2024中考英语二轮复习第二部分专题五构词法(课件)

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五构词法专题五构词法2随堂检测1知识梳理知识梳理一、合成法定义：由两个或两个以上的词组合起来的新词叫做合成词。合成词是一种比较灵活的构词方法，可以合成名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词等。类型构成方式例词复合名词名词+名词classroom形容词+名词blackboard动词+名词playground名词+动名词handwriting类型构成方式例词复合动词副词+动词overcome,upset名词+动词-ingsightseeing复合形容词名词+形容词worldwide数词+名词second-hand数词+名词+形容词five-year-old名词+动词过去分词man-made复合副词不定代词+副词somewhere复合代词不定代词+名词anything二、派生法定义：在一个单词前面加前缀或后面加后缀构成的新词叫做派生词。1.常见前缀前缀大多数不造成词性的转换，但能引起词义的变化。前缀中有相当一部分可构成反义词。前缀含义例词dis­不；无disagree,disappearim­不impatient,impolitein­不；非inexpensive,incomplete前缀含义例词mis­错误misunderstandingnon­不；非non­smoker,non­stopun­不unforgettablere­再；又return,rewrite,retellsuper­超级supermarket,supermantele­远程telephone,television2.常见后缀通过加后缀变成另一个词。后缀不仅能改变词义，也能改变词性。词类后缀例词名词-er,-or,-resslistener,dancer,reporter,waitress-ingbuilding,feeling,shopping-mentachievement,development-ion,-tion,-ation,-sioneducation,invention,decision-n,-an,-ianAustralian,European,musician词类后缀例词名词-eseChinese,Japanese-istartist,scientist-nesssadness,illness-shipfriendship-thtruth,warmth-tysafety,activity词类后缀例词形容词-fuluseful-ousdangerous-ableenjoyable-altraditional,personal-inginteresting-d,-edexcited-erneastern,western-iveactive,positive词类后缀例词形容词-almusical,physical-lesscareless,hopeless-lyfriendly,weekly-yhealthy副词-lyreally,successfully,widely,finally,politely词类后缀例词数词-thseventh,fortieth,seventieth,hundredth-teenthirteen,fourteen-tytwenty,thirty,forty三、转化法定义:转化法是指把一个单词从一种词性转化为另一种词性的方法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。词性转化例词名词→动词bookn．书→v.预订watern．水→v.浇水动词→名词talkv．谈论→n.谈话walkv．散步；走→n.散步

词性转化例词形容词→名词dailyadj.日常的→n.日报highadj.高的→n.最高水平形容词→动词cleanadj.干净的→v.打扫副词→动词downadv.向下→v.打倒；放下随堂检测短文填空基础练agree

care

develop

direct

educate

enjoyfamily

forget

friend

harm

ill

nineteen1.It'snormaltohaveproblemswithyourclassmates.Evengoodfriends___

witheachothersometimes.2.Atrueheartisthesecrettothe

ofagoodrelationship.3.Jackwasabsentfromclassbecauseof

.Wewonderwhenhecangobacktoschool.disagreedevelopmentillnessagree

care

develop

direct

educate

enjoyfamily

forget

friend

harm

ill

nineteen4.We'dbettercheckthepaperbeforehandingitintoavoidmakingsome_________mistakes.5.Helpingothersisa(n)

thing.Sowhensomeoneasksforhelp,pleasegivehimahand.6.Notgettingenoughsleepcanbe

toourhealth,sodonotstayuplate.7.You'dbettersolvethedifficultproblemsbyyourselvesatfirstinsteadofaskingothersforhelp

.carelessenjoyableharmfuldirectlyagree

care

develop

direct

educate

enjoyfamily

forget

friend

harm

ill

nineteen8.Inordertoimprovestudentslivingskills,moreactivitiesaboutlabor_________

willbeheldnextterm.9.Keepingintouchwitheachotherisagoodwaytomakeusrememberour

forever.10.M