广州市2023-2024学年高一年级下学期八区期末联考考试英语试题（解析版）

2023学年第二学期期末教学质量检测高一英语2024.7本试卷共10页，满分130分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必在答题卡第1面和第3面上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写学校、班级、姓名、试室号和座位号，将自己的条形码粘贴在答题卡的“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第Ⅰ卷（满分65分）第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AExploringthewondersofYuanmingyuanisnoweasierthanever!Byfeaturingover190beautifulpaintings,modelsofbuildings,andotherartworksconnectedtothisamazinggarden-palacefromtheQingdynasty,thisspecialexhibitionhelpsuslearnaboutthelivesoftheemperorswholivedthere,thefestivalstheycelebrated,andhowtheywererelatedtoeachother.Whenyouvisit,you’llgettoseehowthisgarden-palacewasdesigned,hearstoriesaboutthepeoplewholivedthere,andlearnallabouttheQingdynasty’shistory.FullAccessTicketandSpecialExhibitionTicketWithaFullAccessticket,youcanvisitallthegalleries.WithaSpecialExhibitionticket,youwillhaveaccesstothethematicexhibitions(Gallery1toGallery7).AdultsDiscountFullAccessTicket(Gallery1-9)HK$220HK$110SpecialExhibitionTicket(Gallery1—7)HK$150HK$75Discountsincludechildren(age7to11),full-timestudents,seniors(age60andabove),personswithdisabilities(withonecompanion).Entryisfreeforchildrenage6andunder(onlinebookingandavalidFullAccessticketrequired).GroupTicketsTravelagentsticketbookings(with20ticketsorabove)arenowavailablefortheHongKongPalaceMuseum.Pleasebookyourticketsthroughtheonlineapplicationformbelowatleasttwoweeksbeforeyourvisit.Ourstaffwillbeintouchwithinsevenworkingdaysafterreceivingyourapplication.PublicGuidedTourFreeguidedtoursofspecificexhibitionsareavailableforindividualvisitors.PleasecheckthetourtimeandsignupattheG/FInformationCounter.Limitedquota(限额)isavailableonafirst-come-first-servebasis.1.WhatdoesYuanmingyuanexhibitionmainlyshow?A.Thedailylifeoftheemperors.B.ThefeatureofChinesepaintings.C.Theformationofthegarden-palace.D.ThebuildingstyleoftheQingdynasty.2.Howmuchwillaparentwithtwokidsaged9and6payforvisitingallthe9galleries?A.HK$220. B.HK$225. C.HK$330. D.HK$440.3.Whatshouldvisitorsdotogetfreeguidedtours?A.Bookonlinebeforethevisit. B.Visitwithagroupof20people.C.Registeranytimetheyarrive. D.Arriveearlywithinopeninghours.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了关于探索圆明园奇观的特别展览以及相关的门票信息和参观指南。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Byfeaturingover190beautifulpaintings,modelsofbuildings,andotherartworksconnectedtothisamazinggarden-palacefromtheQingdynasty,thisspecialexhibitionhelpsuslearnaboutthelivesoftheemperorswholivedthere,thefestivalstheycelebrated,andhowtheywererelatedtoeachother.Whenyouvisit,you’llgettoseehowthisgarden-palacewasdesigned,hearstoriesaboutthepeoplewholivedthere,andlearnallabouttheQingdynasty’shistory.(通过展示190多幅美丽的绘画、建筑模型和其他与清朝这座令人惊叹的花园宫殿有关的艺术品，这个特别的展览帮助我们了解住在那里的皇帝的生活，他们庆祝的节日，以及他们彼此之间的关系。当你参观时，你会看到这座花园宫殿是如何设计的，听到住在那里的人的故事，并了解清朝的历史。)”可知，圆明园展览主要展示花园宫殿的形成。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据表格里的“FullAccessTicket(Gallery1-9)（全票（展览厅1-9）)”，“Adults(HK$220)，Discount(折扣)HK$110(成人220港元，折扣票110港元)”及表格下方“Discountsincludechildren(age7to11),full-timestudents,seniors(age60andabove),personswithdisabilities(withonecompanion).Entryisfreeforchildrenage6andunder(onlinebookingandavalidFullAccessticketrequired).(折扣包括儿童（7至11岁）、全日制学生、长者（60岁或以上）、残疾人士（一人陪同）。6岁及以下儿童免费入场（需要在线预订和有效的全通道票）。)”可知，6岁孩子免费，9岁孩子买折扣票，带着9岁和6岁孩子的一位家长参观全部9个画廊需要支付的钱是HK$220+HK$110=HK$330。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Freeguidedtoursofspecificexhibitionsareavailableforindividualvisitors.(个人游客可以获得特定展览免费导游服务。)”和“Limitedquota(限额)isavailableonafirst-come-first-servebasis.(名额有限，先到先得。)”可知，游客在开放时间内早点到达才能获得免费导游服务。故选D。BPuffinsareadorablebirdswithbig,colorfulbeaks(喙)thatliveingrassycliffsintheFarNorth.Onesummerday,myhusbandandIboardedtheboattoFlateyIsland,eagertocatchaglimpseofthesecharmingcreatures.Assoonastheboatlefttheharbor,therainstartedpouring.Thewindpickedup,andtheboatbegantojump.Iwasbeginningtofeelseasick.Bythetimewereachedtheisland,myfingerswereblue.Theboatwouldn’tgobackforfourhours.Wehuddledundertheshelterofawarehouse,wonderingwhattodo.Thenawomanwearingmittens(手套)cameclosetous.“Youlookcold,”shesaid.“Wouldyouliketocometoourhouseforlunch?”Itwasasmallyellowhouseattheedgeofthevillage.Itwasfullofpeople,youngandold.Theymaderoomforusatthetable.Weateanddrankalot,andtheytoldusallaboutthepuffinsandtheotherbirdsontheisland.Itwasalmosttimefortheboattoleave,ournewfriendSigridwalkedintherainwithustothepuffins’cliffs.Wesatstillonthewetrocks,watchingthebirdsflyrighttowardus,cockingtheirheadsasifwonderingwhatweweredoingontheirisland.Theymadeuslaugh.Whentheboatwhistleblew,Sigridtookmyhandtosaygood-bye.“Yourhandsaresocold!”Slippinghermittensoff,shehandedthemtome.“Youneedtohavemittensfortheboatride,”shesaid.It’sbeenseventeenyears,andIstillhaveSigrid’smittens.They’renotfancyandbrightlikethepuffin’sbeak.ButasmuchasIlikedthosefunnylittlebirds,it’sthemittensIthinkofwhenIrememberedtheisland.I’vespentyearstryingtobeaskindtosomeoneelseasSigridwastomethatday.4.Whatwasunexpectedforthecoupleatfirst?A.Remotelivingplaceofthepuffins. B.Thepeacefulboatride.C.Delayingettingonboard. D.Thecoldrainyweather.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“huddled”meaninparagraph3?A.Walked. B.Crowded. C.Chatted. D.Relaxed.6.Whichwordcanbestdescribethecouple’striponFlateyIsland?A.Disappointing. B.Struggling. C.Exciting. D.Heart-warming.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PuffinsandMittens B.AClosePuffinWatchingCAMagicalTriptoFlateyIsland D.SurvivingaDaywithSigrid【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫在一个夏日里前往Flatey岛观赏海鹦（一种可爱的鸟类）的经历。在遭遇恶劣天气和身体不适的情况下，他们遇到了一位善良的女子Sigrid对其进行帮助。这些经历让作者深深感受到了人与人之间的温暖和善意。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Assoonastheboatlefttheharbor,therainstartedpouring.Thewindpickedup,andtheboatbegantojump.Iwasbeginningtofeelseasick.(船一离开港口，就下起了倾盆大雨。风起了，船开始颠簸。我开始觉得晕船了。)”可知，当船离开港口时，突然下起了大雨，风也大了起来，船开始颠簸，作者开始感到晕船。这表明最初这对夫妇没有预料到会遇到如此寒冷的雨天。故选D。【5题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中划线词前面的句子“Bythetimewereachedtheisland,myfingerswereblue.Theboatwouldn’tgobackforfourhours.(当我们到达小岛时，我的手指都发青了。这艘船要四个小时才能返航。)”以及后文“Thenawomanwearingmittens(手套)cameclosetous.“Youlookcold,”shesaid.

(然后一个戴着手套的女人走近我们。“你看起来很冷，”她说。)”可知，当作者和丈夫到达岛屿时，手指都冻青了，船还需要四个小时后才会返回。因此，他们在仓库的庇护下挤成一团（缩在一起抵御寒冷），想知道接下来该做什么。故划线词与B选项“Crowded.(拥挤的)”为同义词。故选B。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Whentheboatwhistleblew,Sigridtookmyhandtosaygood-bye.“Yourhandsaresocold!”Slippinghermittensoff,shehandedthemtome.“Youneedtohavemittensfortheboatride,”shesaid.(船鸣笛时，Sigrid拉着我的手说再见。“你的手好冷啊!”她脱下手套，递给我。“乘船时你需要戴上连指手套，”她说。)”以及最后一段中“It’sbeenseventeenyears,andIstillhaveSigrid’smittens.They’renotfancyandbrightlikethepuffin’sbeak.ButasmuchasIlikedthosefunnylittlebirds,it’sthemittensIthinkofwhenIrememberedtheisland.I’vespentyearstryingtobeaskindtosomeoneelseasSigridwastomethatday.(十七年过去了，我还留着Sigrid的连指手套。它们不像海雀的嘴那样华丽明亮。尽管我很喜欢那些有趣的小鸟，但当我想起那个岛时，我想到的却是那副连指手套。多年来，我一直努力像西格丽德那天对我那样善待别人。)”可知，尽管这对夫妇最初遇到了不利的天气条件和困难，但他们遇到了善良的Sigrid，她的热情和善良给他们的旅程带来了温暖。特别是她把手套送给作者以抵御船上的寒冷，这一行为让作者印象深刻，并让她在之后的岁月里努力向别人展现同样的善良。因此，这次旅行可以被描述为“暖心的”。故选D。【7题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讲述了作者和丈夫在前往Flatey岛观看海鹦的过程中遇到了一位善良的女子Sigrid，并讲述了她把手套送给作者以抵御船上的寒冷的温暖故事，这一温暖的行为让作者印象深刻，并让她在之后的岁月里努力向别人展现同样的善良。因此，选项A“PuffinsandMittens(海鹦和手套)”既包含了文章的主题元素——海鹦，也反映了文章的核心情感——手套所代表的善良和温暖，因此是最佳标题。故选A。CImaginelivinginacool,greencityfilledwithparksandthreadedwithfootpaths,bikelanesandbuseswhichtransportpeopletoshops,schoolsandservicecentersinamatterofminutes.Thisfancydreamisbehindtheideaofthe15-minutecity,whereallbasicneedsandservicesarewithinaquarterofanhour’sreach,improvingpublichealthandreducingpollution.Artificialintelligencecouldhelpcityplannersrealizethatvisionfaster,withanewstudyfromresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinChinademonstratinghowmachinelearningcanproducemoreefficientspatialdesignsthanhumanscan.Automation(自动化)scientistZhengYuandhiscolleagueswantedtofindnewsolutionstoourcrowdedcities.TheydevelopedanAIsystemtodealwiththetoughtasksofcityplanningandfounditcanproducecityplansthatoutperformhumandesignsbyabout50percentonthreeaspects:accesstoservices,greenspacesandtrafficlevels.Startingsmall,Zheng’steamtaskedtheirmodelwithdesigningthecityareaonlyafewsquarekilometersinsize(about3x3blocks).Aftertwodaysoftraining,theAIsystemsearchedfortheidealroadlayoutsandlandusetofitwiththeconceptofthe15-minutecity.WhiletheAImodelcanincreaseitsuseforplanninglargercityareas,designinganentirecitywouldbemuchmorecomplex.Draftinganeighborhoodconsistingof4x4blockscontainstwiceasmanyplanningdecisionsasdesigning3x3blocks.Butautomatingevenafewstepsintheplanningprocesscansavehugeamountsoftime:theAImodelcancomputeinsecondscertaintasksthattakehumanplannersbetween50to100minutestoworkthrough.Automatingcertaintasksofcityplanningwouldfreeuphumanplannerstofocusonmorechallengingorhuman-centrictasks,suchaspublicengagementandaesthetics.RatherthanAIreplacingpeople,ZhengthinkstheirAIsystemcanworkasan“assistant”tocityplanners,whocouldproduceconceptdesignsthatareimprovedbythesystem,andreviewed,adjustedbyhumanexpertsbasedoncommunityfeedback.8.Whatdoes“thatvision”refertoinparagraph2?A.Buildingupaconvenientandgreencity.B.Improvingworkefficiencyincitydesign.C.UsingAIwidelytoimprovelifeinthecity.D.Creatingmoreneedsandservicesinthecity.9.HowdidZheng’steamcarryouttheirstudy?A.BycomparingtheperfomancesofAIandhumans.B.ByaskingAItocompleteadesignofanentirecity.C.Bytraininghumandesignersformorechallengingjobs.D.ByholdingadesigncompetitionbetweenAIandhumans.10.WhichisAIincapableofconsideringincityplanningaccordingtothestudy?A.Trafficlevel. B.Greenspaces.CAccesstoservices. D.Publicengagement.11.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.TheuseofAIwillleadtolessfriendlycities.B.Humansshoulddealwithminortasksincitydesign.C.AIcanworkwithhumanstocreatemorelivablecities.D.AIwilltaketheplaceofhumanexpertsinthefuture.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章的主旨是讨论如何利用人工智能（AI）在城市规划中实现15分钟城市的概念，即居民的所有基本需求和服务都能在15分钟内得到满足，以提高公共健康和减少污染。【8题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中“Imaginelivinginacool,greencityfilledwithparksandthreadedwithfootpaths,bikelanesandbuseswhichtransportpeopletoshops,schoolsandservicecentersinamatterofminutes.Thisfancydreamisbehindtheideaofthe15-minutecity,whereallbasicneedsandservicesarewithinaquarterofanhour’sreach,improvingpublichealthandreducingpollution.(想象一下，生活在一个凉爽、绿色的城市里，到处都是公园，人行道、自行车道和公共汽车，这些公共汽车可以在几分钟内把人们送到商店、学校和服务中心。这个奇特的梦想是“15分钟城市”理念的背后，在这里，所有的基本需求和服务都在一刻钟的时间内到达，改善了公众健康，减少了污染。)”以及划线词所在的句子“Artificialintelligencecouldhelpcityplannersrealize

thatvision

faster(人工智能可以帮助城市规划者更快地实现这一愿景)”可知，此处的“愿景”指的是前文所提的“这个奇特的梦想是‘15分钟城市’理念”，即建设便捷绿色城市。故选A。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“TheydevelopedanAIsystemtodealwiththetoughtasksofcityplanningandfounditcanproducecityplansthatoutperformhumandesignsbyabout50percentonthreeaspects:accesstoservices,greenspacesandtrafficlevels.(他们开发了一种人工智能系统来处理城市规划的艰巨任务，并发现它可以在服务可及性、绿地和交通水平三个方面比人类设计的城市规划高出约50%。)”可知，在Zheng团队的研究中，他们通过比较人工智能和人类在城市规划方面的性能来进行实验，AI系统在服务可达性、绿地面积和交通水平三个方面优于人类设计约50%。由此该研究是通过比较的方式开展的。故选A。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Automatingcertaintasksofcityplanningwouldfreeuphumanplannerstofocusonmorechallengingorhuman-centrictasks,suchaspublicengagementandaesthetics.(自动化城市规划的某些任务将使人类规划师能够专注于更具挑战性或以人为本的任务，如公众参与和美学设计。)”可知，自动化城市规划任务可以让人类规划师专注于更具挑战性或以人为中心的任务，如公众参与和美学，暗示AI目前无法考虑这些因素。故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“RatherthanAIreplacingpeople,ZhengthinkstheirAIsystemcanworkasan“assistant”tocityplanners,whocouldproduceconceptdesignsthatareimprovedbythesystem,andreviewed,adjustedbyhumanexpertsbasedoncommunityfeedback.(郑认为，他们的人工智能系统可以作为城市规划者的“助手”，而不是人工智能取代人类，他们可以产生由系统改进的概念设计，并由人类专家根据社区反馈进行审查和调整。)”可知，作者认为人工智能可以作为城市规划者的“助手”，帮助完成概念设计，并由人类专家根据社区反馈进行调整即人工智能可以与人类合作，创造更宜居的城市。故选C。DAstudypublishedbytheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencefoundthatmusicianswhoworkinthetwofieldsshowsignificantlydifferentbrainactivity,evenwhenthey’replayingthesamemusic.Theresearchcouldhelpexplainwhymusiciansseemtostandoutinoneorotherstyle,andnotusuallyinboth.Thestudyoutlinestwostepsinplayingthepiano:whatthepianistisgoingtoplay—meaningthekeystheypress—andhowtheyaregoingtoplay—whichfingerstheyshoulduse.Classicalpianiststendtofocusonthesecondstep—the“how”.Thismeanstheirfocusisontechniqueandthepersonalexpressiontheyaddtothepiece.Jazzpianistsontheotherhandfocusonthe“what”,meaningtheyarealwayspreparedtoimprovise(即兴创作)andadaptthenotesthey’replaying.Thestudyincluded30professionalpianists,halfofwhomwerejazzplayersandhalfofwhomwereclassical.Bothgroupswereshownahandplayingasequenceofchords(和音)onascreen.Thesequencewasarrangedirregularlywithmistakesinharmoniesandfingering.Thepianistshadtoreproducethehandmovementsandreacttotheirregularities,whiletheirbrainsignalswererecordedwithsensorsontheirhead.Thestudyfoundthatdifferentprocessesoccurredinthebrainsofthejazzandclassicalpianists.Inparticular,thejazzpianists’brainsbeganre-planningsoonerthantheclassicalpianists’brains.Thestudyfoundtheclassicalpianistsconcentratedonthefingeringandtechniqueoftheirplaying,whilethejazzpianistsweremorepreparedtochangethenotestheyplayed.“Inthejazzpianistswefoundevidencefromthebrainsignalsforthisflexibilityinplanningharmonieswhenplayingthepiano,”saysresearcherRobertaBianco.“Whenweaskedthemtoplayaharmonicallyunexpectedchord,theirbrainsstartedtore-planheactionsfasterthanclassicalpianists.Accordingly,theywerebetterabletoreactandcontinuetheirperformances.”12.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplain“what”and“how”inplayingthepiano.B.Tointroduceastudyonplayingstylesofmusicians.CTocomparetheskilllevelsofjazzandclassicalpianists.D.Toarguewhoaresmarterbetweenmusiciansoftwofields.13.Whatdoclassicalpianistspaymoreattentiontointheirperformances?A.Thefingerstheyuse. B.Thepatternstheyperform.C.Thenotestheyplay. D.Theatmospheretheycreate.14.Whatdoesparagraph4focuson?A.Majorfindingsoftheresearch.B.Explanationofresearchmethods.C.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.D.Futureapplicationoftheresearchfindings.15.Whyarejazzplayersthoughttobemoreflexible?A.Theycaremoreaboutplayingtechnique.B.Theyarebetteratcorrectingmusicalmistakes.C.Theyaremorereadyforthechangewhileplaying.D.Theyarelikelytoaddpersonalexpressiontothemusic.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述一项研究发现，即使演奏同一首音乐，从事两种领域的音乐家的大脑活动也有显著的不同，介绍了不同音乐风格对音乐家大脑活动的影响，特别是古典与爵士音乐风格之间的对比，以及这两种风格下音乐家大脑处理音乐的差异。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“AstudypublishedbytheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencefoundthatmusicianswhoworkinthetwofieldsshowsignificantlydifferentbrainactivity,evenwhenthey’replayingthesamemusic.(马克斯普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所发表的一项研究发现，在这两个领域工作的音乐家表现出明显不同的大脑活动，即使他们在演奏同样的音乐。)”以及第二段中“Theresearchcouldhelpexplainwhymusiciansseemtostandoutinoneorotherstyle,andnotusuallyinboth.(这项研究可以帮助解释为什么音乐家似乎在一种或另一种风格中脱颖而出，而不是两者兼而有之。)”可知，文章主要介绍了马克斯普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所发表的一项研究，该研究发现演奏不同风格音乐的音乐家在大脑活动上存在显著差异，这有助于解释为什么音乐家通常只擅长一种风格而不是两种。因此，文章的主要目的是介绍一项关于音乐家演奏风格的研究。故选B。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thestudyoutlinestwostepsinplayingthepiano:whatthepianistisgoingtoplay—meaningthekeystheypress—andhowtheyaregoingtoplay—whichfingerstheyshoulduse.Classicalpianiststendtofocusonthesecondstep—the“how”.Thismeanstheirfocusisontechniqueandthepersonalexpressiontheyaddtothepiece.

(这项研究概述了弹钢琴的两个步骤：钢琴家要弹什么——指的是他们按的键——以及他们要怎么弹——他们应该用哪根手指。古典钢琴家倾向于关注第二步——“如何”。这意味着他们的重点是技术和他们添加到作品中的个人表达。)”可知，古典钢琴家更关注“如何演奏”，也就是指法和技术，因此他们在表演中更注重使用的手指。故选A。【14题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Thestudyincluded30professionalpianists,halfofwhomwerejazzplayersandhalfofwhomwereclassical.Bothgroupswereshownahandplayingasequenceofchords(和音)onascreen.Thesequencewasarrangedirregularlywithmistakesinharmoniesandfingering.Thepianistshadtoreproducethehandmovementsandreacttotheirregularities,whiletheirbrainsignalswererecordedwithsensorsontheirhead.(这项研究包括30名专业钢琴家，其中一半是爵士演奏者，一半是古典演奏者。两组人都在屏幕上看到一只手在弹奏一系列和弦。该序列排列不规则，在和声和指法上都有错误。钢琴家们必须重现手的动作，并对不规则的动作做出反应，同时他们的大脑信号被头上的传感器记录下来。)”可知，本段描述了研究的具体过程，包括参与者的选择、实验设置、实验过程以及数据的收集方式等，这些都是对研究方法的解释。因此，本段主要聚焦于研究方法的解释。故选B。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“

“Inthejazzpianistswefoundevidencefromthebrainsignalsforthisflexibilityinplanningharmonieswhenplayingthepiano,”saysresearcherRobertaBianco.

“Whenweaskedthemtoplayaharmonicallyunexpectedchord,theirbrainsstartedtore-planheactionsfasterthanclassicalpianists.Accordingly,theywerebetterabletoreactandcontinuetheirperformances.”(‘我们从爵士乐钢琴家的大脑信号中发现了弹钢琴时规划和声的灵活性的证据。’研究人员RobertaBianco说：‘当我们要求他们演奏一个意想不到的和弦时，他们的大脑开始比古典钢琴家更快地重新规划行动。因此，他们能够更好地反应并继续他们的表演。’)”可知，研究者从爵士乐钢琴家的脑电波中发现了他们演奏和弦时计划的灵活性，并且当要求他们演奏一个和声上意外的和弦时，他们的大脑开始更快地重新规划动作，因此他们能够更好地反应并继续他们的表演。由此可知，爵士乐钢琴家被认为更灵活是因为他们在演奏中更准备好改变。故选C。第二节七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分。）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。SendingastronautstoMarsisabigchallenge.It’salong,dangerousjourney.AndastronautswillhavetotakeEVERYTHINGtheyneed.____16____Launchingthingsintospaceisexpensive.“TogettoMars,wealreadyhavethetechnology,”saysMichaelFlynn.“Theproblemis,it’scostly.”____17____Insteadofbuildingaheavyspaceshipandpackingitfullofstuff,whynotbuildWaterWalls—arecyclingsystemandusethestuffaspartofthespaceship?Makingoxygenandtakingawaycarbondioxide——thewastegasyoubreatheout—isoneprobleminspace.WaterWallswillremovecarbondioxidethesamewayit’sdonehereonEarth—withlivingplants.Livingplantstakeincarbondioxidetomaketheirfood,andgiveoffoxygen.Butplantsarehardtogrowinaspacecraft.____18____Algaearetinyplantsthatliveinwater.Thealgaewillliveinbagsinthewallstoo,fedbypoopandsunlight,eatingupcarbondioxideandmakingoxygenfortheastronautstobreathe.____19____It’scompact(紧密的),efficient,anddoesn’tneedalotoffancymachinerythatmightbreakdown.AmissiontoMarswillrequireastronautstogetbacktonature.Alas,thehumanbodyneedsalotofhelptosurviveinspace.Ifonlyweweremorelikethetardigrade!Tardigradesareverytinyinsect-likecreaturesthatliveinsoil.Whentheyfindthemselvesindanger,theyrollthemselvesupintoaballanddryout.Inthisstatetheycansurvivewithoutfoodorwaterfor100years.____20____A.Algaecanbeagoodchoice.B.Nothingiswastedinthespacecraft.C.ButFlynnthinkshehasasolution.D.SoatriptoMarsisfullofpackingchallenge.E.Ifonlywecouldtrainthemtoflyaspaceship.F.Thisonboardrecyclingsystemhasmanyadvantages.G.Themoreyoutake,themorerocketsyoumustlaunch,andthemoreitcosts.【答案】16.D17.C18.A19.F20.E【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了关于火星之旅的挑战、成本问题以及一种可能的解决方案——使用WaterWalls回收系统，并提到了藻类作为可能的选择，以及这种系统的一些优势。【16题详解】根据前文“SendingastronautstoMarsisabigchallenge.It’salong,dangerousjourney.AndastronautswillhavetotakeEVERYTHINGtheyneed.(将宇航员送上火星是一项巨大的挑战。这是一段漫长而危险的旅程。宇航员将不得不带上他们所需要的一切)”可知，设空位于段尾是对前文的总结，所以D项“SoatriptoMarsisfullofpackingchallenge.(所以火星之旅充满了打包的挑战)”符合文意，是对前文的总结，宇航员需要带上很多东西，但是空间有限，所以充满了打包的挑战。故选D项。【17题详解】根据第二段“Launchingthingsintospaceisexpensive.“TogettoMars,wealreadyhavethetechnology,”saysMichaelFlynn.“Theproblemis,it’scostly.”(向太空发射东西是昂贵的。“为了到达火星，我们已经有了技术，”迈克尔·弗林说。“问题是，成本太高了。”)”可知，此处是讲述送东西到火星，成本太高，后文“Insteadofbuildingaheavyspaceshipandpackingitfullofstuff,whynotbuildWaterWalls—arecyclingsystemandusethestuffaspartofthespaceship?(与其建造一艘沉重的宇宙飞船并把它装满东西，为什么不建造WaterWalls——一个回收系统，把这些东西作为宇宙飞船的一部分呢?)”可知，是提出一种解决方法，所以C项“ButFlynnthinkshehasasolution.(但弗林认为他有办法)”符合文意，承接上文，并引出下文。故选C项。【18题详解】根据前文“Makingoxygenandtakingawaycarbondioxide——thewastegasyoubreatheout—isoneprobleminspace.WaterWallswillremovecarbondioxidethesamewayit’sdonehereonEarth—withlivingplants.Livingplantstakeincarbondioxidetomaketheirfood,andgiveoffoxygen.Butplantsarehardtogrowinaspacecraft.(制造氧气和带走二氧化碳——你呼出的废气——是太空中的一个问题。WaterWalls会像在地球上一样通过植物去除二氧化碳。活的植物吸收二氧化碳来制造食物，并释放氧气。但是植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长)”可知，前文讲述植物很难在宇宙飞船中生长，再根据后文“Algaearetinyplantsthatliveinwater.(藻类是生活在水中的微小植物)”可知，后文开始介绍藻类，所以空处应是提到用藻类解决指物很难在宇宙飞船中生长问题，所以A项“Algaecanbeagoodchoice.(藻类是一个不错的选择)”符合文意，提出解决方案，引出下文。故选A项。【19题详解】设空位于段首，为本段中心句，根据后文“It’scompact(紧密的),efficient,anddoesn’tneedalotoffancymachinerythatmightbreakdown.AmissiontoMarswillrequireastronautstogetbacktonature.(它紧凑、高效，而且不需要很多可能会坏掉的花哨机器。前往火星的任务将要求宇航员回归大自然)”可知，本段在讲述WaterWalls回收系统的优点，所以F项“Thisonboardrecyclingsystemhasmanyadvantages.(这种机载回收系统有许多优点)”符合本段主题，为本段中心句。故选F项。【20题详解】设空位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Alas,thehumanbodyneedsalotofhelptosurviveinspace.Ifonlyweweremorelikethetardigrade!Tardigradesareverytinyinsect-likecreaturesthatliveinsoil.Whentheyfindthemselvesindanger,theyrollthemselvesupintoaballanddryout.Inthisstatetheycansurvivewithoutfoodorwaterfor100years.(唉，人体需要很多帮助才能在太空中生存。要是我们更像水熊虫就好了!缓步动物是一种非常小的昆虫状生物，生活在土壤中。当它们发现自己有危险时，它们会把自己卷成一团，然后干死。在这种状态下，他们可以在没有食物和水的情况下生存100年)”可知，此处是在讲述水熊虫这种生物对于宇宙航行的优势，所以E项“Ifonlywecouldtrainthemtoflyaspaceship.(要是我们能训练他们驾驶宇宙飞船就好了)”是对前文提到的水熊虫的假设，符合文意。故选E项。第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分30分。）第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分。）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。IncentralAfghanistan’sBamyanValleystandsthefamousBuddhasofBamyan(巴米扬大佛).Hemmatwassellingticketsfortheculturalheritageinsideacoolticketofficeinsteadofinthe____21____sun.However,thathadnotalwaysbeenthe____22____.“Inthepast,weworkedinthesun,snowandrain,”Hemmatsaid.Thingshavebeen____23____afterthebuildingoftwoticketofficeswhicharealso____24____asconservationworkstationsinthedaytime,andsecurityguardpositionsatnight.Theseticketofficesarebuiltwiththe____25____ofagroupofyoungscholarsfromChina’suniversities,andFriendsofDunhuang,whohavedonatedmoneyforthe____26____.Duetoyearsofwarandeconomichardships,____27____inBamyanValleywerenot____28____andcleanedforalongtime,letalonebeingpresentedwithanintroduction.The____29____thatwerestoppingthe_____30_____oftheculturalheritagehavebeensolvednow.“Withourspecificsuggestionsandfinancial_____31_____,mostofthecavesneartheBuddhasitehavebeen_____32_____numberedandinstalledwithintroductionnameplates,”saidShaoXuecheng,amemberofFriendsofDunhuang.Inaddition,theChinesescholarsstarteda_____33_____toteachlocalchildrenhowtopreserveculturalheritages.Kidsfrompoorfamiliescouldreceive_____34_____forfree.China’sgreateffortsinculturalheritageprotectionhavebeenwidely_____35_____.“IamgratefultoourChinesefriends,”Hemmatsaid.21.A.burning B.rising C.warm D.golden22.A.truth B.standard C.case D.tradition23.A.unexpected B.worsened C.affected D.improved24.A.regarded B.used C.described D.identified25.A.assistance B.belief C.encouragement D.creativity26.A.guards B.locals C.construction D.shelter27.A.offices B.caves C.facilities D.buildings28.A.explored B.discovered C.remembered D.numbered29.A.ideas B.problems C.warnings D.puzzles30.A.development B.challenges C.protection D.damage31.A.support B.management C.planning D.report32.A.officially B.intentionally C.carelessly D.easily33.A.business B.program C.career D.study34.A.food B.money C.information D.training35.A.enjoyed B.recognized C.discussed D.ignored【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.B28.D29.B30.C31.A32.A33.B34.D35.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了中国在阿富汗巴米扬山谷的文化遗产保护工作中所做出的贡献和努力。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Hemmat在凉爽的售票处出售文化遗产门票，而不是在烈日下。A.burning炙热的；B.rising升起的；C.warm温暖的；D.golden金色的。根据上文“insideacoolticketofficeinsteadof”可知，Hemmat没有在烈日下卖票，而是在凉爽的售票处，空格处意为“炙热的”。故选A。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，之前情况并非总是如此。A.truth真相；B.standard标准；C.case情况；D.tradition传统。根据下文“Inthepast,weworkedinthesun,snowandrain”可知，在以前，情况并不是上文所描述的那样。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在建成两个售票处后，情况有所改善，售票处白天也用作保护工作站，晚上也用作保安岗位。A.unexpected出乎意料；B.worsened恶化；C.affected影响；D.improved改善。根据下文“afterthebuildingoftwoticketoffices”可知，在建成两个售票处后，情况有所改善。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在建成两个售票处后，情况有所改善，售票处白天也用作保护工作站，晚上也用作保安岗位。A.regarded认为；B.used用；C.described描述；D.identified识别。根据下文“asconservationworkstations”可知，售票处被当作保护工作站，beusedas意为“被用作”。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些售票处是在一群来自中国大学的年轻学者和敦煌之友的帮助下建造的，他们为建造提供了资金。A.assistance帮助；B.belief信念；C.encouragement鼓励；D.creativity创造力。根据下文“whohavedonatedmoney”可知，年轻学者和敦煌之友帮助建了售票处。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些售票处是在一群来自中国大学的年轻学者和敦煌之友的帮助下建造的，他们为建造提供了资金。A.guards守卫；B.locals当地人；C.construction建造；D.shelter避难所。根据上文“Theseticketofficesarebuiltwiththe___5__ofagroupofyoungscholarsfromChina’suniversities,andFriendsofDunhuang”可知，年轻学者和敦煌之友为了建售票处提供资金。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于多年战争和经济困难，巴米扬山谷的洞穴很长一段时间没有编号和清洁，更不用说介绍了。A.offices办公室；B.caves洞穴；C.facilities设施；D.buildings建筑。根据下文“mostofthecavesneartheBuddhasitehavebeen__12__numbered”可知，此处表示巴米扬山谷中的洞穴没有编号。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于多年的战争和经济困难，巴米扬山谷的洞穴很长一段时间