2024年高考英语外刊时文精读专题11拯救美洲狮

PAGEPAGE12024年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(11)SavetheMountainLion挽救美洲狮主题语境：人与自然主题语境内容：野生动植物爱护【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，相识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）LosAngeles,aseveryoneknows,isanoodlebowlof

highways.Aseveryonemaynotknow,itisalsooneofonlytwocitiesintheworldwherebigcats

wander

wildinsidethecity

boundaries

(theotherisMumbai).Oneevenlive

neartheHollywoodsign.Butbigcatsand

highways

donotmix,whichiswhyLosAngeleswillsoonbehometooneoftheworld’sbiggest

wildlife

corridors（走廊）.Thecatsaremountain

lions.TheyliveintheSantaMonicaMountains.Theirnumbersare

stable.Their

habitat

ismostly

wilderness（荒野）,fullof

deer,the

lions’

food.Theecologyoftheirrange,thelargest

urban

nationalparkintheworld,ishealthy,thanksinparttotheirpresence.Yetanimalscancomeunderthreatwithout

habitat

loss.

Genetic

degradation（退化）

canbejustasdeadly.CuttingthroughthemountainsisRoute

101,carryingupto

10,000

vehiclesanhour.ItcutstheSantaMonicarangeofffromalarger

wilderness

tothenorth.Thesouthernareaisnotbigenoughforallthe

lions,whicheachrequire

hunting

groundsof

60-150

squaremiles.Theresultisapopulation

trapped

onanenvironmentalisland,with

inbreeding(近亲繁殖)

and

genetic

degradation.Astudyin

2016

foundthat,giventheirenvironment,theSantaMonicamountain

lions’chancesofextinctionin

50

yearswouldbe

15-22%;becauseoftheir

genetic

deterioration,thechanceofextinctionwasmorelike

99.7%.Fouryearsafterthatstudycamethefirstevidencethatthebigcatswere

suffering

physical

damage:ayoungmalewasfoundwitha

90-degreekink(扭结)inhis

tail

.Researchershadseenthatbefore.Intheearly

1990s

biologists

studyingtheFloridapanther,acloselyrelatedanimal,foundthatmanyofthemaleshadthesame

genetic

flaws(缺陷).TheFloridapanther

escaped

extinctiononlythankstothe

introduction

of

females

broughtfromTexastorefreshthegenepool.Californiadoesnotneedtogothatfar.Therearehealthymountain-lionpopulationsnorthoftheSantaMonicarange,

separated

bythe

ribbon

ofroad.Hiddencamerasshowtheanimals

crouched

(蹲)atthesideofthe

highway,not

daring

tocross.The

solution

isa

165-foot-widedirt

bridge

whichwouldallowthemtotravelhighoverthetraffic.Suchcorridorshaveworkedelsewhere,fromlargespansfor

elk（麋鹿）

overtheTrans-Canada

highway

toa

small

clawbridgefor

migrating

red

crabs（红蟹）

onChristmasIsland.Lastmonththegovernor,GavinNewsom,launched

construction.Theanimalsbecome

sexually

mature

at

2½to

3

yearsandhavebabieseveryotheryear.Sowithintenyearsofthe

corridor’s

completion

thegreat-grandchildren

ofthefirst

mating

beyondthemountainscouldhavecubs.Genetically,evenafewmatingswouldmakeadifference.“We’ll

definitely

savethemountainlion,”thinksPaulEdelmanoftheMountainsRecreationandConservationAuthority.“It’sjustamatterofhowlongittakes.”【课标词汇精讲】1.boundaryn.分界线；边界Nationalboundariesarebecomingincreasinglymeaninglessintheglobaleconomy.

在全球化的经济中，国界已经变得越来越没有意义了。2.mixv.(使)混合,掺和,融合

Mixalltheingredientstogetherinabowl.把全部的配料放在碗里,搅和一下。

Idon'tliketomixbusinesswithpleasure我不喜爱将社交活动和做生意混在一块。3.

stableadj.稳定的；稳固的；坚固的Ifthefoundationsofthehousearen'tstable,collapseispossible.假如房子的地基不稳，就有可能倒塌。Thehospitalsaidshewasinastableconditionfollowingtheoperation.院方说她手术之后状况稳定。4.habitatadj.（动植物的）生长地，栖息地Withsomanyareasofwoodlandbeingcutdown,alotofwildlifeislosingitsnaturalhabitat.大片林地被砍伐，很多野生动物在失去它们的自然栖息地。5.urban城市的；城镇的；都市的Mostofthepopulationisanurbanpopulation.绝大多数人口都是城镇居民。6.presence出席，在场；（事物的）存在，出现Shewasscaredbythepresenceofsomanypeople.这么多人在场，把她吓坏了。Thedocumentwassignedinthepresenceoftwowitnesses.这项文件签署时有两个证人在场。7.deadly致命的;

adeadlypoison

致命的毒药

adeadlyweapon致命武器

deadlydisease/virus

致命疾病/病毒trap设陷阱（或夹子、捕获器）捕获;被困住；陷入逆境Shesurvivedintheforestbyeatingberriesandtrappingsmallanimalsandbirds.她靠着吃浆果和设陷阱捕获小动物和飞鸟，在森林活下来了。Jackleftthejobaftertenyearsbecausehewasbeginningtofeeltrapped.杰克十年后辞掉这份工作，因为他起先感到被束缚住了。9.extinction灭亡，绝种Manyspeciesofplantsandanimalsareindangerof/threatenedwithextinction多种动植物都面临绝种的危机。Somepeoplepredicttheextinctionoffamilylifeasweknowittoday.一些人预言我们现在熟知的家庭生活方式将会消逝。10.suffering难受；熬煎；苦痛

Deathfinallybroughtanendtohersuffering.死亡最终结束了她的苦痛。escape逃跑，逃脱Twoprisonershaveescaped.两个犯人逃走了。Alionhasescapedfromitscage.一头狮子逃出了兽笼。refresh使复原活力，使再振作Theshowerhadrefreshedher.淋浴使她复原了活力。13.separate（使）分别；（使）分开Thenorthandsouthofthecountryareseparatedbyamountainrange.这个国家的南北两部分被一条山脉隔开。Thetopandbottomsectionsarequitedifficulttoseparate.顶部和底部很难分开。launch启动，推出，发起Theschemewaslaunchedayearago.这项支配是一年前起先实施的。

TheCanadianpoliceplantolaunchaninvestigationintothedeal.加拿大警方支配对这宗交易绽开调查。construction建立，建筑Thehoteliscurrentlyunderconstruction.这家旅馆目前正在建立之中。Workhasbegunontheconstructionofthenewairport.

新机场的修建已经开工。completion完成，完结；完满Workonthenewgolfcourseisnearingcompletion.新的高尔夫球场即将竣工。Thecompletiondateisearlynextyear.完工日期是明年初。makeadifference

Whatevershedid,itmadenodifference.不管她做了什么都没有关系的。

Onemorepersonwouldn'tmakeanydifferencetothearrangements.多一个人对支配不会有影响。17.definitely确定，当然，毫无疑问HaveyoudefinitelydecidedtogotoAmerica?你已经确定确定去美国了吗？Hedefinitelysaidhe'dbehere.他确定地说了他会到这里来的。【课标词汇精练】依据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”和“重点短语”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。Mostareasareclosetoapark.绝大多数城区旁边都有公园。Iawokefeelingcalmand.我睡醒后心情安静，精神振作。Thewarwillcausewidespreadhuman.斗争会给很多人带来苦难。Shewasluckytoseriousinjury.她真是万幸，逃过一劫，没有受重伤。TheUralmountainsmarkthebetweenEuropeandAsia.乌拉尔山脉是欧洲和亚洲的分界线。Theywanttoteachingfromresearch...他们想把教学和探讨分开。He'susuallyquitepoliteinmy.在我面前他通常很有礼貌。Thetwomendiedwhentheyinaburningbuilding.这两名男子因被困在燃烧的大楼里而丧生。Theofthedinosaursoccurredmillionsofyearsago.恐龙在几百万年前已经绝种Thegrasslandisanimportantformanywildflowers.草原是很多野花的重要生长地。Theorganizationacampaigntoraise$150,000.为了筹集15万美元，该组织发起了一场捐献活动。Workouttheexactdesignbeforeyoustart.起先施工之前要先搞好详细的设计。Theprojectisdueforinthespring.这项工程预定在明年春季竣工。Whereyoulivecantothewayyoufeel...住在哪里会极大地影响你的感受。Ifyoublueandyellow,yougetgreen.蓝色和黄色相混合就是绿色。Afterseveralpart-timejobs,he'snowgotajobinabank.做了几份兼职工作之后，他目前在银行找到了一份稳定的工作。Ishallbeattheairporttomeetyou.我确定会到机场去接你。Keys:Mosturbanareasareclosetoapark.Iawokefeelingcalmandrefreshed.Thewarwillcausewidespreadhumansuffering.Shewasluckytoescapeseriousinjury.TheUralmountainsmarktheboundarybetweenEuropeandAsia.Theywanttoseparateteachingfromresearch...He'susuallyquitepoliteinmypresence.Thetwomendiedwhentheyweretrappedinaburningbuilding.Theextinctionofthedinosaursoccurredmillionsofyearsago.Thegrasslandisanimportanthabitatformanywildflowers.Theorganizationhaslaunchedacampaigntoraise$150,000.Workouttheexactdesignbeforeyoustartconstruction.Theprojectisdueforcompletioninthespring.Whereyoulivecanmakesuchadifferencetothewayyoufeel.Ifyoumixblueandyellow,yougetgreen.Afterseveralpart-timejobs,he'snowgotastablejobinabank.Ishalldefinitelybeattheairporttomeetyou.【译文】众所周知，洛杉矶的高速马路犬牙交织。但大家可能不知道，它也是世界上仅有的两个有大型猫科动物在城市边缘内闲逛的城市之一(另一个是孟买)。有一只大型猫科动物甚至就栖息在好莱坞标记旁边。但是大型猫科动物和高速马路不能融为一体，这就是洛杉矶将很快成为世界上最大的野生动物走廊所在地的缘由。我们所探讨的猫科动物正是美洲狮。它们生活在圣莫尼卡山脉，数量稳定。它们的栖息地大多是原始的荒野，到处都是鹿——即狮子的猎物。它们的生态活动范围是世界上最大的城市国家公园，这里有良好的生态生活环境，其部分缘由是美洲狮的存在。然而，即使没有丢失栖息地，动物们也会受到威逼。基因退化可能同样致命。101号马路贯穿群山，每小时可通过1万辆汽车。它将圣莫尼卡山脉从北部更大的荒野中分割开来。南部的土地不够大，不能容纳全部的美洲狮，每只狮子须要60-150平方英里(160-390平方公里)的捕猎场。后果是一个美洲狮种群被困在一个环境孤岛上，导致近亲繁殖和基因退化。2016年的一项探讨发觉，照美洲狮的生存环境，圣莫尼卡美洲狮在50年内灭亡的几率将为15-22%；由于其基因退化，灭亡的可能性更接近99.7%。

这项探讨四年后，第一次有证据表明这些大型猫科动物受到了身