2023年北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试B

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试（B）2023．11．22PartIReadingComprehension(30%)Directions:Therearethreepassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Notallmemoriesaresweet.Somepeoplespendalltheirlivestryingtoforgetbadexperiences.Violenceandtrafficaccidentscanleavepeoplewithterriblephysicalandemotionalscars.Oftentheyrelivetheseexperiencesinnightmares(恶梦)（76）NowAmericalresearchersthinktheyareclosetodevelopingapill,whichwillhelppeopleforgetbadmemories.Thepillisdesignedtobetakenimmediatelyafterafrighteningexperience.Theyhopeitmightreduce,orpossiblyerase(抹去)theeffectofpainfulmemories.InNovember,expertstestedadrugonpeopleintheUSandFrance.Thedrugstopsthebodyreleasingchemicalsthatfixmemoriesinthebrain.(77)Sofartheresearchhassuggestedthatonlytheemotionaleffectsofmemoriesmaybereduced,notthatthememoriesareerased.Theresearchhascausedagreatdealofargument.Somethinkitisabadidea,whileotherssupportin.Supporterssayitcouldleadtopillsthatpreventortreatsoldierstroublingmemoriesafterwar.Theysaythattherearemanypeoplewhosufferfromterriblememories.“Somememoriescanruinpeople’slives.Theycomebacktoyouwhenyoudon’twanttohavetheminadaydreamornightmaretheyusuallycomewithverypainfulemotions,”saidRogerPitman,aprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardMedicalSchoolButthosewhoareagainsttheresearchsaythatitisverydangeroustochangememoriesbecausememoriesgiveusouridentity(特质).Theyalsohelpusallavoidthemistakesofthepast.“Allofuscanthinkofbadeventsinourlivesthatwerehorribleatthetimebutmakeuswhoweare,I’mnotsurewewanttowipethosememoriesout,”saidRebeccaDresser,amedicalethicist.1.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.anewmedicalinventionB.anewresearchonmemoriesC.awayoferasingpainfulmemoriesD.anargumentabouttheresearchonthepill2.Thedrugtestedonpeoplecan________.A.causethebraintofixmemoriesB.stoppeoplerememberingtheirexperiencesC.preventbodyproducingcertainchemicalsD.wipeouttheemotionaleffectsofmemories3.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A.peopledoubttheeffectsofthepills.B.thepillwillstoppeople’sandexperiences.C.takingthepillwilldoharmtopeople’shealthD.thepillhasprobablebeenproducedinAmerica4.WhichofthefollowingdoesRebeccaDresseragreewith?A.Somememoriescanruinpeople’slivesB.peoplewanttogetridofbadmemories.C.Experiencingbadeventsmakesusdifferentfromothers.D.Thepillwillreducepeople’ssufferingfrombadmemories.5.Theword“scars”inParagraphoneiscloseinmeaningto________.A.goodstoriesB.painsC.experiencesD.memoriesPassage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:On-the-jobsmokingisahotissueforbothsmokersandnon-smokers,andmanymanagersnowseesmokingasaproductivity(生产力)problem.Althoughsomepeoplequestionwhethersmokingreallyaffectsone’sproductivity,ithas,infactbeenproventhatasmokercostsacompanymorethananon-smoker.AccordingtoprofessorWilliamWeis,asmokingemployeecostshisorheremployerabout$5,700moreayearthananever-smoker.Thesecostsincludemedicalcare,lostearningsandinsurance.Andabsenceduetosmokingbreaksisoneoftheproductivityproblems,yetitaccountsforagreatdealofemployercosts.(78)Whentheissueofsmokingattheworkplaceisdiscussed,perhapsthemostimportantproblemisthehealthriskthatsmokingcausestobothsmokersandnever-smokers.Ithaslongbeenproventhatsmokingislinkedtolungcancer.Nowmanyhealtyexpertswarnthatpassivesmokingcancauselungcancerandotherillnessesinhealthynever-smokers.Passivesmokingcanbedefinedasexposuretosecond-handtobaccosmokeinenclosedareas.Anyonewhohasbeenwithsmokersindeedknowsthattheirsmokecancauseeyeirritation（刺激），coughing,headachesandthroatsoreness.Whileeyeirritationmayseemasmallthingtosomesmokers,itneverthelessisaproblemthatoccurseveryworkdayinofficesandbreak-roomsandcanleadtogreaterhealthproblems.Employeeswhodonotsmokeshouldnotbesubjected(遭受)totherisksofpassivesmokingandneedtobeabletoworkinasafeenvironment.SurgeonGeneralKoopstatesthattherightofthesmokerstopsatthepointwherehisorhersmokingincreasesthediseaseriskofthoseoccupyingthesameenvironment.6.Allthefollowingcasesareon-the-jobsmokingexceptthat__________.A.anemployersmokeswhileworkingintheofficeB.AtaxidriversmokeswhiledrivingthecarC.AworkersmokeswhileworkingintheworkshopD.aworkersmokeswhilereadinginthetrain7.Accordingtothepassage,on-the-jobsmokingaffectsanemployee’sperformanceintheofficeinthat________.A.hecan’tconcentrateonwhatheisdoingwhilesmokingB.heoftengoesawayfromhisdesktosmokeinthebreak-roomC.heoftenasksforsickleaveasaresultoftoomuchsmokingD.hetakesarestfromtimetotimebecauseofeyeirritation8.Manymanagersdonotseemtobeinfavorofon-the-jobsmokingmainlybecauseit________.A.reducesproductivityofthecompanytoacertaindegreeB.doesharmtothehealthofnever-smokersofthecompanyC.affectstherelationshipbetweensmokersandnon-smokersD.makesthebreak-roomsmorecrowdedandmorepolluted9.Passivesmokingmeans_______.A.never-smokerstakeupthehabitofsmokingunwillinglyB.never-smokershavetoputupwiththeactivesmokersC.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokersD.never-smokersshareanenclosedareawithsmokers10.Inthesecondpartofthepassage,theauthorsuggestsbanning(严禁)on-the-jobsmokingsoasto________.A.cutdowncostsofmedicalcareandinsuranceB.CreateahealthyandsafeworkingenvironmentC.preventeyeirritationfrombecomingabighealthproblemD.improvethesmokingemployees’workefficiencyPassage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:ScientistsinIndiahaveinventedanewwaytoproduceelectricity.Theirinventiondoesnotgetitspowerfromoil,coalorotherfuels,itproduceselectricitywiththepowerofanimals.Indiahasabouteightymillionbullocks.Theydoallkindsofjobs.Theyworkinthefields.Theypullvehiclesthroughthestreets.Theycarrywatercontainers.(79)Indianenergyofficialshavebeenseekingwaystouselessimportedoiltoprovideenergy.ScientistsattheNationalInstituteforIndustrialEngineeringinBombay(孟买)wonderedwhetherthemillionsofbullockscouldhelp.ManyvillagesinIndialackelectricity,buttheyhavemanybullocks.Andoftentheanimailsarenotworking.Onejobdonebybullocksistopumpwateroutofthewell.Theanimalsdothisbywalkingaroundandaroundinacircle.Astheywalk,theyturnaheavystickthatmakesthepumpmove.Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold.Scientiststhoughtthatthesametechnologycouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.Bullockswalkinacircleonlytwoorthreetimesaminute.Thisismuchtooslowtoproduceelectricity,butitcancreateenoughpowertoturnaseriesofgears(齿轮).Alargegearsitsnexttoasmallergear.Asthelargegearturnsitcausesthesmallergeartoturn.Thatgearturnsanevensmallerone.Eachgearmovesfasterbecauseitisalittlesmaller.Thesmallestgearmayturnextremelyfast.(7780)clocksoperatewithgears.SodocarsandsodoesthedeviceinventedbyheIndianscientiststoproduceelectricity.AccordingtotheofficialsintheUnitedNations,theideaisbeingtestedatseveralplacesinIndia.Thedeviceiseasytooperateandrepair.Anditcanbemovedeasily.Itcostsaboutthreehundredandsevendollarsnowtomakesuchadevice,butproductionoflargenumbersofthemcouldcutthecostofeachtoabouttwohundreddollars.11.whofirstthoughtofusingbullockstoprovideenergy?A.Indianenergyofficials.B.ScientistsinIndiaC.OfficialsintheUnitedNationsD.ResearchersinEurope12.whichkindofjobthatthebullocksdoisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.Pullingvehicles.B.PlowingfieldsC.PumpingwateroutofwellsD.Carryingfoodbaskets.13.whyarebullocksusedtoprovideenergyinIndia?A.BecausebullockshavelongbeenusedbyIndianpeopleB.Becausebullockswalkslowlyandareeasytocontrol.C.Becausetherearefewnon-workingbullocksinIndiaD.BecausethereisnotenoughoilinIndia.14.inthesentence“Thissimpletechnologyiscenturiesold”inParagraphOne,“Thissimpletechnology”refersto___________.A.usingbullockstoproduceenergyB.usingpumpstodrawwateroutC.havingbullockswalkaroundtomakethepumpmoveD.connectinggearsofdifferentsizestoproduceelectricity15.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutthedevicementionedinthepassage?A.Ithasalargegearandasmallergear.B.It’seasytouse,butdifficulttomoveC.It’squitecheap.D.It’sstillbeingtested.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(30%)Directions:Inthispartthereare30incompletesentences.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.16.Forthesakeofherdaughter’shealth,shedecidedtomovetoawarm________.A.weatherB.temperatureC.seasonD.climate17.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot.Youmayget___byacar.A.runoutB.runoverC.runawayD.runafter18.____somefamousscientistshavethequalitiesofbeingbothcarefulandcareless.A.StrangelyenoughB.EnoughstrangelyC.StrangeenoughD.Enoughstrange19.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple.Butitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.SeeingD.seen20.–Youseemtoshowinterestincooking.--What?________I’mgettingtiredofit.A.OnthecontraryB.TothecontraryC.OntheotherhandD.Totheotherhand21.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo________Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever22.Timewill________whetherImadetherightchoiceornot.A.seeB.sayC.tellD.know23.Suddenly,atallmandrivingagoldencarrage________thegirlandtookheraway,________intothewoods.A.Seizing;disappearedB.seized;disappearedC.seizing;disappearingD.seized;disappearing24.Itsuddenly________mehowwecouldimprovethesituation.A.occurredB.tearedC.shookD.struck25.Wasitbecausehewasill________heaskedforleave?A.soB.whenC.whyD.that26.JohnlikesChinesefood.Buthe________eatingwithchopsticks.A.isusedtoB.usedtoC.isn’tusedtoD.didn’tusedto27.FujianProvincelies____theeastofChinaandTaiwanis___theeastofFujian.A.in;inB.to;inC.to;toD.in;to28.ForJohnthiswasthebeginningofanewlife,____hethoughthewouldneversee.A.whatB.thatC.oneD.it29.Westayedforthenightatthefootofthemountainand________toclimbitthenextmorning.A.setaboutB.setoffC.setupD.setout30.Weshoulddoasmuchaswecan________ourcountrybetterandmorebeautiful.A.makeB.tomakeC.makesD.making31.“toputoffsomething”means“to________”A.lookforitB.putitinplaceC.postponeitD.cancelit32.________,he’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.A.GivingtimeB.TogiveTimeC.GiventimeB.Beinggiventime33.–Didyouseeheroffthedaybeforeyesterday?--No,butIwishI________.A.wereB.didC.hadD.would34.Somediversalwaysdrivecarelessly.Thereissome_____dangerwhiletheyaredriving.A.painfulB.potentialC.probableD.primary35.Youhavestayedathomefortwodays.It’stimeyou________forawalk.A.gooutB.wentoutC.willgooutD.wouldgoout36.Canyou________thethreemistakesinthisparagraph?A.turnoutB.bringoutC.calloutD.pickout37.Thisismuch________totheoneIboughtlastweek.A.worseB.lowerC.inferiorD.equal38.________theircountryhasplentyofoil,ourshasnone.A.WhileB.WhereC.WhenD.Unless39.Thereatthedoorstoodagirlaboutthesameheight________.A.asmeB.asmineC.withmineD.withme40.Don’tbetoo________aboutthingsyouarenotsupposedtoknow.A.strangeB.amusingC.curiousD.conscious41.He’sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation________heislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why42.Inordertochangeattitudes________employingwomen.Thegovernmentisbringinginnewlaws.A.aboutB.ofC.towardsD.on43.Thefactcameup________specificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6monthsold.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose44.Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis________itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas45.________Ihavetoputitawayandfocusmyattentiononstudythisweek.A.HoweverthestoryisamusingB.NomatteramusingthestoryisC.howeveramusingtostoryisD.NomatterhowthestoryisamusingPartⅢldentification(10%)Directions:EachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarkedA,B,C,andD.Identifytheonethatisnotcorrect.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.50.ThisisthesportsmanwhomeveryonesayswillwinthegoldABCmedalattheWinterOlympicGames.D51.IheardthatyoureallyhadawonderfultimeatJohn’sbirthdayABCParty,hadn’tyou?D52.E-mailaswellasmobiletelephonesarebecomingmoreandABCmorepopularindailycommunication.D53.TheyaregoingtohavetheservicemeninstalledanelectricfaninABCDtheofficetomorrow.54.TwowomanteachersandfourgirlstudentswerepraisedattheABCDMeetingyesterday.55.LessonThreeisthemostdifficultlesson,butitisn’tthemostABCdifficultlessoninBookFour.D46.ThereporterwasverypleasewhenthechairmanallowedhimtoABCAskfewquestions.D47.HetriedtolearnGreekbutsoongottiredofitandgaveupit.ABCD48.Withthesunsetting,westoppedworking,puttingawayourtoolsABCAndweregoingtogohome.D49.PolitemannersinChinademandthatapersonstandsupABAnyoneentersaroomorwhenanyonehandshimsomething.CDPartIVCloze(10%)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage,andforeachblankthereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandDattheendofthepassage.YoushouldchoosetheONEanswerthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterontire:AnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Scientistssaythatsomethingveryseriousishappeningtotheearth.Itwillbegintoget56inthefollowingyears.Therewillbemajorchangesin____57inthenewcentury.Coastalwaterswillhavea___58_temperature.Thiswillhavea__59__effctonagriculture.Innorthenareas,the___60_seasonwillbetendayslongerbytheyear2023.However,inwarmerareas,itwillbetoodry.The_61__ofwatcrcould_Worldtemperaturecould___64twodegreescentigradebytheyear2040.However,theincreasecouldbethreetimesasgreatintheArcticandAntarcticareas.Thiscouldcausethe_65__shectstomeltandraisethe66oftheoceans67onetotwometers.Manycoastalcitieswouldbe68water.Whyisthishappening?Thereisto69carbondioxidcintheair.70oil,gasandcoalburn,theycreatclargeamountsofcarbondioxide.Thiscarbondioxidelets71entertheearth’satmosphereand72theearth.However,itdoesn’tletasmuchheat73theatmosphereandenterspace.It’slikeablanket.Theheat74thesuncanpassthroughtheblankettowarmtheearth.Theheat75thereandcan’tescapethroughtheblanketagain.Scientistscallthisthegreen-houseeffcct.56.A.worse B.colderC.betterD.warmer57.AweatherB.agricultureC.climateD.land58.A.properB.highcrC.normalDlower59.A.goodB.generalC.seriousD.useful60.A.gettingB.playingC.takingD.growing61..A.muchB.manyCamountD.number62.A.fallB.decreaseC.refuseD.rise63.A.leadB.keepC.makeD.cause64.A.realizeB.dropC.liftD.increase65.iceB.rainF.stoneD.water66.A.areaB.levelC.coastD.degree67.A.byB.toC..ofD.with68.A.aboveB.underC.belowD.over69.A.littleB.manyC.fewD.much70.A.IfB.BecauseC.WhenDWhy71.A.gasB.airC.rainD.sunlight72.A.heatB.protectC.hurtD.cold73.A.reachB.getC.heaveD.enter74.A.throughB.byC.fromD.on75.A.storesB.arrivcsC.standsD.staysPartVTranslation(20%)SectionADir