新教材2025版高中英语语法精讲3动词-ing形式作定语状语和宾语补足语学案牛津译林版必修第三册

语法精讲③动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语1．动词-ing形式(动名词、现在分词)作定语(1)动名词作定语表示所修饰词的功能和作用drinkingwater＝waterfordrinking饮用水areadingroom＝aroomforreading阅览室(2)现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时，与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的“主谓关系”(主动)，表示一个存在的状态或正在进行的动作；有时现在分词作定语可以转变成主动的定语从句。Theswimmingboyismybrother.＝Theboywhoisswimmingismybrother.正在游泳的那个男孩是我的兄弟。①说明被修饰词的性质和程度。asurprisingresult＝aresultthatissurprising一个惊人的结果②表示被修饰词正在进行的动作。Themanwalkingtowardstheofficebuildingismyteacher.正朝办公楼走去的那位男士是我的老师。[特殊提示]①单个现在分词作定语时，放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰词之后。shockingnews令人震惊的消息ThemanstandingthereisPeter'sfather.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。②现在分词、过去分词、不定式作定语时的区分Thestudentdoingtheexperimentisourmonitor.正在做试验的那个学生是我们的班长。(现在分词短语作定语，表示主动和进行)Theylivedinahousefacingthestreet.他们住在一所正对着街道的房子里。(现在分词短语作定语，表示被修饰词的状态)Themeetingbeingheldnowisveryimportant.现在正在实行的会议特别重要。(现在分词的被动式作定语，表示被动和进行)Themeetingheldyesterdayisveryimportant.昨天实行的会议特别重要。(过去分词作定语，表示被动和完成)Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.明天要实行的会议特别重要。(不定式的被动式作定语，表示被动和将来)即学即练单句语法填空①Thebuilding________(build)nowisournewlibrary.②Someoldmenhavetowalkwiththehelpof________(walk)sticks(拐杖).③Thereweresomeboys________(shout)nearthewindow,soIcouldn'tfallasleep.④Makelessnoise.There'sa________(sleep)child.⑤Chinaisa________(develop)countrywhileAmericaisa________(develop)country.2．动词-ing(现在分词)作状语(1)基本形式主动语态被动语态一般式(not)doing(not)beingdone完成式(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone①现在分词的一般式所表示的动作与句中谓语动词动作同时发生。Seeingthecat,themouseranoff.一看到猫，老鼠就跑了。②现在分词的完成式所表示的动作先于句中谓语动词动作发生。Thestormleft,havingcausedalotofdamagetothisarea.暴风雨离开了，给这个地区造成了诸多破坏。Nothavingcompletedtheprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.由于没有完成安排，他们不得不在那里再待两个星期。③现在分词一般式的被动式表示与谓语动词动作同时发生的被动动作。Beingprotectedbymanyguards,hefeltsafe.被许多警卫爱护着，他觉得很平安。④现在分词完成式的被动式表示发生在谓语动词动作之前的被动动作。Nothavingbeeninvited,hefeltveryunhappy.由于没有被邀请，他感到很不兴奋。(2)基本用法①表示时间Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(＝WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet,...)在街上漫步的时候，我遇到了玛丽。②表示缘由Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.因为疲乏，我停下来休息。③表示条件Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.向左转，你就会找到那所学校。④表示让步KnowingwhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.(＝ThoughheknowswhereIlive,henevercomestoseeme.)虽然他知道我的住处，但他从不来看我。⑤表示伴随/方式Istoodthere,waitingforher.(＝Istoodthere,andwaitedforher.)我站在那儿等她。⑥表示结果(留意：现在分词表示自然而然的结果。)Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.他们的汽车遇上了交通堵塞，因而耽搁了。(3)现在分词作状语的其他状况①现在分词作状语时，可以和表示时间、条件、方式、让步等的从属连词连用，强调分词与句子主干之间的逻辑关系。有时这类结构也可以看作状语从句的省略。Whencrossingthestreet,dobecareful.过公路时务必要当心。Aslongasgoingintothereadingroom,youshouldkeepquiet.只要进入阅览室，你就应当保持宁静。②现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语一般是句子主语，但有时现在分词前可有一个名词或代词表示它逻辑上的主语，这种带逻辑主语的现在分词是独立主格结构的一种，在句中作状语。Timepermitting,we'llcometoseeyou.假如时间允许，我们会来看你。即学即练(1)在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。①Heglancedoverather,________(note)thatthoughshewastiny,sheseemedquitemature.②Themanager,________(make)itcleartousthathedidn'tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.③Wheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,always________(say)thesamething.④Thenewsshockedthepublic,________(lead)togreatconcernaboutstudents'safetyatschool.⑤________(see)thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe'dlikethatlittledollonherbed.⑥Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,________(reach)arecordof$57.65abarrelon4April.⑦Hewasbusywritingastory,only________(stop)onceinawhiletoeatsomefood.⑧Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,________(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.(2)语法填空。Oneday,abeggarwasaskingformoneyattheroadside,butMr.Lihurriedonhiswaytowork,①________(pay)noattentiontohim.Asaresult,thebeggargotangryandstuckouthiswalkingstick,almost②________(make)Mr.Lifall.③________(realise)thebeggarwasadisabledperson,Mr.Lidecidedtogivehimsomemoney.Sohetookouta100-yuannote,whichwassuddenlyblownintotheairbythewind.④________(see)the100-yuannoteblownintotheair,thebeggarjumpedupquicklytorunafterthenote,⑤________(make)Mr.Lisosurprised.3．动词-ing形式(现在分词)作宾语补足语现在分词作宾语补足语，表示正在进行的主动性的动作或一种状态。能用现在分词形式作宾补的几类动词：(1)感官动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe等；(2)使役动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,leave等。IlookeddownintothewaterandcouldseeOldTomswimmingbytheboat,showingustheway.我低头向水里看去，能望见老汤姆在船旁游泳，正在给我们指路。WangPengwon'thavehergettingawaywithtellingpeoplelies.王鹏(音译)不会让她向人们撒谎而不受惩处的。Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingatthegate.当我们回到学校时，发觉一个生疏人站在大门口。Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.那个老板让工人整夜地工作。当句子转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足语的现在分词便转换为主语补足语。Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.＝Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.他们听到他正在隔壁房间唱歌。[特殊提示]see,hear,feel,watch等动词之后用现在分词和动词不定式(一般省略to)作宾补的区分①前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示(或强调)动作从起先到结束的全过程。Wepassedbytheclassroomandsawtheteacherdoingtheexperiment.我们走过教室，望见老师正在做试验。(只在走过教室时望见老师正在做试验)Wesatforanhourandwatchedtheteacherdotheexperiment.我们坐了一个小时，看老师做试验。(一个小时之内看老师做完了试验)②假如宾补是非持续性动词，动词不定式(短语)表示一次动作，而现在分词则表示反复动作。Weheardthedoorslam.我们听到门砰地关上了。(一次动作)Weheardthedoorslamming.我们听见门在砰砰地响。(反复动作)即学即练(1)在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。①IoftenseeMr.Smith________(walk)towork.②Ifeltsomeone________(pat)meontheshoulder.③Hewascaught________(steal)acarandsenttothepolicestation.④Isawhim________(play)gameswhenIpassed.⑤IfoundMary________(whisper)toaboyjustnow.(2)语法填空。AryaPermana,a10-year-oldboyfromIndonesia,hasbeenthefattestboyintheworld,①________(weigh)192kilogrammes.Aryastarted②________(gain)weightrapidlyattheageof2.Inthe③________(begin),hisparentswerehappyabouthisfigureandconsideredhimahealthychild.However,withyears④________(go)by,theyrealisedsomethingwaswrongwithhimandthatheneeded⑤________(treat)fromhospital.TheytookAryatoseedoctors,⑥________(get)noexactexplanationforthecauseofhisabnormalweight.Aryacannotwalk,playwithotherkidsorattendschool.Hisparentsalsohavetrouble⑦________(find)clothes⑧________(fit)him.Theyrealisetheirson'sweightisputtinghishealthatrisk.Sotheyaredeterminedtohelphimloseweightby⑨________(deny)hisfoodand⑩________(force)himtodoexercise.Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Inastudy________(describe)thetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.2．Thestadium________(build)atpresentinourcityisintendedforthecomingAsianGames.3．Theflowers________(smell)sweetinthegardenattractthevisitorstoenjoythebeautyofnature.4．Thereisalotofevidence________(show)thatstaringatthecomputerforalongtimedoesharmtooureyes.5．Awomanaskedtheprimaryschoolinherneighborhoodtoaccepthersix-year-oldson,whohasa________(hear)disability.6．Aftertheparty,mostguestsleft,withonlytwoofthem________(remain)inthehost'shouse,________(help)himcleanup.7．WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning,Isawtwowomen________(argue).8．Hewasjustabouttositdownwhenhefeltsomething________(move)nearhisfeet.9．Onthebankoftheriver,wefoundhim________(lie)onabench,withhiseyes________(fix)onakiteinthesky.10．________(gather)aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.11．________(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.12．________(judge)fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful,butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.13．Thedecision________(make),whatistobedonenowishowtocarryitout.14．It________(be)Sunday,manypeoplegotothegymnasiumtodophysicalexercise.15．Theretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquake,________(enable)thestudentstoreturntotheirclassrooms.Ⅱ.用动词-ing形式完成句子1．我感觉累了，我闭上眼睛，想象自己躺在阳光下的沙滩上。________________，Iclosedmyeyesandimaginedmyselflyingonabeachinthesunshine.2．那是上午9点，阳光绚丽，我站在湖边，等着轮到我划船。Itwas9a．m.Thesunshonebrilliantly.Istoodbythelake,__________________________torow.3．在这儿待上一段时间，你会发觉这里的人都很友好。______________________________，youwillfindthepeoplehereareveryfriendly.4．由于没有收到回复，他确定再写一封信给人事部经理，谈谈他的工作申请。____________________________，he