2024年高考英语微专题练习58短文改错+阅读理解含解析

PAGEPAGE7练习58短文改错＋阅读理解Ⅰ.短文改错2024·包头四中月考★★★☆☆IbegandivingsinceIwasabout12.IactuallearnedtodiveinmyhometownwhenIwasinholiday.Myparentswentthereexploretheundergroundlakes.MybrotherandIaresittingaroundonthebeach,gettingbored,sowetookadivingcourse.Thenwedidourfirstdiveinthe“easy”lakeswhilemyparentwereexploringthedangerousplaces.Itwasn'tdeeplyundergroundandthesunwasbeingshininginthroughanopeningintheroofofthecave.Itwasreallycalmbutbeautiful.Ifeltlikestayinghereallday!Ⅱ.阅读理解A2024·浙江卷1月争论文300词★★★★☆Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineernamedJohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.Hispredictionsaboutslowingpopulationgrowth,mobilephonesandincreasingheightwereclosetothemark.Buthewaswronginoneprediction:thateverybodywouldwalk10milesaday.Today,inAustralia,mostchildrenonaveragefall2，000stepsshortofthephysicalactivitytheyneedtoavoidbeingoverweight.Intheearly1970s,40percentofchildrenwalkedtoschool,whilein2010,itwasaslowas15percent.Thedeclineisnotbecausewehaveallbecomelazy.Familiesarepressedfortime,manywithbothparentsworkingtopayfortheirhouse,oftenworkinghoursnotoftheirchoosing,livingincar­dependentneighborhoodswithlimitedpublictransport.Theothersideofthecoinisequallyadeprivation:forhealthandwell­being,aswellaslostopportunities(机会)forchildrentogettoknowtheirlocalsurroundings.Andforparentstherearelostopportunitiestowalkandtalkwiththeiryoungscholarabouttheirday.Mostparentswillhaveeagerlyaskedtheirchildabouttheirday,onlytomeetwitha“good”，quicklyfollowedby“I'mhungry”.Thisisalsomyexperienceasamother.Butsomewhereoverthedailywalkmoreaboutmyson'sdaycomesout.Ihearhimmakingsenseoffriendshipanditslimits.Thisistheunexpectedandrareparentalopportunitytohearmore.Manyprimaryschoolssupportwalkingschool­busroutes(路途),withdaysofregular,parent­accompaniedwalks.Doingjustoneoftheseafewtimesaweekisbetterthannothing.Itcanbetoughtobeginandtakesalittleplanning—runningshoesbythefrontdoor,lunchesmadethenightbefore,umbrellasonrainydaysandhatsonhotones—butit'scertainlyworthtrying.1．WhydoestheauthormentionWatkins'predictionsinthefirstparagraph?A．Tomakecomparisons.B．Tointroducethetopic.C．Tosupportherargument.D．Toprovideexamples.2．WhathascausedthedecreaseinAustralianchildren'sphysicalactivity?A．Plainlaziness.B．Healthproblems.C．Lackoftime.D．Securityconcerns.3．Whydoestheauthorfindwalkingwithhersonworthwhile?A.Shecangetrelaxedafterwork.B．Shecankeepphysicallyfit.C．Shecanhelpwithherson'sstudy.D.Shecanknowhersonbetter.B全国卷Ⅰ说明文307词★★★★☆Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee­spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow­costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic­likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.4．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?A.Toreducepressureonkeys.B．ToimproveaccuracyintypingC．Toreplacethepasswordsystem.D．Tocutthecostofe­spaceprotection.5．Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?A．Computersaremucheasiertooperate.B．Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.C．Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.D．Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.6．Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?A．It'llbeenvironment­friendly.B．It'llreachconsumerssoon.C．It'llbemadeofplastics.D．It'llhelpspeeduptyping.7．Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?A．Adiary.B．Aguidebook.C．Anovel.D．Amagazine.答题策略短文改错——词语辨析常见词语辨析错误①many修饰或代替可数名词复数；much修饰或代替不行数名词②“时间段＋ago”相对现在多久以前；“时间段＋before”相对过去多久以前③some用于确定句；any用于疑问句和否定句④so与very均可修饰形容词或副词的原级，much多修饰比较级，verymuch修饰动词⑤ever“从来，在任何时候，曾经”；never“从来不”⑥latest为形容词，意为“最新的”；later作副词表示“较晚地；后来”，与表示时间的词连用，表示“……之后”⑦beside为介词，表示“在……旁边”；besides为副词，表示“除此以外”⑧usedtodosth.“过去常常做某事”；beusedtodoingsth.“习惯做某事”⑨no相当于nota或notany；not否定动词练习58阅读理解＋读后续写Ⅰ.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。1．答案与解析：C细微环节理解题。依据文章其次段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助削减儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童削减肥胖，爱护儿童健康。故选C项。2．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“Itcomesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避开纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。3．答案与解析：D细微环节理解题。依据第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milk­baseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallcompaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝变更，因为担忧会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。4．答案与解析：B推理推断题。依据文章最终一段中“Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.(依据一位政府官员的说法，今日的数据显示了糖税的主动影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个胜利的政策。故选B项。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。应用今日的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路平安牢靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节约数十亿欧元。5．答案与解析：A推理推断题。依据文章其次段“Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh­tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路途路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机在高空工作的实力使无人机应用于铁路途路成为可能。故选A。6．答案与解析：C词义揣测题。依据后文“ItiscalculatedthatEuropeanrailwaysalonespendapproximately20billioneurosayearonmaintenance,includingsendingmaintenancestaff,oftenatnight,toinspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure.(据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括常常在夜间派遣修理人员检查和修理铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspectandrepairtherailinfrastructure(检查和修理铁路基础设施)”，由此可知“Thatincludeshugesavingsinmaintenancecostsandbetterprotectionofrailwaypersonnelsafety”是指大幅节约检修成本和更好地爱护铁路人员平安，划线词和C项：Inspectionandrepair(检修)含义相近。故选C。7．答案与解析：A推理推断题。依据文章最终一段“VerysmalldroneswithadvancedsensorsandAIandtravellingaheadofthetraincouldguideitlikeaco­pilot.Withtheirabilitytoseeahead,theycouldsignalanyproblem,sothatfast­movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的特别小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借他们的预见实力，他们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够刚好做出反应。)”可知对于无人机期盼的功能是提前发觉问题做出预警。故选A。8．答案与解析：D主旨大意题。依据文章主题段第一段“Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday's“eyesinthesky”technologytomakingsurethatthemillionsofkilometersofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路平安牢靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节约数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今日的“空中之眼”技术的将来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候平安运行。)”以及后文其次段讲到了运用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路途路成为可能；第三段讲到了运用无人机大幅节约维护成本和更好地爱护铁路人员平安；第四段讲到了通过运用最新的技术，无人机还可以起先为铁路供应更高的价值，可知文章主要讲解并描述了无人机将如何变更铁路的将来，所以D项“无人机将如何变更铁路的将来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。Ⅱ.读后续写Onepossibleversion：Gilleecepaidtwodiverstosearchthew