2024中考英语试题研究 第二部分 重难题型专练 题型六 完成图表（含答案）

2024中考英语试题研究第二部分重难题型专练题型六完成图表话题一事物介绍（10年8考）Passage1(2023成都)1题Mapsmarkseas,countries,citiesandourhomes,andguideusthroughtheworld.Toknowthembetter,let'stakealookathowmapshavechangedoverthecenturies.Manyancientcountriesusedmaps.OneofthefirstisthoughttohavebeendrawnonthewallinLascaux,France,around16，500yearsago.2题Hiddenamongthedrawingsofbirdsandbulls(公牛)isamapofthestars.TheBabylonianMapoftheWorldistheoldestknownearthlymap,whichshowsBabylonanditsneighboringtownsonthestone.ClaudiusPtolemymademapsgoglobal.BorninEgyptaround100AD,hewasthefirstpersontotrytomakeaworldmap.3题Withthehelpofmath,Ptolemymarkedaround10，000locationsfromBritaintoAsiaandAfrica.PerhapsthemostcommonlyusedworldmapistheMercatorProjection.Itwasintroducedin1569byGerardusMercator.Animportantpartofmapsistheimaginarylinesoflongitude,latitudeandtheequator.Mercatortooktheglobeandmadeitflat(平的),buttodothishehadtomaketheareasfurthernorthandsouthlarger,whiletheareasnearerthemiddlestayabouttherightsize.ThereasonforthisisthattheEarthislikeaball,butamapisflat.4题Itiseasytofindplaces,butsomepeoplesaiditwasunfairbecauseplacesincludingCanada,theUKandEuropeappearedmuchbiggerthantheyreallywere.5题Inthe19thand20thcenturies,moderntechnologyallowedmapmakerstoproducemapsshowinglocationsexactly.Today,manypeopleviewmapsontheirphones.ResearchersareworkingtomaptheflooroftheoceansandtolocateeverytreeonEarth.ScientistsarealsotryingtomapthepastbyusingtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST).Thisinventionwillcollectlightfromstarsandmayfindthesecretsaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse(宇宙)．【语篇研读】What：介绍了地图的发展史。Why：引导学生了解地理知识、历史轶事和现代科技，通过跨学科整合呈现多元化学习探索情境和语言应用情境。How：①文体特征：说明文。②写作手法：以时间为线索从16，500年前→公元100年→1569年→19和20世纪，层层递进，分四个阶段介绍了地图的发展演变过程。TheHistoryofMapsMapsprovideuswithinformationof1.________．Ancientmaps★Oneofthefirstmapsisamapof2.________around16，500yearsago.★TheoldestearthlymapistheBabylonianMapoftheWorld.Mapsgoglobal★Thefirstworldmapwasdrawnbyusing3.________．★TheimaginarylinesintroducedtotheMercatorProjectionmadeitmostcommonlyused,butitstillneeded4.________．Mapsand5.________★Mapscanbeusedonthephone.★Mapscanhelpusknowmoreabouttheoceans,thelandandtheuniversethroughJWST.Passage2(2023锦江区二诊)Manyanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotheratcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisyearlymovementiscalledmigration.OneofthemostwonderfulmigrationsisthatoftheNorthAmericanmonarchbutterfly.1题Itmigratestofindfood,getapartner,orinsearchofwarmerweather.Everyautumn,millionsofthesebeautifulinsectsbeginalonganddifficultjourney.Theytravelaround4,000kilometerssouthandfindtheirwaytoCaliforniaorMexico.However,untilrecentlynooneknewhowtheydidthis.AteamofscientistsattheUniversityofWashingtonhasnowfoundtheanswer.Theyhavefoundoutthatthemonarchisabletotellthetimeofday.2题Also,itusesitseyestomeasure(测量)wherethesunisinthesky.Thesetwopiecesofinformationallowthebutterflytodecidewheretogo.3题Finally,itreachestheplacessuccessfullyanditwillspendthewinterthere.Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch'samazingabilitycomesfinallywhileitisinserioustroublenow.Itspopulationhasfallendownbyasmuchas90percent.Inrecentyears,unusuallycoldtemperaturesandrainhavecausedmonarchstodieinlargenumbers.4题What'sworse,inmanyoftheplaceswherethebutterflycanbefound,peoplearedoingharmtothenaturalenvironment.Theycutdowntreesandusechemicalstokilltheplants,whichthemonarchmainlyeats.5题Thankstothosescientists,it'stheirresearchonthemonarchthathashelpedpeopletobetterunderstandhowimportantitistoprotectthiscreature.Peoplehavebeenworkingtogethertorecorditsmigrationandmakesurethatthereareenoughplantsforit.Willtheyreturn?Ibelievetherewillcomeatimewhenthenumberofmonarchbutterfliesincreasesonceagain.【语篇研读】What：介绍了帝王蝶的相关知识。Why：引导学生认识生物多样性，意识到保护自然环境的重要性，树立人与自然和谐共生的理念。How：①文体特征：说明文。②写作手法：文章开头通过下定义的说明方法引出文章主题，即北美帝王蝶的迁徙；此外，结尾采用设问的修辞手法，强调了保护帝王蝶和自然环境的重要性，引起读者的反思和共鸣。Passage3(2023定心卷)外文素材改编自Twinkl减少塑料污染的方法Overtime,peoplehavebeencaringlessandlessabouttheearth,andnowwearetryingtodealwiththeresultsthathavebeencaused.Onemajorproblemisknownasplasticpollutionwhichhasunluckilybeencausedbycarelesshumans.Luckily,therearethingswecandotohelpreducethisdamage(伤害)．Whatisplasticpollution?Thebiggestproblemwithunwantedplasticisthepollutionanddamageitcausestotheenvironment.Becauseplasticischeapandeasytomake,humansbuyandusealotofit.Theythenthrowitaway.1题But,plasticissostrongthatwhenitisthrownaway,ittakeshundredsofyearstodecompose(分解).Itbreaksintotinypieces,whichthengetblownaroundbythewindandtherain.Lotsoftheplasticendsupinourriversandtheocean.2题Doyouknowsomethingterrible?Thereare6.3billiontonnesofplasticwasteonEarth.80%ofthepiecesswimmingintheoceanareplastic.267kindsofanimalsaroundtheworldareharmedbyplastic.Therearelotsofthingsweallcandotohelpendplasticpollution.It'simportanttofirsttryto“reduce”ouruseofplastics,then“reuse”wherepossible.Thelastisto“recycle”asthisstillhasabadinfluenceontheenvironment.Reduce:Avoidsingle­useplastics,usebambooandothersinstead.Youcan'tdothisalone.3题It'simportanttotalktoyourfamilyorschoolabouthowtoreducetheirplasticuse.Reuse:Ifyouhaveplasticthings,makesurethatyouusethemmanytimes.Forexample,insteadofbuyingnewones,refillandreusewaterbottlesandlunchbags.4题Also,avoidusingsingle­useplasticbagsforshopping,usingbagsmadeofcloth,thickpaperinstead.Recycle:5题Checkfortherecyclingsymbolbeforeyoubuyplasticsandmakesurethatyoualwaysrecycleplasticswhenyoucan,insteadofdealingwiththemasnormalrubbish.【语篇研读】What：介绍了塑料垃圾产生的原因、造成的危害和减少塑料垃圾的方法。Why：引导学生意识到环保的重要性，呼吁大家共同努力，减少塑料垃圾所造成的危害。How：①文体特征：说明文。②写作手法：通过对比塑料易产生和难分解的两个特点，强调塑料垃圾的危害性，让学生更加直观地了解塑料垃圾问题的严重性；此外，文中通过列数字，如“6.3billion，80%，267kindsof”等，呈现了塑料污染的严峻性，易引发读者的思考。Passage4外文素材改编自ACTIVESKILLSFORREADING梳子的古与今Combs(梳子)aresocommonthatpeopleofallageswouldusethemalmosteveryday.Usedfirstasanecessarytoolinourdailylife,thecombhasdevelopedintomanyformsforalltypesofhair.Thetypeofcombsyouneedwillbedifferent.Itdependsonyourhair,aswellasthepurposeofthecomb.Combingdifferenthairrequiresdifferentcombs.Theearliestuseofthecombappearedasfarbackas5，000yearsago.Infact,manydifferentkindsofthecombhavebeenfoundthroughouthistory.Asearlyas5，500B． C.,theancientEgyptianscouldmakecombs.1题InancientChina,peopleworecombstoshowtheirsocialstatus(地位).Overtime,combshavenowdevelopedintoakindoftoolwithmoreuses,whichcanhelpcarepeople'shair.Today,therearehundredsofdifferentcombsforpeopletochooseanduse.Combsservedifferentfunctions(功能)fordifferenthairtypesandstyles.2题Typically,theyareveryhelpfulwhenyourhairisdisorderedorwet.Anothercommonuseforthecombistofixhairinoneposition.Combsmayalsobeusedtoparthairforcoloring,conditioningandbraiding(编织).Combscanalsobewornasdecorations(装饰)thatholdhairinaspecificstyle.3题Duringthe1930sand1940s,haircombwerethebestchoiceofkeepinghairbeautiful.Intheearliesttime,combsweremadefrombonesofanimals.Butlater,toprotectanimals,peoplebegantomakecombsfromwoodorplasticwhicharestillusedwidelybymostpeople.Andcombscanbemadefromgold,butit'squiteexpensiveandusuallyusedasmarriagegiftforcommonpeople.Atpresent,combsaremadeintodifferentshapesandtypesindifferentcolors.Peoplecanchoosetheirfavoritecombsastheylike.5题Butwhenusingcombs,weshouldknowwe'dbetternotuseothers'combs.Andweshouldwashorbrushourcombswithcleanwaterasoftenaspossibletokeepthemclean.【语篇研读】What：介绍了梳子的起源、作用、发展过程、制作材料和使用的注意事项等。Why：引导学生了解古代传统的手工艺品，体悟先民的智慧和文化魅力。How：①文体特征：说明文。②写作手法：文章按照时间顺序进行展开，如“5，000yearsago，Asearlyas5，500B．C.，Duringthe1930sand1940s，Intheearliesttime，Butlater，Atpresent”等，让读者能够全面地了解梳子的发展史。话题二观点建议eq\a\vs4\al\co1(（2017，2015）)Passage5(2023黑白卷)外文素材改编自THEWEEKJunior减少食物浪费Haveyoueverlookedinyourfood­wastebin(垃圾箱)?Itmaylookunpleasant,butinfactitgivesyouasignastohowmuchfoodyourfamilythrowsout.It'ssaidthatfamiliesintheUKcreatemorethansixmilliontonnesoffoodwasteeachyear.“Foodwaste”meansfoodthatcouldhavebeeneatenbutinsteadisthrownaway.Withfoodpricesrising,it'sagoodtimetobecomea“food­wastefighter”.1题Notonlywillitsavemoney,butalsoitisgoodfortheenvironment.Afterall,growing,packagingandtransportingfoodusealotofEarth'sresources.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyoubecomefood­wastefighters.First,it'sagoodideatofindoutjusthowmuchfoodgoesintoyourbin.2题Keepadiaryandnotedownthefoodsthatyouthrowoutmostoftenandwhy.3题Planningmealsforthenextweekwithyourfamilycansavetimeandmoney.MeatfromaSundayroast(烤肉)couldgointosandwichesonMonday.Bananasthatarebrownandsoftcanbebakedintobananabreadattheweekend.Potatoesandcarrots,however,lastalongtimeiftheyarekeptinacoolanddarkplace.Cookingthecorrectportion(份量)sizehelpstoo.Weighoutnoodlesorriceyouneedbeforeyoucook.Andbeforeyoufillyourplate,checkhowhungryyouaresothatyoudon'tendupwithleavingfoodbecauseyou'retoofull.It'shardtokeeptrackoffoodthat'sgonetothebackofthefridge.4题Youcouldlabel(给……贴上标签)as“Eatmefirst”foranythingthathasbeenthereforawhile.Inthisway,you'remorelikelytoeatthisfoodfirst.Yourfridgeisanotherwaytosavefood.5题Besides,someUKsupermarketshavetaken“bestbefore”datesofffruitandvegetablestoencouragepeopletousetheirnosesandeyestoworkoutifsomethingisactuallystillfinetoeat.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanaskanadultforhelp.Don'tforgettoupdate(更新)yourdiarytoseehowmanychangesyoucanmake.【语篇研读】What：介绍了世界上存在着严重的“食物浪费”现象，作者针对这种不良现象提出了五点建议。Why：引导学生关注食物浪费现象，提醒学生谨记“节约粮食，拒绝浪费”，并在实际生活中积极践行。How：①文体特征：说明文。②写作手法：文章开头通过问句引起读者的兴趣和关注；接着用下定义的说明方法来解释食物浪费的概念；此外，文章在介绍减少食物浪费的实用技巧时，采用了举例的方式，如“MeatfromaSundayroast(烤肉)couldgointosandwishesonMonday.”等，使读者更加容易理解和接受。Passage6外文素材改编自Evidence­BasedReading睡觉的奥秘Everylivingcreature(生物)needssleep.Youmaynotrealizeit,butmanyimportantthingshappentoyourbodyandmindwhileyou'resleeping.Gettingenoughsleepisextremelyimportant.Duringsleep,yourheart,lungs,muscles(肌肉)andnervoussystemcanrest.Atthesametime,theyprepareforanotherday.1题Gettingenoughsleephelpsyourbodyfightsickness,andyouwillfeelmuchbetterthenextday.Peoplewhodon'tsleepforenoughhoursmaynotthinkthattheyaresleepy,buttheyarelessabletofocusonandlearnnewinformation.2题Theywillbecomeemotional,andtheirreaction(反应)timescanbeslower.Whenyousleep,yourbodypassesthroughacyclethathasfivestages.Inthefirststage,youareeitherjustbeginningtofallasleeporaresleepinglightly.Inthesecondstageofsleep,yourbreathingandheartratebecomeregular,andyourbodytemperaturestartstodrop.Thethirdandfourthstagesarethedeepestandmostrestfulstagesofsleep.Inthesestages,yourmusclesarerelaxed,yourbreathingandheartrateareslowandregular,andenergyisstoredtoyourbody.3题Inthefifthandfinalstageofsleep,yourbraingetstherestthatitneedstofunctionwellthenextday.That'swhenyoureallyreachdeepsleep.Duringthisstageofsleep,youreachandmaintain(保持)REM(rapideyemovement),whichmeansthatyoureyeballsmoverapidlybeneathyourclosedeyelids.REMisalsothestageofsleepinwhichyour