必修一 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 语法知识+读后续写-筑基讲义 -2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（人教版2019）含解析1

必修一Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorld语法知识+读后续写-筑基讲义-2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（人教版2019）Part1单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句Part2读后续写素材积累Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测必修1Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldPart1单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句一、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when,where,why是常见的三个关系副词。关系副词先行词作用when时间名词时间状语表时间的介词(如：in,on,at,during等)＋which；where地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等)地点状语表地点的介词(如：in,at,on,under等)＋which；whythereason原因状语表原因的介词(如：for)＋which。Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天为什么没有出席会议的原因吗？1.when的用法when修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。其先行词通常为time,day,year,week等。I'llneverforgetthedaywhenmysonwasborn.我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。易错点：当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。Theseasonwhich/thattheyweretalkingaboutwasautumn.他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。2.where的用法where用于修饰地点名词如place,park,factory,house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwheretheylive.现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。b.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage，family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。Rememberthatthereisstillonepointthat/whichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。She'sinahopelesssituation，wherewewillkeepaverycloseeyeonher.她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。c.先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。Pleasedescribeanoccasionwhereyoumetrealdifficulties.请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。OccasionsarerarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。3.why的用法why相当于forwhich,在从句中作原因状语，但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用that或which引导。Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=forwhich)youarelateagain?你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？Thebossdoesn’twanttohearanyreason(that/which)youmightgive.老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。二、关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句1关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。ThisisthetrainonwhichIwenttoShanghai.这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthedictionary.这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。Myyoungestbrother，whomIhavetolookafter，isdemanding.我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。2关系代词前介词的确定依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speakto)TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(befamousfor)根据先行词来确定。I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(duringthetime)Air,withoutwhichmancan'tlive,isreallyimportant.空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(withoutair)3“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthinkaredifficultforyou.问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomaredoctors.他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。4“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。5“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.→Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.→Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那个穷人没房子住。有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重点。Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites，fromwherekiteflyingspreadstoJapan，Thailand，Indiaandsoon.中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。Part2读后续写素材积累牙齿、下巴和胸膛

tooth牙齿Herlipsparted,revealingaflashofwhiteteeth.她嘴唇轻启，露出一口洁白的牙齿。Hissparklingwhiteteethshowedthroughhisbeautifulsmile.在迷人的笑容中，他露出了洁白的牙齿。Shehadveryprettystraightteeth.她有一口漂亮、整齐的牙齿。

Chin下巴Hehadclearblueeyesandajuttingchin.他有一双清激的蓝眼睛和一个突出的下巴Bothoftheirchinsweredottedwithbeadsofsweat.他们两人的下巴上尽是汗珠。Jackjutted（使突出，伸出）hischinforwardanddidnotanswertheteacher.Jack下巴扬得高高的，没有回答老师的问题。Therehestood:hairinwildtangles,darkstubble(胡子茬)shadowinghischin.他站在那儿，头发乱成一团，下巴上一片黑胡茬。

Chest胸膛Hefellbackintothewater,hisbreathrasping（发出刺耳的声音）inhisheaving(强烈而有节奏地)他仰面跌进了水中，胸部起伏，呼吸急促。Hisathleticchestexpanded,takinginalungfulofmuchneededoxygen.他健壮的胸部向外扩大，吸进一大口急需的氧气。Hischestheaveswitheverybreath.他的胸脯随着呼吸起伏。Hischestswelled(使凸出，鼓起)withprideasheacceptedtheaward.他领奖时骄傲地挺起胸脯。

二、嘴巴、脸颊、鼻子

Mouth嘴巴Asmileplayedaroundhismouth.他嘴上挂着微笑。Atightmouthwastheonlysignofhernerves.紧闭的嘴是她紧张的唯一迹象。Chrislookedoverather,hismouthgrinningwithsatisfaction.Chris看着她，满意的咧嘴笑了。Hewipedhisgreasy（多油的）mouthonhissleeve.他用袖子擦了擦油膩的嘴。Hermouthcurvedintoasmile。她嘴角一弯，微笑了。Hermouthsuddenlysetinadeterminedline.她的嘴突然绷成一条坚定的线。MymouthstartedwateringwhenIsmelledthefood.闻到食物的味道，我就流口水了。Thecornersofhermouthturnedupinaslightsmile.她嘴角上扬，微微一笑。Therewasbloodtrickling(滴，淌)fromthecornerofhismouth.鲜血从他的嘴角流了出来。Fromonecornerofhermouthflowedastreamoffreshblood.从她的一个嘴角流下一道鲜血。

Cheeks脸烦Georginasoftlyrubbedthenewborn'scherubic（天使般纯真的）cheeks.Georgina轻轻地摸了摸新生儿那娇嫩的脸颊。Helookedyoung,darkandsharp-featured,withhollow（凹陷的）cheeks.他看起米很年轻，肤色勁黑，五官分明，双烦四陷。Hepuffedouthisfatcheeksandletoutalungfulofsteamybreath他鼓起胖乎乎的腮糖子，呼出了一大口热气。4.Shehadbright,rosycheeks.她的脸庞红润、有光泽。Thechildrenhadglowingcheeksafterrace.孩子们跑完步后脸蛋儿红通通的。Whenshethoughtofthis,shefelthercheeksburninghotasiftheeffectofthewinewerestilluponher.她想到这点就两颊绯红，好像酒力未消一样。

Nose鼻子Hisbleedingnosedrippedalloverthekitchenfloor.他的鼻血滴得厨房地板上哪儿都是。Mynoseisbunged（鼻塞的）upwithacold.我因伤风而鼻子不通。Shewasweepingquiteloudlyandhernosewasrunning.她很大声地哭着，流着鼻涕。

三、眼睛、眉毛、嘴唇

Eye眼睛Whenhereyeslookedup,theywereverylarge,odd,andattractive.她抬起眼来的时候，眼睛很大、很特别、很动人。Darkcircleslayroundhereyes.她眼睛周围有黑眼圈。Herbigeyeswereshadedbylongblack

lashes（睫毛），curvingbackwardinamostpeculiarway.她那黑黑的长睫毛非常别致地朝上弯曲着，掩映着一双大眼睛。Herarched(拱形的)browsaccentuate（强调，使突出）thebeautyofhereyes.她那弯弯的眉毛使她的眼睛显得更加美丽。Theobjectwasablur（模糊形状）tohersleepingeyes.在她的惺忪睡眼看来，那个东西一片模糊。Hereyesweresparklinglikediamonds.她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光。

Eyebrow眉毛Hiseyebrowsbushedtogether.他的眉毛浓密。Shehadattractiveangular（有楼角的）eyebrowswhichframed（给...做框)herdeepblueeyes.她有一双迷人的有棱有角的眉毛，衬托出她深蓝色的眼睛。Helenraisedherbrowsinsurpriseathisboldness.Helen抬了抬眉毛，对他的大胆感到惊讶。Luke'sdarkeyebrowsloweredquestioningly.Luke疑恐地垂下他的黑眉毛。Herlipsareallpale.她的嘴唇惨白。Ryanhadabloodiedlipwhichheexplainedhegotfromascuffle(小扭打，冲突)withTom.Ryan的嘴唇在流血，他解释说是和Tom扭打的结果。Therewasaslightsmileonherlips.她嘴唇上泛起一抹徽笑。Herlipspartedwithacryoffear.她恐惧地张嘴喊叫。

四、前额脸和面容

Forehead额头Alineofsweatbrokeoutonherforeheadandshethoughtshemightfaint.她的额头上冒出一串汗珠，她以为自己可能会晕过去。Bloodraineddownfromadeepgashinhisforehead.他额头上一道深深的伤口血流如注。Hisforeheadwasdrippingwithperspiration（汗）．他额头在淌汗。ItwasahotJulymorning,andperspirationglistenedonhisforehead.那是一个炎热的七月的早晨，汗珠在他的额上闪闪发光。5.Thesweatstoodinbeads(液体的小珠，小滴）uponhisforehead.他额上冒着汗珠。6.Lindahadastronglydefinedchin,ahighforehead,andlightgreyeyes.Linda有着轮廊分明的下巴、高高的额头和一双浅灰色的眼睛。7.Lookingather,Jack'sforeheadknottedinafrown.

Jack注视着她，眉头紧锁。8.Herstomachgurgled（发汩汩声）andlittlebeadsofperspirationformedonherforehead.她的胃咯咯作响，小汗珠涌现在她的前额。9.Shesteppedintotheroomtrembling,coldperspirationonherforehead.她走进房间，颤抖不已，额头冒出冷汗。10.Shefellagainstourtableandgotalargebumponherforehead.她倒地时撞到我们的桌子上，额头起了个大包。11.Somedeepwrinklesfurrow（使起皱纹)hislowerforehead.他额头下方出现了几道深深的皱纹。

Face&Features脸和面容1.Hehadalarge,squareface,withstronglypronouncedeyebrowsandcheckbones.他有一张大大的方脸，眉毛很重，颧骨突出。2.Hisfacewasbluefromthecold.他的脸冻得发紫。3.Herfaceisalreadylinedwiththecaresofdomesticlife.她因家事操劳，脸上已经起了皱纹。4.Itwasstillpossibletoseeinherfacesomethingofthefreshnessandprettinessofheryouth.在她脸上仍能看到一点她年轻时的娇艳和美貌。5.Hissunburntfacewasthepictureofhealth.他那张晒黑的脸表明他很健康。6.Shehadlostmuchoftheroundnessofherface,herskinhadlostitsyouth,andherhairwasthinner.她往日丰润的脸庞消瘦多了，皮肤失去了青春的光泽，头发也不那么浓密了。7.Shewasfineandverypretty,withafacefullofexpression.她生得清秀，非常美，有一张表情丰富的脸。

五、人体部位

Hair&Beard1.Alightwindpassedhisbrow,fanningsoftlyhisuncombedhairandstirringsilverpointsofanxietyinhiseyes.微风掠过他的额头，轻拂着他那未经梳理的头发，使焦灼不安的银光在他的眼睛里晃动。2.Asshebentforward,herfineblackhairfelloverhercheek.她身子前倾时，秀美的黑发倾泻到她的脸颊上。3.Blondhairrunsinherfamily.她全家人都长着金发。4.Dadlookedsohandsome,hisblackhaircombedbacklikeElvisPresley's,ahugegrinacrosshisface.爸爸看起来很英俊。他的黑发像ElvisPresley(貓王）那样梳成大背头，脸上挂着大大的笑容。5.Hehadacropofblondhairandradiantgreeneyes.他留着金色的平头短发，有一双明亮的绿色眼睛。6.Hehadahighforeheadandworespectacles（眼镜)andaslightbeard.他额头很高，戴眼镜，留了一些胡子。7.Hehadbrilliantblueeyes,shortblondehair,andawell-definedjawthatmadeherspellbound.他有着明亮的蓝眼睛、金色短发和棱角分明的下巴，这一切都让她入迷。8.Heisashortfatmanwithnohaironhishead.他是一个矮胖的光头男人。9.Hewasamanofsmallstature,withhairblanchedratherbysufferingandsorrowthanbyage.他是个身材瘦小的人，头发已经灰白------那大概是受苦和忧虑的结果，而不是年龄的原因。10.Herhairflowsdownherback.她的头发垂在背后。11.Herhairripplesinthespringbreeze.她的头发在春风中像波浪般飘动。12.Herhairwasgray,herclothesragged.她头发花白，衣服破烂。13.Herlightbrownhairwashanginglooseaboutherneck.她那淡棕色的头发披散在脖子上。14.Herlongfairhairfelluntidilyoverhershoulders.她那长长的浅色色头发凌乱地披在肩上。15.Herlong,finehairwassweptbackinaponytail.她秀美的长发在脑后梳成了马尾辫。16.Hershoulder-lengthhairspilledoverherface.她的齐肩长发散落在脸上。17.Herthickcurlyblackhairwastwistedintoaknotonherneck.她那浓密的黑色卷发在后脑勺上盘成一个髻。18.Herwaistwassmall,herhairfullandjet-black,hereyesliquidandhereyebrowsdrawnouttowardhertemples（太阳穴，鬓角）。她腰肢纤细，头发浓密、漆黑，两眼如秋水般明丽，双眉画入两鬓。19.Hisblackhairwasgoinggray.他的黑发开始变白了。20.Hisfacewasveryred,hishatwasonthebackofhishead.hishairwaswildlyrumpled（弄乱）.他的脸涨得通红，帽子向后斜戴着，头发也乱成一团。21.Hishairisthick,andblackasaraven.他的头发乌黑浓密。22.Lilycaughtalockofherhairandtwirled（使旋转，缠绕)itaroundherfinger.Lily抓住一绺头发，绕着手指转圈。22.Littlecurlsclusteredroundherforehead.她额前留着小卷发。23.Shecame,herhairstreamingbehindher.她来了，头发在背后飘荡着。24.Shehadafineheadofchestnut（粟色的，红棕色的）hair.她有一头栗色的秀发。25.Shehasalonggoldenponytailthatbobsupanddownwhenshewalks.她扎着一个走起路来上下摆动的金色长马尾辫。26.Shehasarowofcurlsroundherhead.她长着一头卷发。27.Sheisashyyounggirlandherhairwascutinashortcrop.她是个害羞的年轻姑娘，头发剪成很短的平头。教导队。28.Shewasayoungandlovelygirl,withaprofusion（大量）oflightbrownhair,andeyesthatseemedtofloatinliquidcrystal.她是一个年轻、可爱的姑娘，长着浓密的淡棕色头发，水灵灵的眼睛如珍珠般闪亮。29.Shewaswearingbangs（刘海）onherforeheadwhichgaveheragirlishappearancewhenshelaughed,andtherewasacuriousliquidluster(光泽,光彩)inhereyes.她的额前留着刘海儿，这让她笑时有种少女的神态，而且她的眼睛里有一股水汪汪的奇妙光彩。30.Thecurlyredhairwastiedupinaneatlittlebun（圆发髻）卷曲的红头发扎成一个整齐的小发髻。31.Thegirl’shairwassilky.这姑娘的头发像丝绸一样光滑。32.Motherwasnogettingoldandherhairwasalmostentirelywhite,althoughshewasstillunderfifty.母亲一天天见老，虽然不到五十岁，但她的头发已几乎全白了。33.Thetressesweretossedabouthertenderthroatandwerequiveringinthesunlight.披拂在她娇嫩的脖子上的发绺，在阳光下轻轻飘动。34.Theirhairwastiedupintobroadbandsontopoftheirheads.她们的头发编成粗大的辫子盘在头顶。35.Hewasatall,lanky（瘦长的）onewithspiked（尖的）hairandasmallgoatee（山羊胡子）.他个子高高、瘦瘦的，头发粗短呈刺状，留着小山羊胡子。36.Hewearsadensebeard.他留着浓密的胡须。37.Hischiniscoveredbyathickandshortbeard.他下巴上长满浓密而短的胡子。Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测定语从句1．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Thestudentcomingfromthecountrywasstarvingforthefriendshipfromthose___________comefromthecity.2．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Asurveyfoundthatthereareover60millioncurrentplayersintheworld,themajorityof___________liveinEastAsia.3．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）Thelifestyle,however,waslaiddownbytwohistoricalmenofletters.OnewasBaiJuyi,___________rebuilttheWestLakeandmadeanewbanktobenefitthelocals.4．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）China’smodernizationprocessoverthepastfourdecadeshascreatedanewcontext___________thereisapartnershipbetweentheancientandmodern,generatingsomethingnewandgenuine.5．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）Thereason___________thistraditionalflatbreadhappenstobepopularamongtheethnicgroupshereliesinitsbeingeasytobake,storeandtransport.6．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）ThismountainwashometotheKuaFutribe,___________memberswerealltallandmightylikegiants.7．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）ThereasonswhyChineseisenjoyinggreatpopularityareasfollows.First,Chinaisalreadyaglobaleconomicpower,___________influenceisgrowing.8．（2023高三•全国•专题练习）Besidescientificmissions,thecrewalsogavetwolivesciencelecturesfromthespacestation,during___________theyconductedvariousexperimentsandansweredquestionsfromstudentswatchingtheclassonEarth.9．（23-24高三下•北京•阶段练习）ShestudiedChinesemedicinefortwoandahalfyearswithexpectsinthefieldfrom___________shegainedadeepknowledge.10．（23-24高三下•广东佛山•阶段练习）AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentplaces___________artistsshowtheirskillsandteachthevisitors.11．（2024高三•全国•专题练习）AschoolinIrelandhasintroducedaninterestingnewuniform.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth___________givesofflightinthedark.12．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）Usingcellphoneswhiledrivingcanoftenbeseen,___________isillegalinmanycountries.13．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）___________isannouncedontheschoolradio,thesportsmeetwillbeheldnextweek.14．（22-23高三下•福建•开学考试）Themanager,in___________officeIjustattendedaninterview,askedmeto15．（23-24高三下•重庆黔江•阶段练习）Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovels___________hasappearedthisyear.16．（23-24高三下•重庆黔江•阶段练习）We’lldiscussacase___________beginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.17．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）AccordingtotheBeijing2022OrganizingCommittee,morethan1millionpeopleappliedtoserveasvolunteersandnearly20，000wereselected,mostof___________arefromcollegesanduniversitiesinBeijingandHebeiProvince.18．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Shefoundoutherdaughterhadbeensleepingonthefloorinahouse___________dogsandcatsmovedaround,andsheworriedthatolderbabiesmightsteponher.19．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Ihopeacupuncture,with___________helpIrecovered,willcontinuetobringhealthtootherpeople.20．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Shaanxi’sbiangbiangnoodleswereacomfortingandbelovedfoodamonglocals,for___________thebackstoryandwrittencharacterwerecommonknowledge.21．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Beijing,___________theSummerGameswereheldin2008,isthefirstcityintheworldtohostbotheditionsoftheOlympicGames.22．（23-24高三下•福建福州•阶段练习）___________isknowntoall,TsinghuaUniversityisoneofthetopuniversitiesthroughouttheworld.23．（23-24高三下•全国•期中）Understanding,loveandtolerancearethefirstthreeessentials___________cometoanauthenticfriendship.24．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）___________isoftenthecase,somestudentsplaycomputergamessolatethattheycan'tfinishtheirhomeworkontime.25．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）Iwouldliketochoosethestudent,Ithinkisthebest,tobeourmonitor.26．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）Wemustbelievethatwecansucceed,___________makesitpossibleforustoovercomethedifficulties.27．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）MybestfriendJuliawillcometoseemenextJuly,___________shewon’tbesobusy.28．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）Thecouple,___________lifeusedtobeveryhard,havesetupaseriesofchainstoresinEurope.29．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）Mymotherboughtmanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof___________wereformysister.30．（23-24高三上•全国•单元测试）Wefinallygottothevillage,___________wesawanumberofnewly-builthouses.31．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Noneofthepeopleknewthereason___________thecarbeforehishousewasdamaged.32．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）TheoriginoffacialmakeupusedinPekingOperacanbetracedbacktotheNorthernandSouthernDynasties,___________leadingactorsusedtowearmasks.33．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingsshedtearswhentheycry,noneof___________hasbeenproved.34．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Differentcolorscancreatedifferentmoodsinyourspace,someof___________maynotbefavorabletosleep.35．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）In1961theUNdecidedtosetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof___________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.36．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）ChineseastronautWangYapingmadehistoryonNovember7,2021___________shebecamethecountry'sfirstwomantoconductaspacewalk.37．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Towardtheendofmyteachingcareer,Ibecameateacherlibrarian,___________arousedmyloveforbeingsurroundedbybooks.38．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Sincethefirstceremonyin1929,___________onlythirteenawardsweregivenout,theOscarshavegrowninsizeandpopularity.39．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Atpresentthemastersusethefullface,paintedsilkmasks,___________canbeworninlayersandbepulledoffonebyoneintheblinkofaneye.40．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Thecountry’shighesthonorisgiventothose___________havemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.41．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Thebraininterpretsdietingandrestrictionashunger,___________causesthestorageoffat.42．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）TheJourneytotheWestisthemostinterestingstory___________Ihaveeverread.43．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Thefirstthingcomingtomymindistogetadrivinglicense,___________isamustformostcollegestudents.44．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）___________isknowntousall,YangLiweiisthefirstastronautinChinatoenterspace.45．（2024高三下•全国•专题练习）Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,___________willeachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight.46．（22-23高三下•福建•开学考试）Chinesemainland,___________isindicatedinthechart,hasrisento11thplaceonthe2022GlobalInnovationRating.读后续写（2024·江苏宿迁·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Lastweekend,IwasstandingatthefinishlineoftheSt.FrancisFrannyFlyer5K(五公里赛)route,waitingformynine-year-oldsonKadetopassby.Kade,thoughafourth-grader,wasalreadyanexperiencedrunner.Hehadbeenapartofacross-countryclubsincehewassixyearsold.Hehadlovedtorunforaslongashecouldremember.Hehadbeenworkinghardtoimprovehisenduranceandrunningskillsashewasdeterminedtobeaprofessionalrunnerandcompeteinnationalandinternationalraceswhenhewasolder.ThereweretwoSt.FrancisFrannyFlyerraceshappeningatthesametimethatday.The5Kraceweavedthroughneighborhoods,fromthechurchtoPineconeRoadandbackwhilethe10KfollowedthesameroutebutextendednorthonPineconeRoad.RacevolunteerswereavailableonPineconeRoadtoshowrunnerstheway,andtherewerealsosignsdirectingthetwodifferentcourses.IsignedKadeupforthe5KraceasawaytotrainhimfortheJuniorOlympics.Hehadneverruna10K,notevenintraining,sothe10Kracewasneveranoption.Kadewasprettyfastandheseta5Krecordforhisagegroupatlastyear’srace,soIwassurprisedtoseeslowerrunnerscrossingthefinishlinebeforehim.“Thisisweird.Heshouldbeaheadofthem.Hemightjustbehavingabadrace,”Ithoughttomyself.Butastheminutespassed,myworryintensified.MyheartracedatthethoughtthatKademightbelostorinjured.Anxiousandworried,Idrovealongthe5KracerouteinsearchofKade,buthewasnowheretobefound.Asurgeoffearanddespairoverwhelmedme,causingafloodoftearstopourdownmyface.Iturnedtoraceofficialsandvolunteersforhelp,andpeoplestartedlookingforhim.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右;2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Later,avolunteertoldmehehadspottedKadeonthe10Kcourse._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Finally,Kadeappearedandcrossedthefinishline._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part1单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句Part2读后续写素材积累Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测必修1Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldPart1单元语法讲义--关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句一、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词。其中when,where,why是常见的三个关系副词。关系副词先行词作用when时间名词时间状语表时间的介词(如：in,on,at,during等)＋which；where地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等)地点状语表地点的介词(如：in,at,on,under等)＋which；whythereason原因状语表原因的介词(如：for)＋which。Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，whentheweathermaybebetter.我们将把在公园里的野餐推迟到下个星期，那时候天气可能会更好。Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天为什么没有出席会议的原因吗？1.when的用法when修饰时间名词，在从句中作时间状语。其先行词通常为time,day,year,week等。I'llneverforgetthedaywhenmysonwasborn.我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。易错点：当表示时间的先行词在从句中作主语或宾语时，关系词不用when而用that或which。Theseasonwhich/thattheyweretalkingaboutwasautumn.他们正在谈论的季节是秋天。2.where的用法where用于修饰地点名词如place,park,factory,house等。在从句中作地点状语，相当于介词+which。Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwheretheylive.现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。b.当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point，situation，case，stage，family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。Rememberthatthereisstillonepointthat/whichwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。She'sinahopelesssituation，wherewewillkeepaverycloseeyeonher.她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。c.先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。Pleasedescribeanoccasionwhereyoumetrealdifficulties.请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。OccasionsarerarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。3.why的用法why相当于forwhich,在从句中作原因状语，但若关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，定语从句要用that或which引导。Canyoutellmethereasonwhy(=forwhich)youarelateagain?你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？Thebossdoesn’twanttohearanyreason(that/which)youmightgive.老板不想听你所提出的任何理由。二、关系副词/介词+关系代词引导的限制性定语从句1关系代词的确定在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which和whom。如果先行词是物，引导词用which；如果先行词是人，则引导词用whom。ThisisthetrainonwhichIwenttoShanghai.这就是我去上海所乘坐的那列火车。ThisisthestudentforwhomIboughtthedictionary.这就是我为他买词典的那个学生。介词一般放在关系代词which和whom之前，如果介词和句中动词组成固定词组时，这个介词一般不前置。Myyoungestbrother，whomIhavetolookafter，isdemanding.我得照看我最小的弟弟，他真是让人费神。2关系代词前介词的确定依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定。ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.我与之说话的那个人起初没有回答。(speakto)TheWestLake,forwhichHangzhouisfamous,isabeautifulplace.西湖是一个美丽的地方，杭州因此而闻名。(befamousfor)根据先行词来确定。I'llneverforgetthetimeduringwhichIspentmychildhoodinthecountry.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。(duringthetime)Air,withoutwhichmancan'tlive,isreallyimportant.空气真的很重要，没有它人类就不能生存。(withoutair)3“名词/代词＋介词＋关系代词”结构此类结构常见的有“some/many/most/all/none＋of＋which/whom”等。Herearethequestions,someofwhichIthinkaredifficultforyou.问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说很难。Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomaredoctors.他有三个儿子，没有一个是当医生的。4“复合介词短语＋关系代词which”从句部分常与先行词用逗号隔开，且从句部分常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtree.他住在一所大房子里，房子前面有一棵大树。5“介词＋which/whom＋不定式”Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichtolive.→Thepoormanhasnohousetolivein.→Thepoormanhasnohouseinwhichhecanlive.那个穷人没房子住。有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重点。Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites，fromwherekiteflyingspreadstoJapan，Thailand，Indiaandsoon.中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。Part2读后续写素材积累牙齿、下巴和胸膛

tooth牙齿Herlipsparted,revealingaflashofwhiteteeth.她嘴唇轻启，露出一口洁白的牙齿。Hissparklingwhiteteethshowedthroughhisbeautifulsmile.在迷人的笑容中，他露出了洁白的牙齿。Shehadveryprettystraightteeth.她有一口漂亮、整齐的牙齿。

Chin下巴Hehadclearblueeyesandajuttingchin.他有一双清激的蓝眼睛和一个突出的下巴Bothoftheirchinsweredottedwithbeadsofsweat.他们两人的下巴上尽是汗珠。Jackjutted（使突出，伸出）hischinforwardanddidnotanswertheteacher.Jack下巴扬得高高的，没有回答老师的问题。Therehestood:hairinwildtangles,darkstubble(胡子茬)shadowinghischin.他站在那儿，头发乱成一团，下巴上一片黑胡茬。

Chest胸膛Hefellbackintothewater,hisbreathrasping（发出刺耳的声音）inhisheaving(强烈而有节奏地)他仰面跌进了水中，胸部起伏，呼吸急促。Hisathleticchestexpanded,takinginalungfulofmuchneededoxygen.他健壮的胸部向外扩大，吸进一大口急需的氧气。Hischestheaveswitheverybreath.他的胸脯随着呼吸起伏。Hischestswelled(使凸出，鼓起)withprideasheacceptedtheaward.他领奖时骄傲地挺起胸脯。

二、嘴巴、脸颊、鼻子

Mouth嘴巴Asmileplayedaroundhismouth.他嘴上挂着微笑。Atightmouthwastheonlysignofhernerves.紧闭的嘴是她紧张的唯一迹象。Chrislookedoverather,hismouthgrinningwithsatisfaction.Chris看着她，满意的咧嘴笑了。Hewipedhisgreasy（多油的）mouthonhissleeve.他用袖子擦了擦油膩的嘴。Hermouthcurvedintoasmile。她嘴角一弯，微笑了。Hermouthsuddenlysetinadeterminedline.她的嘴突然绷成一条坚定的线。MymouthstartedwateringwhenIsmelledthefood.闻到食物的味道，我就流口水了。Thecornersofhermouthturnedupinaslightsmile.她嘴角上扬，微微一笑。Therewasbloodtrickling(滴，淌)fromthecornerofhismouth.鲜血从他的嘴角流了出来。Fromonecornerofhermouthflowedastreamoffreshblood.从她的一个嘴角流下一道鲜血。

Cheeks脸烦Georginasoftlyrubbedthenewborn'scherubic（天使般纯真的）cheeks.Georgina轻轻地摸了摸新生儿那娇嫩的脸颊。Helookedyoung,darkandsharp-featured,withhollow（凹陷的）cheeks.他看起米很年轻，肤色勁黑，五官分明，双烦四陷。Hepuffedouthisfatcheeksandletoutalungfulofsteamybreath他鼓起胖乎乎的腮糖子，呼出了一大口热气。4.Shehadbright,rosycheeks.她的脸庞红润、有光泽。Thechildrenhadglowingcheeksafterrace.孩子们跑完步后脸蛋儿红通通的。Whenshethoughtofthis,shefelthercheeksburninghotasiftheeffectofthewinewerestilluponher.她想到这点就两颊绯红，好像酒力未消一样。

Nose鼻子Hisbleedingnosedrippedalloverthekitchenfloor.他的鼻血滴得厨房地板上哪儿都是。Mynoseisbunged（鼻塞的）upwithacold.我因伤风而鼻子不通。Shewasweepingquiteloudlyandhernosewasrunning.她很大声地哭着，流着鼻涕。

三、眼睛、眉毛、嘴唇

Eye眼睛Whenhereyeslookedup,theywereverylarge,odd,andattractive.她抬起眼来的时候，眼睛很大、很特别、很动人。Darkcircleslayroundhereyes.她眼睛周围有黑眼圈。Herbigeyeswereshadedbylongblack

lashes（睫毛），curvingbackwardinamostpeculiarway.她那黑黑的长睫毛非常别致地朝上弯曲着，掩映着一双大眼睛。Herarched(拱形的)browsaccentuate（强调，使突出）thebeautyofhereyes.她那弯弯的眉毛使她的眼睛显得更加美丽。Theobjectwasablur（模糊形状）tohersleepingeyes.在她的惺忪睡眼看来，那个东西一片模糊。Hereyesweresparklinglikediamonds.她的眼睛像钻