quitebychance,theenginewasbrokenontheboat,sotheyhadtocallthesailingtripoff.M:That’sashame.Sowhatwasthemostexcitingpartofthetrip?W:Probablyexploringtheoldcaves.I’dneverdoneitbefore,andIthoughtitwasgreat．听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatcanwelearnabout“prom”?A.Itisaformalcelebration.B.Itisheldatthestartofcollege.C.ItisauniqueAmericantradition.18.Wheredidthe“prom”traditionstartaccordingtothewidelyacceptedbelief?A.InCanada. B.InAustralia. C.IntheUS.19.Whyis“prom”importantinstudents’lives?A.It’sasignofbeinganadult.B.It’sanopportunitytofindajob.C.Itmarkstheendoftheirschooling.20.Whowilltraditionallypayfortheticketsfor“prom”?A.Schools. B.Students. C.Parents.【答案】17.A18.C19.A20.B【解析】【原文】W:Itiswellknownthat“prom”,aformaldanceheldattheendofhighschoolorcollege,isanimportantdateineverystudent’slife.“Prom”meanstowalkaround,beautifullydressed,inordertoattractattention.Theideaisthatyoushouldseeandbeseenbyothers.“Prom”isnotjustanAmericantradition,thoughmostpeoplebelievethatitstartedinAmerica.InCanada,theeventiscalleda“formal”.InBritainandAustralia,theoldfashionedword“dance”ismoreandmoreoftenbeingreferredtoasa“prom”.Andforfinalschoolyearstudentsinallthesecountries,thiseventisthehighlightoftheschoolyear,justasitisintheUSA.Mostcountrieshavesomeformsofcelebrationwhenstudentsfinishhighschool.Afterall,itmarkstheendoflifeasachild,andthebeginningoflifeasanadult.“Prom”isexpensivetoorganizeandtheticketscancostthestudentsalotofmoney.Thetraditionisthatstudentsthemselveshavetoraisethemoneytopayforit.InsomeAmericanschools,studentunionssavefortheeventforthefouryearstheyspendinhighschool.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWeletoPrincetonPrincetonUniversityisavibrantuniversity.ItisthefourtholdestcollegeintheUnitedStatesandisanindependentinstitutionthatprovidesundergraduateandgraduateinstructionintheartsandhumanities,socialsciences,naturalsciences,andengineering.Asawellknownresearchuniversity,Princetonseekstoachievethehighestlevelsinthediscoveryandspreadofknowledgeandunderstanding.Atthesametime,Princetonisdistinctiveamongresearchuniversitiesinitsmitmenttoundergraduateteaching.AcademicsFaculty,includingfulltime,parttimeandvisiting:1,238（spring2019）Undergraduatestudenttofacultyrate：5:1Departments：36SchoolswithintheUniversity:SchoolofArchitecture,SchoolofEngineeringandAppliedScience,WoodrowWilsonSchoolofPublicandInternationalAffairs.LibraryPrincetonUniversityLibraryconsistsoftheFirestoneLibraryandninebuildingsacrosscampus.Thelibrary'scollectionsincludemorethan8millionbooksandimpressiverarebooks,printsandothermaterialsthatrequirespecialhandling.Thelibrary'sextensiveelectronicresourcesincludedatabasesandjournals,imagesanddigitalmaps.Exhibitionsfromthelibrary'srichcollectionsarefreeandopentothegeneralpublic.CampusLifeAvastrangeofcultural,educational,athleticandsocialactivitiesareavailabletoPrincetonstudents.GettinginvolvedincampuslifeisthequickestwaytobeeapartoftheUniversitymunity,andtocreateone'sownPrincetonexperience.Campuslifeactivitiesarebuiltaroundtheconceptsofencouragingeachmunitymembertodisplayhisorhertalentsandtolearntorespectallmembersofourmunity.AidProgramOuraidprogramisdesignedtoencourageallqualifiedstudents—regardlessoffinancialcircumstances—toconsiderapplyingforadmissiontoPrinceton.Anyfamily,whofeelstheymayneedhelptopayforaPrincetoneducationisweletoapplyforaid.Formoreinformation,pleasevisit:://princeton.edu.21.WhatmakesPrincetonUniversityoutstandingamongresearchuniversities?A.Itslonghistory. B.Itswiderangeofcourses.C.Itsambitiontobethebest. D.Itsundergraduateteaching.22.WhatcanyouenjoyasaPrincetonUniversitystudent?A.Freeundergraduateeducation.B.Freemembershipofsportsclubs.C.Accesstorarebooksanddatabases.D.MaterialbenefitsoftheUniversitymunity.23.TheaidprogramofPrincetonUniversityisintendedforAanypoorfamiliesinneedB.topstudentswithmoneyproblemC.studentsadmittedintouniversityD.qualifiedapplicantsunabletoaffordtopayforPrinceton【答案】21.D22.C23.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了普林斯顿大学的相关情况。【21题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“Atthesametime,Princetonisdistinctiveamongresearchuniversitiesinitsmitmenttoundergraduateteaching.”可知，与此同时，普林斯顿大学在研究型大学中独树一帜，致力于本科生教学。本科教学使普林斯顿大学在研究型大学中出类拔萃。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由Library中的“Thelibrary'scollectionsincludemorethan8millionbooksandimpressiverarebooks…Thelibrary'sextensiveelectronicresourcesincludedatabasesandjournals,imagesanddigitalmaps.”可知，普林斯顿大学的图书馆的馆藏包括800多万册图书以及令人赞叹的稀有书籍…….图书馆广泛的电子资源包括数据库和期刊、图像和数字地图。所以作为普林斯顿大学的学生，他们能享有使用稀有书籍和数据库的权利。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据AidProgram中的“Ouraidprogramisdesignedtoencourageallqualifiedstudents...Anyfamily,whofeelstheymayneedhelptopayforaPrincetoneducationisweletoapplyforaid.”可知，普林斯顿大学的援助计划旨在鼓励所有符合条件的学生。任何一个认为需要帮助来支付普林斯顿教育费用的家庭都可以申请援助。所以普林斯顿大学的援助计划是为那些符合条件的但没有能力支付普林斯顿大学学费的学生设置的。故选D项。BWhen12girlsfromSanFernandohighschoolinCaliforniareceivedagrant(助学金)todevelopaninventiontosolvearealworldproblem,theydecidedtocreateasolarpoweredshelter.Nowforoverayear,thegirlshavebeenworkingafterschoolandoverthewinterandspringbreakstopletetheirproject.“TheyhavethisamazingdrivethatI'veneverseenbefore,”saidVioletMardirosian,amathteacheratSanFernandoHigh.“Ithoughtatthebeginningthatmaybesomeofthemwouldgiveup,saying'Ididn'texpectthismuchwork,'buttheydon't.They'rejustworkinghardandthey'renotgivingup.”Livinginalowinemunity(社区),thegirlshaveseentheproblemofhomelessnessfirsthand,whichiswhytheychosethatpopulationtocreateaproductfor.Manyofthemarealsofromimmigrantfamiliesandhopethesolarpoweredsheltermighthelprefugees(难民).SeventeenyearoldMaggieMejiasaidthatwhileshehadnoengineeringexperience,thegirlsfiguredoutasateamhowtocreatetheprototype(雏形),usinghowtovideosandbooksthattaughtthemhowtocode.Butthemostimportantlessonshe'slearnedoverthecourseoftheprojectisn'ttechnical.“I'velearnedalotabouthelpingothers,helpingthemunityandshowingabetterworldtootherpeople,”shesaid.ThegirlshavebeeninvitedtoMITtoshowtheirinvention.MardirosiansaysalltheparticipatingstudentshaveexpressedinterestingoingintoSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)fieldsandthatstudentsfromlowergradesarealreadyexpressinginterestinbeinginvolvednextyear.Shesays,“Manyofthemdidn'tthinkaboutengineeringbefore.Theythoughtmaybethey'renotmadeouttobeanengineer.Butworkingtogether,nowtheyrealizethey'reallneededinthisfield.Everyonehasfoundtheirimportanceinthispicture.”24.WhydidMardirosianthinksomegirlswouldquitthesubject?A.Itwasnotpracticalinreallife.B.Itdemandedalotoftimeandenergy.C.Itwasnotsupportedbytheirmathteacher.D.Itrequiredalotofmoneyandexpertknowledge.25.Whydidthegirlsdecidetocreateasolarpoweredshelter?A.Tosaveenergy. B.Towinascholarship.C.Tohelpthehomeless. D.TobeadmittedtoMIT.26.AccordingtoMaggie,whatisthemostvaluablelessonshehaslearnedfromtheproject?A.Howtocode. B.Thepowerofteamwork.C.Thewaytoteachherself. D.Howtomaketheworldabetterplace.27.WhatdoesMardirosianthinkoftheproject?A.Ittaughtgirlstobeindependent. B.Itshouldbecontinuednextyear.C.Itinspiredgirls'interestinSTEM. D.Itshowedtheimportanceofengineering.【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。加州圣费尔南多高中的12名女孩获得了一项助学金时，她们决定建立一个太阳能避难所。文章介绍了她们进行该项目的原因和感受。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Ithoughtatthebeginningthatmaybesomeofthemwouldgiveup,saying‘Ididn’texpectthismuchwork”可知，Mardirosian认为有一些女孩子可能会放弃，说：“我没有料到会有这么多工作”。该句中的“muchwork”应该指完成这个项目所需要的大量时间和精力。故B选项切题。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Livinginalowinemunity(社区),thegirlshaveseentheproblemofhomelessnessfirsthand,whichiswhytheychosethatpopulationtocreateaproductfor.Manyofthemarealsofromimmigrantfamiliesandhopethesolarpoweredsheltermighthelprefugees(难民).”可知，生活在低收入的社区中，这些女孩们亲眼目睹了无家可归的问题，这就是为什么他们选择为无家可归的人创造产品的原因。他们中许多人也来自移民家庭，希望太阳能供电的住房可以帮助难民。综上，这些女孩子创造太阳能避难所是为了帮助这些无家可归的人。C选项正确。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Butthemostimportantlessonshe'slearnedoverthecourseoftheprojectisn'ttechnical.“I'velearnedalotabouthelpingothers,helpingthemunityandshowingabetterworldtootherpeople,”shesaid”可知，MaggieMejia认为，她学到的最重要的一点就是如何帮助他人，帮助社区，给其他人展示一个更好的世界。故结合选项，D选项切题：如何使世界变得更好。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“MardirosiansaysalltheparticipatingstudentshaveexpressedinterestingoingintoSTEM(science,technology,engineering,mathematics)fieldsandthatstudentsfromlowergradesarealreadyexpressinginterestinbeinginvolvednextyear”可知，马迪罗西安说，所有参与的学生都对进入STEM（科学、技术、工程、数学）领域表示兴趣，而来自较低级的学生们已经对明年参与该项目表示兴趣。由此可以推知，该项目激发了女孩们对于STEM领域的兴趣。故C选项正确。CGoingbacktoschoolcanbeananxioustimeformanystudents.ButoneinstitutioninTexasisdoingitsparttomakesuremiddleschoolersarereturningrefreshedandinspiredtolearn.Throughaprocesscalledthe"bathroominspirationproject,"teachersandadministratorsatWarrenMiddleSchool,spenttheirsummerbeautifyingtheschool'srestroomsbypaintingmotivationalmurals(壁画)oneachofthestalls(小隔间).Formingmessageslike"Yourmistakesdon'tdefineyou"and"Scatter(撒播)kindness,"thebrightlycoloredwordsareexactlywhatayoungstudentneedstoseewhenhavingaroughdayoranyschooldayforthatmatter.Andnowthatclassesareofficiallyinsession,peoplearealreadynoticingapositiveimpact.SincepostingphotosofupgradestotheschoolinJuly,PrincipalJoshuaGarciasaysthatthealterationshavearousedagreatresponse."Studentshavebeentalkingaboutthemuralsfromthemomentthepictureshadbeenposted.Someeventookthetimetofindareasontoeuptothecampustoseethemurals,"hesays."Ithinkwhatmakesthissmalllittleactionsovaluableisthatithassetthetoneforourcampus."Andnotonlyisthatimportanttostudents,parents,andfellowstaff,butitisalsovitalfortheschool'snewprincipal,whoistryingtogainthetrustofthemunityduringatimeinwhichtrustissonecessaryforschools."Beingnewtothecampus,IthinktheparentswereabletoseehowmuchIvaluetheirchildrenandhavetheirbestinterestatheart,”Garciacontinues.“Ihavehadmanyparentstellmehowtheycanjustfeeladifferenceinthecampusclimateandhowmuchtheyareenjoyingseeingtheirchildrenwantingtoehere.Thesemuralshaveputtrustbackinthecampusanditsteachers,andbydoingsoweareabletobuildacultureinwhichourstudentswanttobehereandlearn.”28.WhathashappenedatWarrenMiddleSchool?A.Paintinghasbeepopularamongmoststudents.B.Somestudentshavesufferedgreatanxietyatschool.C.Itstoiletshavebeenbeautifiedwithinspiringwords.D.Motivationalmuralshavebeenmadeineachclassroom.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"alterations”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Rules. B.Arguments. C.Changes. D.Opportunities.30.What'sstudentsandparents'attitudetowardthosemurals?A.Negative. B.Ambiguous. C.Uninterested. D.Supportive.31.WhatdoesGarciaintendtodoaccordingtothetext?A.Reduceincreasinganxiety.B.Buildanartisticatmosphere.C.Createatrustingenvironment.D.Introduceanewculturetosociety.【答案】28.C29.C30.D31.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。德克萨斯州的一所中学绘制卫生间文化墙,用正能量的语言激励学生,从而获得学生和家长的一致好评。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Throughaprocesscalledthe"bathroominspirationproject,"teachersandadministratorsatWarrenMiddleSchool,spenttheirsummerbeautifyingtheschool'srestroomsbypaintingmotivationalmuralsoneachofthestallsFormingmessageslike"Yourmistakesdon'tdefineyou"and"Scatterkindness,”（通过一个名为“浴室灵感工程”的项目，沃伦中学的老师和管理人员整个夏天都在美化学校的卫生间，在每个隔间上画励志壁画，形成“你的错误不能定义你”和“散布善意”这样的信息）可知,该中学用励志语言美化了卫生间的每一个小隔间。故选C。【29题详解】词义猜测题。根据上文thebrightlycoloredwordsareexactlywhatayoungstudentneedstoseewhenhavingaroughdayoranyschooldayforthatmatter.Andnowthatclassesareofficiallyinsession,peoplearealreadynoticingapositiveimpact.这些色彩鲜艳的话正是年轻学生在度过艰难的一天或任何一天的学校生活时所需要看到的。现在课程正式开课了，人们已经注意到了积极的影响。可知学校通过壁画这种形式改变了学校的氛围，获得了积极的影响，且根据本段划线单词前面的Sincepostingphotosofupgradestotheschool和后面的havearousedagreatresponse可推知,学校的这一改变也引起了大家好的反响。故划线部分单词alterations在此意为“改变”。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的Studentshavebeentalkingaboutthemuralsfromthemomentthepictureshadbeenposted.Someeventookthetimetofindareasontoeuptothecampustoseethemurals（从这些照片发布的那一刻起，学生们就一直在谈论这些壁画。有些人甚至找了个理由来到校园看壁画）以及最后一段中的Ihavehadmanyparentstellmehowtheycanjustfeeladifferenceinthecampusclimateandhowmuchtheyareenjoyingseeingtheirchildrenwantingtoehere（已经很多父母告诉我，他们能感受到校园气氛的不同，他们多么高兴看到自己的孩子想要来这里）可推知,学生和家长对学校的这一举措持支持态度。故选D。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的itisalsovitalfortheschool'snewprincipal,whoistryingtogainthetrustofthemunityduringatimeinwhichtrustissonecessaryorschools（这对学校的新校长来说也是至关重要的，因为在这个信任是如此必要的时期，他试图赢得社会或学校的信任）以及最后一段中Garcia所说的Thesemuralshaveputtrustbackinthecampus（这些壁画使校园重获信任）可推知,校长Garcia希望创建一个家长对学校充满信任的大环境。故选C。DAdoverestedonatelephonewire.Readyfortakeoff,itraisesitswings,springsintotheairandflapsaway.Thisseriesofactionsissomonthatyouprobablydonotpayitmuchattention.ButUniversityofManchesterbioinechanicalengineerBenParslewdoes.Heistryingtodesignrobotsthatcanjumplikebirds.Mostconventionalrobotsrollaroundonwheels,limitingmobility.Thereisaneedformoreagilerobotsthat"canjumpoverobstaclesinmessyenvironments,"Parslewsays.Todesignsuchamachine,heturnedtonature:"Birdsarereallygoodjumpers,"henotes.Thetroubleis,whenbirdsstarttotakeoff,theyleansofarforwardthattheyshouldtipoverandfallontotheirbeaks(喙).Yetthatdoesnothappen.Parslewandhisteamusedputermodelingtodiscoverhowbirdsavoidthisfate.Theydiscoveredthatbirdstwisttheirbodiesslightlytowardsthebackwhileacceleratingintoajump.Theyalsohaveflexiblelegsandtoejoints,whichpreventthemfromtakingoffbrieflyandimmediatelycrashingintotheground.TheresultwerepublishedlastOctoberinRoyalSocietyOpenScience.Parslewthinksengineerscanusethisinformationtodesignrobotsthatcannotonlyjumpwellbutalsolaunchintoflightmore.efficiently.UniversityofSouthernCaliforniabiomechanistMichaelHabib,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysspringsandlevers(杠杆)enablemorerapidaccelerationthanwheelsdo.Andmanyanimalsaremastersofspringsandlevers.“Ifyoucanunderstandhowthatworks,”Habibadds,“youcanbuildarobotthat'sgoodatrunningaroundandgoodatflying,anditwillalsobegoodattakingoffsuddenlyinallkindsofconditionsandlandingonadime.”Parslewisnowdesigningsucharobot,asanalternativetowheeledroversforexploringotherplanets.32.WhatisrightaboutthedovementionedinParagraph1?A.Ittakesoffverybeautifully. B.Itcatcheseveryone'sattention.C.ItgivesBenParslewinspiration. D.ItraisesBenParslew’scuriosity.33.Whatcanweinferaboutthetraditionalrobots?A.Theycan'tjumpoverbarriers. B.Theycanonlymoveinonedirection.C.Theycan'tdetectbarriersbeforethem. D.Theycan'tadapttoplexenvironments.34.Howdoesabirdavoidfallingwhentakingoff?A.Bygettingridofgravity. B.Byflappingitswingshard.C.Byspinningitsbodybackward. D.Byjumpingintotheairquickly.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Birdsprovideinspiration.forhumans.B.Newrobotsthatcanjumphavebeencreated.C.ThedevelopmentofrobotsbenefitsspaceexploreD.Studyingbirds'jumpinghelpsscientistbuildbetterrobots.【答案】32.C33.A34.C35.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍通过研究鸟类跳跃，有助于科学家制造更好的机器人。【32题详解】细节理解题。依据第一段Thisseriesofactionsissomonthatyouprobablydonotpayitmuchattention.ButUniversityofManchesterbioinechanicalengineerBenParslewdoes.Heistryingtodesignrobotsthatcanjumplikebirds.可知，鸽子起飞时一系列动作给曼彻斯特大学生物力学工程师本·帕尔斯特以启发，尝试设计能像鸟一样跳跃的机器人。故选C。【33题详解】推理判断题。依据第二段Mostconventionalrobotsrollaroundonwheels,limitingmobility.Thereisaneedformoreagilerobotsthat"canjumpoverobstaclesinmessyenvironments,"Parslewsays.可知，大多数传统机器人都是靠轮子滚动的，这限制了它们的机动性，不能够在混乱的环境中跳过障碍。从而推测，传统的机器人是不能够跳越障碍的。故选A。【34题详解】细节理解题。依据第三段Theydiscoveredthatbirdstwisttheirbodiesslightlytowardsthebackwhileacceleratingintoajump.Theyalsohaveflexiblelegsandtoejoints,whichpreventthemfromtakingoffbrieflyandimmediatelycrashingintotheground.他们发现，鸟类在加速跳跃时，身体会向背部轻微扭转，并且有灵活的腿和脚趾关节，从而避免坠落。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。综合文章第一段Heistryingtodesignrobotsthatcanjumplikebirds.后及最后一段可知，文章主要介绍通过研究鸟类跳跃，有助于科学家制造更好的机器人。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Campingessentials(必需品)Campingcanbeafunandcheapfamilyactivityorvacation.Butyoudoneedquiteafewsuppliestomanagelifeinthegreatoutdoors.___36___.Andremembertocheckyourcampingessentials.TentUnlessyou’resleepingunderthestarsoryouhaveacamperoranRV,don’tforgettheobviousone:atent!Checkthemeasurementsanduserreviewswhenyouarebuyingone.SleepingBagandPillowEveniftheweatherlookshotforyourcampingtrip,bringasleepingbagforeverycamper.Withoutapillow,youwouldbefacingarockynight’ssleep.___37___.___38___Flashlightsareanothercampingitem.Bringmultipleflashlightsandextrabatteries,andalsoconsiderbuyingacampinglantern.Lanternsaregreatbecausetheyshedmorelightinalldirectionsandstandontheirownsothatyoucanplaycardsorgamesatnight.TheAntiitchCreamKeepawayfrommosquitoes,blackfliesandotherbiters.Don’tforgettheantiitchcreamtoapplyafterinsectbites.___39___.Askdoctorsforwhichproductstouse.CampfireSuppliesMatchesstoredinaplasticbag,dryfirewoodanddrynewspapersareallyouneedforacampfire.___40___.Eachcampfireshouldhaveitsownstonecampfirespotandmanyalsoprovideacastironshelfforcookingon.Inaddition,thereareothercampingessentials,suchaskitchenitems,bottledfoodandwater,toiletpaper,firstaidkits,andbooksandgames.Alltheabovecanenrichyouroutdoorcamping.ACardsorgamesB.FlashlightsandlanternsC.KidsalsolikehavingapillowforthelongcarrideD.Bringclothesforalltypesofweather,fromhottorainydaysE.Findoutwhatyou’llneedtopackforyourcampingadventureF.YouandyourkidscandoaquickhuntfordrywoodforyourfireG.Justkeepinmindthatmanysprayscontainhighlevelsofchemicals【答案】36.E37.C38.B39.G40.F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。露营可以是一种既有趣又便宜的家庭活动或假期。文章就露营需要携带的物品给出了五点建议。【36题详解】根据上文Butyoudoneedquiteafewsuppliestomanagelifeinthegreatoutdoors.可知你确实需要一些用品来应对户外生活。可知下文应是继续建议：找出你需要为你的野营冒险准备的东西。故选E。【37题详解】根据上文Withoutapillow,youwouldbefacingarockynight’ssleep.没有枕头，夜晚你将睡不好。关键词pillow可对应到C选项中havingapillow，意思是：孩子们也喜欢在长途汽车旅行时有一个枕头。故选C。【38题详解】根据下文第一句Flashlightsareanothercampingitem.可知提到了手电筒是另一种露营用品。故本段为建议带上手电筒或者提灯等照明设备，故选B。【39题详解】根据上文Don’tforgettheantiitchcreamtoapplyafterinsectbites.可知别忘了在被昆虫叮咬后使用止痒霜。以及后文Askdoctorsforwhichproductstouse.询问医生使用哪些产品。可知是因为许多喷雾剂含有高浓度的化学物质，因此在使用前要咨询医生的意见，故选G。【40题详解】根据上文Matchesstoredinaplasticbag,dryfirewoodanddrynewspapersareallyouneedforacampfire.可知火柴储存在塑料袋里，干柴和干报纸是你生火所需要的一切。提到了campfire可对应到F选项中foryourfire，意思为：你和你的孩子可以快速寻找干木头来生火。故选F。第三部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Iwon’tforgetmyvoluntaryexperienceawhileback.Italwaysremindsmewhatpeopletrulyneedisnotalwaysso___41___.Thisstoryisalessonwhichhasstayedwithmeandhelpedmeeversince.ItwasThanksgivingandIwasvolunteeringwithmymotherata___42___fortheneedy.Westoodbehindthecounter___43___foodtowhoevercamein.Itseemedthatmostofourdinershadbeenhaving___44___times.Theirclotheswereragged,wornanddry;theywerehungryandtired.___45___,theylookedneedy!Whenwewerebusywiththeunluckyfellows,awelldressedmancameinwholooked___46___butpoor.Iwonderedwhathewasdoingthereandmyjawdroppedin___47___whenhejoinedthelineforfood.Thecloserhecametomyservicestation,themoreImuttered.Whatwasthismandoing?Iwantedtoknow.Surelyhewasn’tgoingtotakethefood___48___forthosereallyinneed!Hehadsmalltalkswith___49___andthelookonhisfacesuggestedthathejustwishedto___50___beingalone.Thenmymother___51___tookmetooneside,saying,“Youhave___52___thattheneedsofthepeoplewhoeheremus