2016江苏高考英语试卷

2015江苏高考英语试卷二、单选21.Thenumberofsmokers,______isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinthepastoneyear.A.itB.whichC.thatD.as22.Schoolsshouldbelivelyplaceswhereindividualsareencouragedto_____totheirgreatestpotential.A.accelerateB.improveC.performD.develop23.–Jim,canyouworkthisSunday?--_____?I’vebeenworkingtwoweeksonend.A.WhymeB.WhynotC.WhatifD.Sowhat24.Muchtime______sittingatadesk,officeworkersaregenerallytroubledbyhealthproblems.A.beingspentB.havingspentC.spentD.spending25._____LiBai,agreatChinesepoet,wasbornisknowntothepublic,butsomewon’tacceptitA.ThatB.WhyC.WhereD.How26.Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutside______fullycoveredinthickclothes.A.ifB.unlessC.onceD.when27.Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramsto_______thecountry’sSilkRoadEconomicBelt.A.applytoB.caterforC.appealtoD.huntfor28.Itmighthavesavedmemuchtrouble______theschedule.A.didIknowB.haveIknownC.doIknowD.hadIknown29.Thewholeteam______CristianoRonald0,andheseldomletthemdown.A.waitonB.focusonC.countonD.callon30.Thereasonwhyprices______,andstillare,toohighiscomplex,andnoshortdiscussioncansatisfactorilycanexplainthisproblem.A.wereB.willbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen31.Thepoliceofficersdecidedtoconductathorough,and______reviewofthecase.A.comprehensiveB.complicatedC.consciousD.crucial32.Someschoolswillhavetomake_______inagreementwiththenationalsocialreform.A.judgmentsB.adjustmentsC.commentsD.achievements33.–Whydidn’tyouinviteJohntoyourbirthdayparty?--Well,youknowhe’s______.A.anearlybirdB.awetblanketC.aluckydogD.atoughnut34.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound_______ThomasEdison.A.thankstoB.regardlessofC.asidefromD.butfor35.–Goandsaysorrytoyourmom,Dave?--I’dliketo,butI’mafraidMomwon’tbehappywithmy______.A.requestsB.excusesC.apologiesD.regrets三、完形填空IwasrequiredtoreadoneofBernieSiegel’sbooksincollegeandwashookedonhispositivityfromthemomenton.Thestoriesofhisunconventional___36___andtheexceptionalpatientshewroteaboutwereso___37____tomeandhadsuchabig____38_____onhowIsawlifefromthenon.WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto___39___myowncancerexperience?I’mambitious__40___,andwhenIstartedgoingthroughchemo(化疗),eventhoughI’mavery__41__person,Ilostmydrivetowrite.Iwasjusttootiredandnotinthe___42__.Oneday,whilewantingtogoinfor__43__,IhadoneofDr.Bernie’sbooksinmyhand.Anotherpatient___44__whatIwasreadingandstruckupaconversationwithme___45____hehadoneofhisbookswithhimaswell.It____46____thatamongotherthings,hewasaneighty-one-year-oldwriter.Hewas___47____apublishedauthor,andhewascurrently___48____onanewbook.Wewouldseeeachotheratvarioustimesand___49_____friends.Sometimesheworeaduckhat,andIwouldtellmyself,hewasdefinitelya(n)____50____ofDr.Bernie.Hereallyputa__51__onmyface.Heunfortunately___52__lastyearduetohiscancer,___53___heleftadeepimpressiononme….The__54__topickupmypenagain.I___55___tomyself,“Ifhecandoit,thensocanI.”36.A.tastesB.ideasC.notesD.memories37.A.amazingB.shockingC.amusingD.strange38.A.strikeB.pushC.challengeD.impact39.A.learnfromB.gooverC.getthroughD.referto40.A.readerB.writerC.editorD.doctor41.A.positiveB.agreeableC.humourousD.honest42.A.moodB.positionC.stateD.way43.A.adviceB.referenceC.protectionD.treatment44.A.viewedB.knewC.noticedD.wondered45.A.whileB.becauseC.althoughD.providing46.A.carriedoutB.workedoutC.provedoutD.turnedout47.A.naturallyB.merelyC.hopefullyD.actually48.A.decidingB.investingC.workingD.relying49.A.becameB.helpedC.missedD.visited50.A.patientB.operatorC.fanD.publisher51.A.signB.smileC.markD.mask52.A.showedupB.setoffC.felldownD.passedaway53.A.sinceB.butC.soD.for54.A.guidanceB.trustC.opportunityD.inspiration55.A.promisedB.sworeC.thoughtD.replied四、阅读理解AVisitorCodeArrivewithnothingthatcanharmNewZealandIfyouarearrivingfromoverseas,bringnofood,animalorplantmaterialintothecountry.IfindoubtdeclareittoCustoms.ProtectplantsandanimalsNeverallowdogsorotherpetstorunfreelyinareasofnestingbirds,otherwildlife,orwheresighposted.GetridofrubbishAlwaysgetridofyourrubbishproperlyandrecyclewaste(e.g.glass,paper)wherepossible.BeconsideratewithotherwasteIfusingaportabletoiletalwaysthrowawayyourtoiletwasteataproperwastestation.Inthebackcountry,buryyourtoiletwasteinashallowholeawayfromwaterway.KeepNewZealand’swatercleanBecausesoapsandotherwastescanharmwaterways,becarefulyourwashingwaterdoesn’tpollutethesealakesandrivers.TakecarewithfiresAlwaysobservedistrictfirebans.Becarefulifyousmokeorhaveanoutdoorfireorbarbecue--makesureashesarecoldbeforeleaving.CamporpicniccarefullyWhencampingorpicnicking,usefacilitiesprovided.KeeptothetrackKeeptothetrack,whereoneexists,soyoulessenthechanceofdamagingfragileplants.BeconsiderateWhendriving,minimizenoiseandobservenosmokingsigns.56.AccordingtoVisitorCode,visitorscouldact_______.A.withcareandrespectB.withreliefandpleasureC.withcautionandcalmnessD.withattentionandobservation57.WhatareyouencouragedtodowhentravellinginNewZealand?A.Takeyourowncampingfacilities.B.Buryglassfarawayfromrivers.C.Followthetrackforthesakeofplants.D.Observesignstoapproachnestingbirds.BIntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncell-phonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cell-phonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikecomputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasageneral.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallincomparisontotraditionalwaste,theconcentration(含量)ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalwashigherinso-callede-wastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachine…andtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecycledprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecell-phone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackagingitcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts---aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste---allresultingreenhouserelease.Individualscanmakecontributionsbycreatinglesswasteat…buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountries,theconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive(动机)forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplace?Governments’incentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyprocessshouldbebasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibletodealwiththebubblewrap(气泡垫)thatencasedyourtelevision?Fromthegovernments’pointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtax-payersbacktotheproducers.58.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendedtotellus________.A.theweightofe-goodsisrathersmallB.e-wastedeservestobemadegooduseofC.naturalmaterialscontainsmorepreciousmetalsD.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyine-waste59.Theresponsibilityofe-wastetreatmentshouldbeextended______.A.fromproducerstogovernmentsB.fromgovernmentstoproducersC.fromindividualstodistributorsD.fromtogovernments60.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Theincreaseine-wasteB.Thecreationofe-wasteC.Theseriousnessofe-wasteD.Themanagementofe-wasteCSupposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestsinthework.Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetstarted.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiencesandtodevelopsocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeetthoseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.“IvolunteerbecauseI’mpreparedtodoso.”)Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivityamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowedvolunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionsasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsupportyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwiththestrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience.”Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonal…bemorelikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichsocialrolemattersbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringathospitalsisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfocusedapositivecohesion(正相关)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthsoftimepeoplecontributedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedefforttofocusondevelopingvolunteerroleidentity.”61.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof__________.A.academicrequirementsB.socialexpectationsC.financialrewardsD.internalneeds62.WhatcanwelearnfromFloridastudy?A.Followupstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.C.Volunteertrainingisamustinresearch.D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.63.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.individualdifferencesinroleidentity.B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirt.C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.64.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtogetpeopletovolunteerB.HowtostudyvolunteerbehaviorC.Howtokeepvolunteers’D.Howtoorganizevolunteers’activitiesDFreedomandResponsibilityFreedom’schallengeinthedigitalAgeisaserioustopic.Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.Some2,500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwerebothtyrannies,oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses.InGreece,inAthens,alittlecityinalittlecountry,therewerenohelplessmasses.AndAthenianswillinglyobeyedthewrittenlawswhichtheythemselvespassed,andtheunwritten,whichmustbeobeyediffreemenlivetogether.Theymustshoweachotherkindnessandpityandthemanyqualitieswithoutwhichlifewouldbeverypainfulunlessonechosetolivealoneinthedesert.TheAtheniansneverthoughtthatamanwasfreeifhecoulddowhathewanted.Amanwasfreeifhewasself-controlled.Tomakeyourselfobeywhatyouapprovedwasfreedom.Theyweresavedfromlookedattheirlivesastheirownprivateaffair.EachonefeltresponsibleforthewelfareofAtheniansnotbecauseitwasforcedonhimfromtheoutside,butbecausethecitywashisprideandhissafety.Theessentialbeliefofthefirstfreegovernmentintheworldwaslibertyforallmenwhocouldcontrolthemselvesandwouldtakeresponsibilityforthestate.Butdiscoveringfreedomisnotlikediscoveringcomputers.Itcannotbediscoveredonceforall.Ifpeopledonotprizeit,andworkforit,itwillgo.Constantwatchisitsprice.Athenschanged.Itwasachangethattookplacewithoutbeingnoticedthoughitwasoftheextremeimportance,aspiritualchangewhichaffectedthewholestate.IthadbeentheAthenians’prideandjoytogivetotheircity.Thattheycouldgetmaterialbenefitsfromherneverenteredtheirmind.Therehadtobeacompletechangeofattitudebeforetheycouldlookatthecityasanemployerwhopaidhercitizensfrodoingherwork.Nowinsteadofmengivingtothestate,thestatewastogivetothem.Whatpeoplewantedwasagovernmentwhichwouldprovideacomfortablelifeforthem,andwiththisastheprimaryobject,ideasoffreedomandself-relianceandresponsibility…tothepointofdisappearing.Athenswasmoreandmorelookedonasacooperativebusinesspossessedofgreatwealthinwhichallcitizenshadarighttoshare.Athensreachedthepointwhenthefreedomshereallywantedwasfreedomfromresponsibility.Therecouldbeonlyoneresult.Ifmeninsistedonbeingfreefromtheburdenofself-dependenceandresponsibilityforthecommongood,theywouldceasetobefree.Responsibilityisthepriceeverymanmustpayforfreedom.Itistobehadonotherterms.Athens,theAthensofAncientGreece,refusedresponsibility;shereachedtheendoffreedomandwasnevertohaveitagain.But,theexcellentbecomesthepermanent,Aristotlesaid.Athenslost,butfreedomwasnotlostforeverfortheworld.AgreatAmerican,JamesMadisonreferredto“Thecapacityofmankindforself-government”.NodoubthehadnotanideathathewasspeakingGreek.Athenswasnotinthefarthestbackgroundofhismind,butonceamanhasagreatandgoodidea,itisnevercompletelylost.ThedigitalAgecannotdestroyit.Somehowinthisorthatwaythoughtsuchanidealivesthoughunconsideredbytheworldofaction.Onecanneverbesurethatitisnotonthepointofbreakingoutintoactiononlysurethatitwilldososometime.65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?A.CountrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelpB.PowerfulstateswithhappinessC.SplendidstateswherepeopleenjoyfreedomD.Empiresruledwithabsolutepower66.Peoplebelievinginfreedomarethosewho_______.A.regardtheirlifeastheirownbusinessB.regardfreedomastheirprimaryobjectC.behavewithinlawsandvaluesystemD.treatotherswithkindnessandpity67.WhatchangeinattitudetookplaceinAthens?A.TheAtheniansrefusedtotaketheirresponsibility.B.TheAtheniansnolongertookprideinthecity.C.TheAtheniansbenefitedspirituallyfromthegovernment.D.TheAthenianslookedonthegovernmentasabusiness.68.Whatdoesthesentence“Therecouldbeonlyoneresult”inParagraph5mean?A.Athenswouldcometoanend.B.Athenswouldceasetohavefreedom.C.Freedomwouldcomefromresponsibility.D.FreedomwouldstopAthensfromself-dependence.69.WhydoestheauthorrefertoAristotleandMadison?A.Theauthorishopefulaboutfreedom.B.Theauthoriscautiousaboutself-government.C.TheauthorisskepticalofGreececivilization.D.Theauthorisproudoftheman’scapacity.70.Whatistheauthor’sunderstandingoffreedom?A.Freedomcanbemorepopularindigitalage.B.Freedommaycometoanendinthedigitalage.C.Freedomshouldhaveprivacyoverresponsibility.D.Freedomneedstobeguaranteedbyresponsibility.任务型阅读Peopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwhatofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,andhealth.Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofsecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue”.Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesarenotstable.Forexample,asociologistmayreadnewsofcrimeasasocialproblem,ratherthanforitsimmediatereward.Acoachmayreadasportsstoryforitsthreatvalue:hemayhavetoplaythatteamnextweek.Apoliticianmayreadanaccountofhislatestsuccessfulpublicmeeting,notforitsdelayedreward,butverymuchashiswifereadsanaccountofaparty.Inanygivenstoryfcorruptionordisaster,athoughtfulreadermayreceivenotonlytheimmediaterewardofindirectexperience,butalsothedelayedrewardofinformationandpreparedness.Therefore,whilethedivisionofcategoriesholdsingeneral,anindividual’stendencymaytransferanystoryfromonekindofreadingtoanother,ordividetheexperiencebetweenthetwokindsofreward.Whatnewsstoriesdoyouread?DivisionofnewsstoriesPeopleexpecttoget(71)_________fromreadingnews.Newsstoriesareroughlydividedintotwoclasses.Somenewswillexciteth