2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练三推理判断题-观点态度类

专题强化练(三)推理推断题——观点看法类A(2024·广州市高三调研测试)Ourplanetquakesthousandsoftimesayear，butwestillcan'tpredictexactlywhenandwhereearthquakeswillstrike.Whatifanimals'oddbehaviorscouldwarnus?Researchershavereviewedhundredsofreportsonpre­packedabnormalanimalbehaviors，butmorewerejustanecdotes．GeologistJimBerklandcountednewspaperadslookingforrunawaycatsanddogs.OnOctober13，1989，hetoldanewspaperreporterabigquakewouldstrikeinaweek.Fourdayslater，theLomaPrietaearthquakehit!ButthescientificcommunitystillrejectedBerkland'stheory.Hedidn'tdocumenteveryprediction，sonobodycouldmeasurehisaccuracyrate.Actualscientificevidencehastoberepeatable.Andaconnectionbetweenacauseandaneffecthastobeshowntobestrongerthanrandomchancethroughcarefulexperimentationanddatacollection.Californiaresearchersinthe1970shappenedtohavebuiltcontrolledhabitatstomonitorthewheel­runningactivityofpocketmice.Thesehabitatshappenedtobeinanactiveearthquakearea.Thenthe1971SanFernandoEarthquakestrucknearby.Theresearcherscheckedtheirdataandfoundnobigchangesinhowlongtheanimalsranintheirwheelsorstayedundergroundbeforetheearthquakeactivity.Whatmightthenextexperimentshow?Researchersfrom150universitiesworldwideareworkingonanewstudycalledtheICARUSproject.Theprojecttracksmanysmallanimalspeciessuchasbirds，bats，andturtlesforthepurposeofscientificresearch.Onegroupofresearchersarelookingforpossibleconnectionsbetweenanimalbehaviorsandearthquakes.Iftheyfindareliableconnection，thiscouldsavehundredsofthousandsofhumanlives.ICARUSaimstopoweranappthatwillgivepeoplehourstogettosafety.However，noteveryoneishopeful.GeologistWendyBohonsaidthatICARUSisdoingsome“coolthings”，butsheknowsanimalbehaviorsarehardtopindown.“Mycatcouldactcrazybeforeanearthquake，”shesays.“Butitalsoactscrazyifsomebodyusesthecanopener.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。人类无法精确预料地震，但是动物异样行为是否可以在某种程度上反映地震的发生呢？1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anecdotes”meaninparagraph2?A．Real­lifenewsstories.B．Randomindividualstudies.C．Repeatedscientificreports.D．Unprovedpersonalaccounts.解析：词句揣测题。依据画线词所在句中的but和下文Berkland的例子可知，虽有几百份异样动物行为报告，但许多都是未经证明的。答案：D2．WhywasBerkland'stheoryrejectedbythescientificcommunity?A．Heusedunreliabledatafromnewspaperads.B．Hisdocumentwasn'tconsistentwithhistheory.C．Hisstudydidn'tincludeenoughanimalsamples.D．Hefailedtoprovetheaccuracyofhispredictions.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“ButthescientificcommunitystillrejectedBerkland'stheory...measurehisaccuracyrate”可知，他没有记录每一个预料，所以没有人能衡量他的精确率。答案：D3．WhatistheultimategoaloftheICARUSproject?A．Toprovideaccuratepre­quakewarnings.B．Todevelopanappforpeopletocallforhelpduringquakes.C．Toseekworldwidecooperationinquakeprediction.D．Tofindconnectionsbetweenanimalbehaviorsandquakes.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的“ICARUSaimstopoweranappthatwillgivepeoplehourstogettosafety”可知，该项目的最终目标是提前预警地震，给人们足够多的时间到达平安地带。答案：A4．WhatisWendyBohon'sattitudetowardstheICARUSproject?A．Disapproving. B．Doubtful.C．Intolerant. D．Unclear.解析：观点看法题。依据第五段中的“However，noteveryoneishopeful...hardtopindown”可知，WendyBohon认为动物的行为很难确定，故其对ICARUS项目持怀疑看法。答案：BB(2024·汕头金中南校高三二模)SnotBotisonamission.Thetoaster­sizeddrone(无人机)fliesovertheopenocean，directlyaboveanunusualwhale.Onaboatnearby，AndyRogansmileswithjoy.Roganhasbeenstudyingwhalesinhisentirecareerbuthadneverseenthisspecies.Backin2011，LianPinKohandSergeWich，conservationexperts，wonderediftheremightbeaneasierwaytogetdataofanimalsinthewild.Wildliferesearchersoftenwalkthroughforests.Theymaylookcloselyatwhalesfromboatsorstayinhelicopterstoviewanimalsfromabove.Suchtripsareusuallydangerous.Plus，theirnoisemayscareanimals.Andhelicopterscan'tflyveryfarovertheoceanbecausethere'snowheretolandorrefuel.“Wethought，‘Whatifyouflyoverthemwithaflyingcamera？’”saysWich.Sotheyputtogetheradronefromaremote­controlmodelairplaneandcameraequipment.Anditdidthetrick.Onatestflight，thedronecaughtanimageofanorangutan(猩猩)atthetopofaverytalltree.Thepairrealizedthiswasjustthebeginningofawholenewwayofdoingconservationwork.NowWichandhiscolleaguesarebuildingAIthatautomaticallylocatesandrecognizesanimals.TheycalltheirprojectConservationAI.Whensomeoneuploadsanimageorvideo，themodelanalyzesthedata.Thenthemodelrecognizesanythingitcan.Inthefuture，anAImodelcouldkeepwatch，insteadofforestguards.Itcouldsendwarningswhenseeingdoubtfulactivities.TheteamtestedthisideainastudyinEastAfrica.VolunteersinTanzaniapretendedtobepoachers(偷猎者)．Theresearchersmadedronesflyovertheactorsatdifferenttimesoftheday.Overall，peoplelookingatthedroneimagesdidabetterjobthantheAImodelatfindingpretendpoachers.Themodelpickedoutmanythingsthatweren'tpeopleatall.Butthemodelfoundpoachersthatmostpeoplemissed.Withalittlemorework，Wichthinksthatsystemslikethiswillmakeiteasierforconservationiststobetterprotectendangeredanimals.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一款飞行机器人SnotBot帮助爱护濒危野生动物的事例。5．Whatcanwesayabouttheresearchers'traditionalwayofstudyinganimals?A．It'sriskyandineffective.B．It'sdemandingandcheap.C．Itcancausegreatharmtowildlife.D．Itusuallyfocusesonlandanimals.解析：推理推断题。依据其次段“Suchtripsareusuallydangerous.Plus，theirnoisemayscareanimals.Andhelicopterscan'tflyveryfarovertheoceanbecausethere'snowheretolandorrefuel.(这样的旅行通常是危急的。此外，它们的噪音可能会吓到动物。而且直升机不能在海洋上空飞得很远，因为没有地方可以着陆或加油。)”可推断，探讨人员探讨动物的传统方法是有风险和效率低的。答案：A6．WhatcanweinferaboutConservationAIfromthepassage?A．Itcanreplaceconservationists'work.B．Itworksbystudyingdatafirst.C．Itcanpunishthepoachers.D．Itisfullyautomated.解析：推理推断题。依据第四段“TheycalltheirprojectConservationAI.Whensomeoneuploadsanimageorvideo，themodelanalyzesthedata.(他们把这个项目称为“人工智能爱护”。当有人上传图片或视频时，这个模型就会分析数据。)”可推断，“人工智能爱护”的工作原理是先探讨数据。答案：B7．WhatisWich'sattitudetothefutureoftheAImodel?A．Critical. B．HopefulC．Worried. D．Prejudiced.解析：观点看法题。依据最终一段“Withalittlemorework，Wichthinksthatsystemslikethiswillmakeiteasierforconservationiststobetterprotectendangeredanimals.(威奇认为，再多做一点工作，这样的系统将使环保主义者更简单更好地爱护濒危动物。)”可推断，维奇对人工智能模型的将来看法是充溢希望的。答案：B8．Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？A．AchievementsinWildlifeConservationB．MajorDiscoveriesofBiologicalSpeciesC．AIStudyHasAchievedaBreakthroughD．FlyingRobotsProtectEndangeredWildlife解析：主旨大意题。依据第四段“NowWichandhiscolleaguesarebuildingAIthatautomaticallylocatesandrecognizesanimals.(现在威奇和他的同事正在开发一种可以自动定位和识别动物的人工智能。)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了一款飞行机器人SnotBot帮助爱护濒危野生动物的事例。所以“FlyingRobotsProtectEndangeredWildlife(飞行机器人爱护濒危野生动物)”作为文章标题最为合适。答案：DC[2024·石家庄市中学毕业年级质检(一)]Foodshighinsugarareunhealthy，buttheseadditivesaretoodeliciousformanyofustogiveuporreduceinaway.Whatifwecouldsomehowenjoytheirtastewithoutactuallyeatingthem？Astudentteamhasnowdesignedaspoonwithastructurethatstimulatestastebuds(味蕾)toproduceasenseofsweetnesswithoutaddingcaloriesorchemicals.Theprojectfollowspreviousworkinvolvingflavor­enhancingcutlerylikechopsticksthatincreasesweetnesswithamildelectriccurrent.ThefiveundergraduateandgraduateresearchstudentswantedtocreateanewspooncalledSugarwareforpeoplewithsuchdisordersasdiabetes，withwhichsugarislargelyofftheirmenu.Thenewspoonwouldhaveseveralbumps(凸块)onitsundersidetopressagainstthetongue.Thebumpscanbecoveredwithapermanentlayerofmolecules(分子)calledligands.Theseligandsbondwithtaste­cellreceptorproteinsthattypicallyreacttosugarmoleculesorartificialsweeteners.Thebondcanactivatenervesignals，causingthebraintoregisterasenseofsweetness.Adinercouldthusstimulatesweetnessreceptorswithoutactualintakeofsugarorartificialsweeteners.Thisideaissimilartothepreviousworkinthattheyallusecutlerytoenhancetastewithoutauserhavingtoactuallyconsumeanysugar.“Butthemechanismforstimulatingthetastebudsiscompletelydifferent，”ShiyuXu，oneofthestudentresearchers，says.“Itusesbumpsandtaste­bud­stimulatingmoleculesratherthanelectricity.”Theideais“verycreative，”saysPaolaAlmeida，whoistheglobaldirectorofcorporateinnovationatcandymakerMars.Buttheproduct'scommercialsuccesswouldrequireasignificantbehavioralshiftamongconsumers:insteadofaddingtheusualsugarorartificialsweeteners，“nowwe'resaying，‘Usethiscutlery’，”Almeidasays.“Itremainstobeseenwhetherflavor­enhancingcutlerywillcatchon.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文。由本科生和探讨生组成的五人小组研发了一种通过刺激味蕾可产生甜味的新勺子，其工作机制是用餐者可以在不摄入糖或人工甜味剂的状况下刺激甜味受体。9．Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A．Howthenewinventionworks.B．Howadinerfeelsweetness.C．Howligandsandproteinslink.D．Howsugarmoleculesfunction.解析：主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，此段主要介绍了Sugarware底部的凸块以及凸块的作用，即这种勺子的