（湖北专用）高考英语一轮复习 专题十五 主旨大意

专题十五主旨大意Passage1(湖北,B)体裁:议论文词数:381Londonsnewestskyscraper(摩天大楼)iscalledtheShardanditcostabout430millionpoundstobuild.Ataheightofalmost310metres,itisthetallestbuildinginEurope.TheShardhascompletelychangedtheappearanceofLondon.However,noteveryonethinksthatitisachangeforthebetter.TheShardwasdesignedbythefamousItalianarchitectRenzoPiano.WhenhebegandesigningtheShardforLondon,Pianowantedaverytallbuildingthatlookedlikeaspire(尖顶).Hewantedtheglasssurfacestoreflecttheskyandthecity.Thesidesofthebuildingarentregular.Sothebuildinghasanunusualshape.Itlookslikeaverythin,sharppieceofbrokenglass.Andthatishowthebuildinggotthename:theShard.PianosaysthatthespireshapeoftheShardispartofagreatLondontradition.TheshaperemindshimofthespiresofthechurchesofLondonorthetallmasts(桅杆)oftheshipsthatwereonceontheriverThames.TheShardhas87floors.Atthetop,thereisanobservatory.Atthemomentthebuildingisempty,buteventuallytherewillbeafive-starhotel.Therewillalsobetopqualityrestaurants,apartmentsandoffices.Beforebuildingworkbegan,alotofpeopledidntwanttheShardthoughtheplanswereapproved.NowtheyarestillunhappyabouttheShard.SomecriticssaythatsuchatallskyscrapermightbegoodinacitylikeNewYork,butnotinLondon.TheysaythatthebestthingabouttheShardisitsspireshape.Butthatistheonlything.Thereisnodecoration,onlyflatsurfaces.TheEgyptiansdidthat4,500yearsago.TheyalsothinktheShardistoobigforLondon.Itdestroysthebeautyofthecity.OthercriticsdontlikewhattheShardseemstorepresent.TheysaythattheShardshowshowLondonisbecomingmoreunequal.Onlyveryrichpeoplecanaffordtobuytheexpensiveprivateapartmentsandstayinthehotel.ButthepeoplewholiveneartheShardareamongthepoorestinLondon.SotheShardseemsasymbolofthedivisioninsocietybetweentheveryrichandthepoor.TheShardnowdominatestheLondonskyline.Itisnotcertain,however,thatordinaryLondoncitizenswilleveracceptitasavaluableadditiontothecity.1.LondonsnewestskyscraperiscalledtheShardbecauseof.

A.itssize B.itscostC.itsshape D.itsheight2.WhenhedesignedtheShard,Pianowanteditto.

A.changeLondonsskylineB.inheritLondonstraditionC.imitatetheEgyptianstyleD.attractpotentialvisitors3.ThecriticswhorefertosocialdivisionthinktheShard.

A.isonlypreferredbytherichB.isfarawayfromthepoorareaC.isintendedforwealthypeopleD.ispopularonlywithLondoners4.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheShard:CheersandClapsB.TheShard:WorkofaGreatArchitectC.TheShard:NewSymbolofLondon?D.TheShard:AChangefortheBetter?答案[语篇解读]本文为议论文。题材为社会文化类。文章主要介绍了人们对伦敦新建的摩天大楼theShard的不同看法。1.C2.B3.C4.DPassage2(课标Ⅱ,A)体裁:记叙文词数:269ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotelforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.Duringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewentoutonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecamebackinthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthesuitcasehadallhisimportantpapers,includinghispassport.Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinastrangecity,thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganisedagainfromadistantcountrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.Lateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemyhusbandsnameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapersintheirtrashcan(垃圾桶)thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparentshadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthedocuments.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.1.WhatdidRashidplantodoafterhisarrivalinSydney?A.Goshopping. B.Findahouse.C.Joinhisfamily. D.Takeavacation.2.ThegirlsparentsgotRashidsphonenumberfrom.

A.afriendofhisfamily B.aSydneypolicemanC.aletterinhispapers D.astrangerinSydney3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Showed. B.Sentout. C.Delivered. D.Gaveback.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FromIndiatoAustralia. B.LivinginaNewCountry.C.TurningTrashtoTreasure. D.InSearchofNewFriends.答案[语篇解读]本文为记叙文,题材是人物故事类。从印度来到悉尼的第一个星期,作者的丈夫Rashid的手提箱被盗,里面装有重要文件,包括护照,在这个举目无亲的陌生城市里,他会得到帮助吗?1.B2.C3.D4.CPassage3(北京,C)体裁:议论文词数:388ChoosingtheRightResolution(决定)MillionsofAmericansbeganwiththesameresolutiontheystartedwith,agoaloflosingweight.However,settingweightlossasagoalisamistake.Toreachourgoaloflosingweight—theoutput,weneedtocontrolwhatweeat—theinput(输入).Thatis,wetendtocareabouttheoutputbutnottocontroltheinput.Thisisabadwaytoconstructgoals.Thealternativeistofocusyourresolutionontheinput.Insteadofresolvingtoloseweight,tryanactionableresolution:“Illstophavingdessertforlunch,”or“Illwalkeverydayfor20minutes.”Creatingagoalthatfocusesonawell-specifiedinputwilllikelybemoreeffectivethanconcentratingontheoutcome.Recentlyanewsciencebehindincentives(激励),includingineducation,hasbeendiscussed.Forexample,researcherRolandFryerwantedtoseewhatworksbestinmotivatingchildrentodobetterinschool.Insomecases,hegavestudentsincentivesbasedoninput,likereadingcertainbooks,whileinothers,theincentiveswerebasedonoutput,likeresultsonexams.Hismainfindingwasthatincentivesincreasedachievementwhenbasedoninputbuthadnoeffectwhenbasedonoutput.Fryersconclusionwasthattheincentivesforinputsmightbemoreeffectivebecausestudentsdonotknowhowtodobetteronanexam,asidefromgeneralruleslike“studyharder”.Readingcertainbooks,ontheotherhand,isawell-settaskoverwhichtheyhavemuchmorecontrol.Aslongasyouhavedirectcontroloveryourgoal,youhaveamuchhigherchanceofsuccess.Anditseasiertostartagainifyoufail,becauseyouknowexactlywhatyouneedtodo.Ifyouwanttocutdownonyourspending,agoodgoalwouldbemakingmorningcoffeeathomeinsteadofgoingtoacafé,forexample.Thisisawell-specifiedaction-basedgoalforwhichyoucanmeasureyoursuccesseasily.Spendinglessmoneyisntagoalbecauseitstoogeneral.Similarly,ifyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,dontstopwiththisgeneralwish.Thinkaboutanactionablehabitthatyoucouldadoptandstickto,likeafamilymovienighteveryWednesday.Inthelongrun,thesenewgoalscouldbecomeahabit.1.Thewriterthinksthatsettingweightlossasagoalisamistakebecause.

A.itishardtoachieveformostAmericansB.itisfocusedtoomuchontheresultC.itisdependentontoomanythingsD.itisbasedonactionabledecisions2.InRolandFryersresearch,somestudentsdidbetterthantheothersbecause.

A.theyobeyedallthegeneralrulesB.theypaidmoreattentiontoexamsC.theyweremotivatedbytheirclassmatesD.theywererewardedforreadingsomebooks3.Accordingtothewriter,whichofthefollowingstatementsisagoodgoal?A.“Illgiveupdessert.”B.“Illstudyharder.”C.“Illcutdownmyexpenses.”D.“Illspendmoretimewithmyfamily.”4.Thewriterstronglybelievesthatweshould.

A.developgoodhabitsandfocusontheoutcomeB.beoptimisticaboutfinalgoalsandsticktothemC.pickspecificactionsthatcanbeturnedintogoodhabitsD.setambitiousgoalsthatcanbalancetheinputandoutput答案[语篇解读]本文为议论文,题材为设定目标。作者认为“减肥”不是一个很有效的目标,并具体解释了设立什么样的目标更加有效。1.B2.D3.A4.CPassage4(天津,D)体裁:说明文词数:352Peoplearentwalkinganymore—iftheycanfigureoutawaytoavoidit.IfeltsuperioraboutthismatteruntiltheotherdayItookmycartomailasmallparcel.Thejourneyisamatterof281steps.ButIusedthecar.AndIwasntinanyhurry,either.Ihadmerelybecomeonemorevictimofanationalsickness:motorosis.ItisanillnesstowhichIhadthoughtmyselfimmune(免疫的),forIwasbredinthetraditionofgoingtoplacesonmyowntwolegs.Atthattime,weregarded25milesasagooddayswalkandtheabilitytocoversuchadistanceintenhoursasasignofstrengthandskill.Itdidnotoccurtousthatwalkingwasahardship.Andtheeffectwaslasting.WhenIwas45yearsoldIraced—andbeat—ateenagefootballplayerthe168stepsuptheStatueofLiberty.Suchenterprisestodayareregardedbymanymiddle-agedpersonsasbadfortheheart.Butawell-knownBritishphysician,SirAdolpheAbrahams,pointedoutrecentlythatheartsandbodiesneedproperexercise.Apersonwhoavoidsexerciseismorelikelytohaveillnessesthanonewhoexercisesregularly.Andwalkingisanidealformofexercise—themostfamiliarandnaturalofall.ItwasHenryThoreauwhoshowedmankindtherichnessofgoingonfoot.Themanwalkingcanlearnthetrees,flowers,insects,birdsandanimals,thesignificanceofseasons,theveryfeelofhimselfasalivingcreatureinalivingworld.Hecannotlearninacar.Thecarisaconvenientmeansoftransport,butwehavemadeitourwayoflife.ManypeopledontdaretoapproachNatureanymore;tothemtheworldtheywereborntoenjoyisallthreat.Tothemsecurityisasteelriverthunderingonaconcreteroad.Andmuchoftheirthinkingtakesplacewhilewaitingforthetrafficlighttoturngreen.

Isaythatthegreenofforestsisthemindsbestlight.Andnonebutthemanonfootcanevaluatewhatisbasicandeverlasting.1.Whatisthenationalsickness?A.Walkingtoomuch.B.Travelingtoomuch.C.Drivingcarstoomuch.D.Climbingstairstoomuch.2.Whatwaslifelikewhentheauthorwasyoung?A.Peopleusuallywentaroundonfoot.B.Peopleoftenwalked25milesaday.C.PeopleusedtoclimbtheStatueofLiberty.D.Peopleconsideredaten-hourwalkasahardship.3.TheauthormentionsHenryThoreautoprovethat.

A.middle-agedpeoplelikegettingbacktonatureB.walkinginnaturehelpsenrichonesmindC.peopleneedregularexercisetokeepfitD.goingonfootpreventsheartdisease4.Whatiscomparedto“asteelriver”inParagraph6?A.Aqueueofcars.B.Arayoftrafficlight.C.Aflashoflightning.D.Astreamofpeople.5.Whatistheauthorsintentionofwritingthispassage?A.Totellpeopletoreflectmoreonlife.B.Torecommendpeopletogiveupdriving.C.Toadvisepeopletodooutdooractivities.D.Toencouragepeopletoreturntowalking.答案[语篇解读]本文是说明文,题材为生活热点。步行可以使我们更好地了解自然和自我,这一点是开车所无法带来的。1.C2.A3.B4.A5.DPassage5(山东,C)体裁:记叙文词数:255ElizabethFreemanwasbornabout1742toAfricanAmericanparentswhowereslaves.Attheageofsixmonthsshewasacquired,alongwithhersister,byJohnAshley,awealthyMassachusettsslaveholder.Shebecameknownas“Mumbet”or“MumBett”.Fornearly30yearsMumbetservedtheAshleyfamily.Oneday,AshleyswifetriedtostrikeMumbetssisterwithaspade.Mumbetprotectedhersisterandtooktheblowinstead.Furious,sheleftthehouseandrefusedtocomeback.WhentheAshleystriedtomakeherreturn,Mumbetconsultedalawyer,TheodoreSedgewick.Withhishelp,Mumbetsued(起诉)forherfreedom.WhileservingtheAshleys,MumbethadlistenedtomanydiscussionsofthenewMassachusettsconstitution.Iftheconstitutionsaidthatallpeoplewerefreeandequal,thenshethoughtitshouldapplytoher.Eventually,Mumbetwonherfreedom—thefirstslaveinMassachusettstodosounderthenewconstitution.Strangelyenough,afterthetrial,theAshleysaskedMumbettocomebackandworkforthemasapaidemployee.ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick.Mumbetdiedin1829,butherlegacylivedoninhermanydescendants(后裔).Oneofhergreat-grandchildrenwasW.E.B.DuBois,oneofthefoundersoftheNAACP,andanimportantwriterandspokespersonforAfricanAmericancivilrights.MumbetstombstonestillstandsintheMassachusettscemeterywhereshewasburied.Itreads,inpart:“Shewasbornaslaveandremainedaslavefornearlythirtyyears.Shecouldneitherreadnorwrite,yetinherownsphereshehadnosuperiororequal.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutMumbetaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Shewasbornaslave.B.Shewasaslaveholder.C.Shehadafamoussister.D.Shewasbornintoarichfamily.2.WhydidMumbetrunawayfromtheAshleys?A.Shefoundanemployer.B.Shewantedtobealawyer.C.Shewashitandgotangry.D.Shehadtotakecareofhersister.3.WhatdidMumbetlearnfromdiscussionsaboutthenewconstitution?A.Sheshouldalwaysobeyherownersorders.B.Sheshouldbeasfreeandequalaswhites.C.Howtobeagoodservant.D.Howtoapplyforajob.4.WhatdidMumbetdoafterthetrial?A.Shechosetoworkforalawyer.B.ShefoundedtheNAACP.C.ShecontinuedtoservetheAshleys.D.Shewenttolivewithhergrandchildren.5.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Astoryofafamouswriterandspokesperson.B.Thefriendshipbetweenalawyerandaslave.C.ThelifeofabraveAfricanAmericanwoman.D.Atrialthatshockedthewholeworld.答案[语篇解读]本文为记叙文,题材为人物故事类。在美国奴隶制时代一个名叫Mumbet的女奴通过自己的努力和律师的帮助,成了马萨诸塞州第一个获得自由的奴隶。她的精神一直在影响着她的子孙后代。1.A2.C3.B4.A5.CPassage6(山东,D)体裁:说明文词数:282Howfitareyourteeth?Areyoulazyaboutbrushingthem?Neverfear:Aninventorisonthecase.Anelectrictoothbrushsenseshowlongandhowwellyoubrush,anditletsyoutrackyourperformanceonyourphone.TheKolibreetoothbrushwasexhibitedattheInternationalConsumerElectronicsShowinLasVegasthisweek.ItsenseshowitismovedandcansendtheinformationtoanAndroidphoneoriPhoneviaaBluetoothwirelessconnection.Thetoothbrushwillbeabletoteachyoutobrushright(Dontforgettheinsidesoftheteeth!)andmakesureyourebrushinglongenough.“Itskindoflikehavingadentistactuallywatchyourbrushingonaday-to-daybasis,”saysThomasServal,theFrenchinventor.Thetoothbrushwillalsobeabletotalktootherapplicationsonyourphone,sodeveloperscould,forinstance,createagamecontrolledbyyourtoothbrush.Youcouldscorepointsforbeatingmonstersamongyourteeth.“Wetrytomakeitsmartbutalsofun,”Servalsays.Servalsayshewasinspiredbyhisexperienceasafather.Hewouldcomehomefromworkandaskhiskidsiftheyhadbrushedtheirteeth.Theysaid“yes”,butServalwouldfindtheirtoothbrushheadsdry.Hedecidedheneededabrushthatreallytoldhimhowwellhischildrenbrushed.ThecompanysaystheKolibreewillgoonsalethissummer,for$99to$199,dependingonfeatures.TheU.S.isthefirsttargetmarket.Servalsaysthatoneday,itllbepossibletoreplacethebrushonthehandlewithabrushingunitthatalsohasacamera.Thecameracanevenexamineholesinyourteethwhileyoubrush.1.WhichisoneofthefeaturesoftheKolibreetoothbrush?A.Itcansensehowusersbrushtheirteeth.B.Itcantrackusersschoolperformance.C.Itcandetectusersfearofseeingadentist.D.Itcanhelpusersfindtheirphones.2.WhatcanwelearnfromServalswordsinParagraph3?A.Youwillfinditenjoyabletoseeadentist.B.Youshouldseeyourdentistonaday-to-daybasis.C.YoucanbrushwiththeKolibreeasifguidedbyadentist.D.Youdlikeadentisttowatchyoubrushyourteetheveryday.3.WhichofthefollowingmightmaketheKolibreetoothbrushfun?A.Itcanbeusedtoupdatemobilephones.B.Itcanbeusedtoplaymobilephonegames.C.Itcansendmessagestootherusers.D.Itcantalktoitsdevelopers.4.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.HowServalfoundouthiskidsliedtohim.B.WhyServalthoughtbrushingteethwasnecessary.C.HowServaltaughthiskidstobrushtheirteeth.D.WhatinspiredServaltoinventthetoothbrush.5.WhatcanweinferaboutServalschildren?A.Theywereunwillingtobrushtheirteeth.B.Theyoftenfailedtocleantheirtoothbrushes.C.Theypreferredtouseatoothbrushwithadryhead.D.TheylikedbrushingtheirteethafterServalcamehome.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefuturedevelopmentoftheKolibree?A.Thebrushhandlewillberemoved.B.Amobilephonewillbebuiltintoit.C.Itwillbeusedtofillholesinteeth.D.Itwillbeabletocheckusersteeth.答案[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文,题材为科普知识类。一位发明者发明了一种电子牙刷,它不仅可以帮人们正确刷牙,而且还可以通过蓝牙和手机上的应用程序连接起来。1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A6.DPassage7(湖南,B)体裁:记叙文词数:319Inthemid-1950s,Iwasasomewhatboredearly-adolescentmalestudentwhobelievedthatdoinganymorethannecessarywaswastedeffort.Oneday,thisapproachthrewmeintoembarrassment.

InMrs.Tottenseighth-grademathclassatCentralAvenueSchoolinAnderson,Indiana,wewerelearningtoaddandsubtractdecimals(小数).Ourteachertypicallyassigneddailyhomework,whichwouldberecitedinclassthefollowingday.Onmostdays,ourgradeswerebasedonouroralanswerstohomeworkquestions.Mrs.Tottenusuallywalkedupanddowntherowsofdesksrequestinganswersfromstudentafterstudentintheorderthequestionshadappearedonourhomeworksheets.Shewouldstarteitheratthefrontorthebackoftheclassroomandworktowardtheotherend.SinceIwasseatednearthemiddleofabout35students,itwaseasytofigureoutwhichquestionsImighthavetoanswer.Thisparticulartime,Ihadcompletedmyusualtwoorthreeproblemsaccordingtomycalculations.WhatIfailedtoexpectwasthatseveralstudentswereabsent,whichthrewoffmyestimate.AsMrs.Tottenmadeherwayfromthebeginningoftheclass,IdesperatelytriedtodeterminewhichmathproblemIwouldget.Itriedtoworkitoutbeforeshegottome,butIhadbrainfreezeandcouldntfunction.WhenMrs.Tottenreachedmydesk,sheaskedwhatanswerIdgotforproblemNo.14.“I...Ididntgetanything,”Ianswered,andmyfacefeltwarm.“Correct,”shesaid.Itturnedoutthatthecorrectanswerwaszero.WhatdidIlearnthatday?First,alwaysdoallyourhomework.Second,inreallifeitisntalwayswhatyousaybuthowyousayitthatmatters.Third,Iwouldnevermakeitasamathematician.IfIcouldchooseoneschooldaythattaughtmethemost,itwouldbethatone.1.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1indicate?A.Itiswisetovalueonestime.B.Itisimportanttomakeaneffort.C.Itisrighttosticktoonesbelief.D.Itisenoughtodothenecessary.2.Usually,Mrs.Tottenaskedherstudentsto.

A.recitetheirhomeworktogetherB.gradetheirhomeworkthemselvesC.answertheirhomeworkquestionsorallyD.checktheanswerstotheirhomeworkquestions3.Theauthorcouldworkoutwhichquestionstoanswersincetheteacheralways.

A.askedquestionsinaregularwayB.walkedupanddownwhenaskingquestionsC.chosetwoorthreequestionsforthestudentsD.requestedherstudentstofinishtheirusualquestions4.Theauthorfailedtogetthequestionshehadexpectedbecause.

A.theclassdidntbeginasusualB.severalstudentsdidntcometoschoolC.hedidnttryhardtomakehisestimateD.Mrs.Tottendidntstartfromthebackoftheclass5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnUnforgettableTeacherB.AFutureMathematicianC.AnEffectiveApproachD.AValuableLesson答案[语篇解读]本文为记叙文,题材为学校生活。“我”曾经自以为是地认为做自己认为必要的事情就够了,然而在八年级的一节数学课上,“我”所遇到的尴尬让“我”明白了“我”所付出的努力还不够。1.D2.C3.A4.B5.DPassage8(浙江,C)体裁:议论文词数:426Lastsummer,twonineteenth-centurycottageswererescuedfromremotefarmfieldsinMontana,tobemovedtoanArtDecobuildinginSanFrancisco.Thehousesweremadeofwood.ThesecottagesoncehousedearlysettlersastheyworkedthedryMontanasoil;nowtheyholdTwitterengineers.Thecottagescouldbeanexampleoftheindustrysoddloveaffairwith“lowtechnology”,aconceptassociatedwiththenaturalworld,andwithold-schoolcraftsmanship(手艺)thatexistslongbeforetheInternetera.Lowtechnologyisnotvirtual(虚拟的)—so,totakeadvantageofit,Internetcompanieshavehadtogetcreative.Therescuedwoodcottages,fittedbyhandinthelateeighteen-hundreds,areanobviousexample,butTwittersdesignslieontheextremeend.Othercompaniesareusingabroaderinterpretation(阐释)oflowtechnologythatfocusesonnature.Amazonisbuildingthreeglassspheresfilledwithtrees,sothatemployeescan“workandsocializeinamorenatural,park-likesetting”.AtGooglesoffice,anentireflooriscarpetedingrass.FacebookssecondMenloParkcampuswillhavearooftopparkwithawalkingtrail.OlleLundberg,thefounderofLundbergDesign,hasworkedwithmanytechcompaniesovertheyears.“Wehavelosttheconnectiontothemakerinourlives,andourtechengineersaretheoneswhofeelmostimpoverished(贫乏的),becausetheyresurroundedbythedigitalworld,”hesays.“Theyrelookingforawaytoregaintheirindividualidentity,andwevefoundthatintroducingrealcraftsisonewaytodothat.”Thiscraft-basedtheoryisrootedinhistory.WilliamMorris,theEnglishartistandwriter,turnedbacktopre-indu-strialartsintheeighteen-sixties,justaftertheIndustrialRevolution.TheArtsandCraftsmovementdefineditselfagainstmachines.“Withoutcreativehumanoccupation,peoplebecamedisconnectedfromlife,”Morrissaid.Researchhasshownthatnaturalenvironmentscanrestore(恢复)ourmentalcapacities.InJapan,patientsareencouragedto“forest-bathe”,takingwalksthroughwoodstolowertheirbloodpressure.Thesehealthbenefitsapplytotheworkplaceaswell.RachelKaplan,aprofessorofenvironmentalpsychology,hasspentyearsresearchingtherestorativeeffectsofnaturalenvironments.Herresearchfoundthatworkerswithaccesstonatureattheoffice—evensimpleviewsoftreesandflowers—felttheirjobswerelessstressfulandmoresatisfying.Iflow-techofficescanpotentiallynourishthebrainsandimprovethementalhealthofemployeesthen,fine,bringonthecottages.1.Thewritermentionsthetwonineteenth-centurycottagestoshowthat.

A.TwitterishavingahardtimeB.oldcottagesareinneedofprotectionC.earlysettlersoncesufferedfromadryclimateinMontanaD.Internetcompanieshaverediscoveredthebenefitsoflowtechnology2.Lowtechnologyisregardedassomethingthat.

A.isrelatedtonatureB.isoutofdatetodayC.consumestoomuchenergyD.existsinthevirtualworld3.ThemainideaofParagraph5isthathumanbeings.

A.havedestroyedmanypre-industrialartsB.haveatraditionofvaluingartsandcraftsC.canbecomeintelligentbylearninghistoryD.canregaintheirindividualidentitybyusingmachines4.Thewritersattitudeto“lowtechnology”canbestbedescribedas.

A.positive B.defensive C.cautious D.doubtful5.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.PastGlories,FutureDreams.B.TheVirtualWorld,theRealChallenge.C.High-techCompanies,Low-techOffices.D.TheMoreCraftsmanship,theLessCreativity.答案[语篇解读]本文为议论文,题材是科普知识类。文章由Twitter公司将19世纪的小木屋改造成工程师的办公室引入,介绍了当今一些高科技公司采用“低科技的”(实则亲近自然的)技术和理念来打造办公场所,指出这样的办公场所有助于减轻压力和提高效率。1.D2.A3.B4.A5.CPassage9(江西,C)体裁:说明文词数:319Closeyoureyesforaminuteandimaginewhatlifewouldbelikeifyouhadahundreddollarsless.Alsoimaginewhatitwouldbelikespendingtherestofyourlifewithyoureyesclosed.Imaginehavingtoreadthispage,notwithyoureyesbutwithyourfinger-tips.Withexistingmedicalknowledgeandskills,two-thirdsoftheworlds42millionblindshouldnothavetosuffer.Unfortunately,richcountriespossessmostofthisknowledge,whiledevelopingcountriesdonot.ORBISisaninternationalnon-profitorganizationwhichoperatestheworldsonlyflyingteachingeyehospital.ORBISintendstohelpfightblindnessworldwide.InsideaDC—8aircraft,thereisafully-equippedteachinghospitalwithtelevisionstudioandclassroom.Doctorsaretaughtthelatesttechniquesofbringingsightbacktopeoplehere.ProjectORBISalsoaimsatpromotingpeacefulcooperation(合作)amongcountries.ORBIStriestohelpdevelopingcountriesbyprovidingtrainingduringthree-weekmedicalprograms.ORBIShastaughtsight-savingtechniquestoover35,000doctorsandnurses,whocontinuetocuretensofthousandsofblindpeopleeveryyear.ORBIShasconducted17planeprogramsinChinasofar.FortheseventotenmillionblindinChina,ORBISisplanningtodomoreforthem.AtthemomentanORBISteamisworkingonalong-termplantodevelopatrainingcenterandtoprovideeyecareservicestoShanxiProvince.ORBISneedsyourhelptocontinuetheirworkandfreepeoplefromblindness.ForjustUS$38,youcanhelponepersonsee;for$380youcanbringsightto10people;$1,300helpsteachadoctornewskills;andfor$13,000youcanprovideatrainingprogramforagroupofdoctorswhocanmakethousandsofblindpeopleseeagain.Yourmoneycanopentheireyestotheworld.PleasehelpORBISimprovethequalityoflifeforsomanypeoplelessfortunatethanourselves.1.Thefirstparagraphisintendedto.

A.introduceanewwayofreadingB.advisethepublictoleadasimplelifeC.directthepublicsattentiontotheblindD.encouragethepublictouseimagination2.Whatdowelearnaboutexistingmedicalknowledgeandskillsintheworld?A.Theyareadequate.B.Theyhavenotbeenupdated.C.Theyarenotequallydistributed.D.Theyhavebenefitedmostoftheblind.3.ORBISaimstohelptheblindby.

A.teachingmedicalstudentsB.trainingdoctorsandnursesC.runningflyinghospitalsgloballyD.settingupnon-profitorganizations4.Whatdoestheauthortrytodointhelastparagraph?A.Appealfordonations.B.Makeanadvertisement.C.Promotetrainingprograms.D.Showsympathyfortheblind.5.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.ORBISinChinaB.FightingBlindnessC.ORBISFlyingHospitalD.Sight-savingTechniques答案[语篇解读]本文为说明文,题材为社会生活类。在医疗知识和技术不均衡的社会背景下,一个国际非盈利组织——ORBIS在全球范围对医生和护士进行技能培训,从而帮助盲人远离失明。1.C2.C3.B4.A5.CPassage10(福建,A)体裁:记叙文词数:335ItwasMothersDaymorninglastyearandIwasdoingshoppingatourlocalsupermarketwithmyfive-year-oldson,Tenyson.Aswewereleaving,wefoundthatonlyminutesearlieranelderlywomanhadfallenoverattheentranceandhadhitherheadontheconcrete.Herhusbandwaswithher,buttherewasbloodeverywhereandthewomanwasembarrassedandclearlyinshock.Walkingtowardsthescene,Tenysonbecameveryupsetaboutwhathadhappenedtothecouple.Hesaidtome,“Mum,itsnotmuchfunfallingoverinfrontofeveryone.”Atthefrontofthesupermarket,acharity(慈善)grouphadsetupastandsellingcookedsausagesandflowerstoraisefunds.Tenysonsuggestedthatweshouldbuytheladyaflower.“Itwillmakeh