2025届高三英语10月月考名校新题快递专题03阅读理解之说明文

专题03阅读理解之说明文【01】2024届广东省六校高三上学期其次次联考Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.London-basedAngloAmericanisdevelopingthebeastofamachine—itweighs290tons—aspartofitssustainableminingvision.Theconceptualworkisdone,butU.K-basedWilliamsAdvancedEngineeringwillbringthetrucktolife.Theideaistoreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(锂电池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.WhiletheeDumper—aminingtruckusedtomovestonesfromthesidesofmountainsinSwitzerland—reliesentirelyonpureelectricityandpurephysicsforpower,theAngloAmericantruckwillusebothalithium-ionbatteryandahydrogenfuelcell(电池)module.Altogether,thenewtruckwillhaveover1,000Kilowatthoursofenergystorage.Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgasnuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.There’salsoathirdtypeofpowerthatcomesintoplaywiththeAngloAmericantruck:kinetic(动力的)energycreatedthroughtheprocessofregenerativebraking(再生制动系统).Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.AfterAngloAmericanfinishestesttrialswiththetruck,thefirmwillconductstudiestounderstandhowthetruck’spowerunitscanbeusedtoprovideenergystorageinotherapplications.8.Whatcanbeknownabout“theeDumper”?A.Itweighsmorethan290tons.B.Itispoweredbyhydrogenfuel.C.Itwillnolongerbethelargestelectrictruck.D.Itwilldiscouragebuyersforbeingexpensive.9.WhatcanbeinferredfromCraigWilson’swords?A.Batterytechnologyisthekeytoupdatingvehicles.B.Batterytechnologyisthebasisofmanufacturingtrucks.C.Thedevelopmentofthelithium-ionbatteryislimited.D.Thefutureofthelithium-ionbatteryispromising.10.Whatisthebenefitofadoptinghydrogenfuelcells?A.Itcansavealotofmoney.B.Vehiclesbecomemoreeco-friendly.C.Ithasnoenvironmentalimpactatall.D.Vehiclesnolongerneedtoberecharged.11.Accordingtoparagraph5,whichofthefollowingcanbeafeatureofregenerativebraking?A.Autonomousbraking. B.Energytransformation.C.Simpleoperation. D.zero-carbonemission.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于伦敦的英美资源集团（AngloAmerican）正在开发一种重达290吨的卡车，这将成为世界上最大的电动卡车。【8题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第一段“Theworld’sbiggestelectricvehicle—a45-tonminingdumptrucknamedtheeDumper—mayhavetogiveupitsthrone.Thenewcomer,poweredwithbothelectricityandareserveofhydrogenfuel,isgoingtostealthattitleasthelargestelectricminingtruck.(世界上最大的电动汽车——一辆45吨重的矿山自卸车，名叫eDumper——可能不得不放弃它的宝座。这个同时运用电力和氢燃料储备新建立的车，将会夺得最大电力采矿卡车的称号。)”可知，eDumper将不再是最大的电动卡车。故选C。【9题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段中“Theideaistoreplacethevehicle’sdieselengine(柴油机)withahigh-powermodularlithium-ionbattery(锂电池).“Wearedelightedtobeinvolvedinthisinnovativeandexcitingprojectwhichshowsthepotentialofbatterytechnologythatcanadapttoincreaseddemands,fromautomotiveandmotorsportto‘heavyduty’industrialapplications,”CraigWilson,managingdirectorofWilliamsAdvancedEngineering,said.(这个想法是用一个大功率的模块化锂离子电池来代替汽车的柴油发动机。“我们很兴奋参与这个创新和令人兴奋的项目，它展示了电池技术的潜力，可以适应从汽车和赛车到‘重型’工业应用等不断增长的需求。”)”可知，从CraigWilson的话可以看出，锂离子电池的将来充溢希望。故选D。【10题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第四段“Hydrogenfuelisaclearfuelthatproducesonlywaterasaby-productwhenconsumedinafuelcell.It’stypicallyproducedfromnaturalgas,nuclearpower,orrenewablewindandsolarpower.Addinghydrogenfuelcellstothevehicle’sbatterywillallowthetrucktorunforlongerperiodsoftimewithoutrecharging.(氢燃料是一种清洁的燃料，在燃料电池中消耗时只产生副产品水。它通常由自然气、核能或可再生风能和太阳能发电产生。将氢燃料电池添加到汽车的电池将允许卡车运行更长的时间不用充电。)”可知，氢燃料电池是一种更加环保的电池，由此可知，采纳氢燃料电池的好处是汽车变得更加环保。故选B。【11题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第五段中“Whenanelectricvehicle—beittheAngloAmericantruck,ortheeDumper—rollsdownahill,thatmovementcreateselectricalenergyforthebatteryasyoubrake.Theelectricmotorspowerthecarthroughthebattery’sstoredenergy,butcanalsobecomeminigeneratorsthatreturnsomeenergybacktothebattery.(当一辆电动汽车——无论是英美卡车还是eDumper——从山上滚下来时，这种运动会在刹车时为电池产生电能。电动马达通过电池储存的能量为汽车供应动力，但也可以成为迷你发电机，将一些能量返回给电池。)”可知，能量转换是再生制动的一个特性，故选B。【02】安徽省皖豫名校联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次联考TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60yearsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.Bylookingatthedifferenceinhowmuchsnowfellinwinter,andhowmuchicemeltsinsummer,scientistscanmeasurehowmuchaglacierhasshrunkinanygivenyear.Sincelastwinter,whichbroughtrelativelylittlesnowfall,theAlpshavegonethroughtwobigearlysummerheatwaves—includingoneinJulymarkedbytemperaturesnear30ºCintheSwissmountainvillageofZermatt.Duringthisheatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenormalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)becausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3ºCperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.Ifgreenhousegasemissionscontinuetorise,theAlps’glaciersareexpectedtolosemorethan80%oftheircurrentmassby2100.Manywilldisappearregardlessofwhateveractionistakennow,thankstoglobalwarmingbakedinbypastemissions,accordingtoa2024reportbytheUNIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.Swissresidentsworrythattheglacierlosseswillhurttheireconomy.SomeskiresortsoftheAlps,whichrelyontheseglaciers,nowcoverthemselveswithwhitesheetstoreflectsunlightandreducemelting.Swissglaciersfeatureinmanyofthecountry’sfairytales,andtheAletschGlacierisconsideredaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.“Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournationalheritageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.12.WhathappenedtotheelevationatwhichwaterfrozeintheAlps?A.Itremainedunchanged. B.Itincreasedsharply.C.Itreachedanewlow. D.Itdroppednoticeably.13.What’sthemainpurposeofparagraph3?A.ToshowtemperaturesarerisingintheAlps.B.Toproveclimatechangeleadstoheatwaves.C.ToexplainwhytheAlps’glaciersareindanger.D.TopredictwhatwillhappentotheAlps’glaciers.14.WhatdidBernardinChavaillazexpressinthelastparagraph?A.Hisadviceonprotectingglaciers. B.Hisconfusioninfindinghisidentity.C.Hisconcernoverthelossofglaciers. D.Hisinterestinimprovingtheeconomy.15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappearingRapidlyB.ClimateChangeIsPresentingaThreattotheAlpsC.SummerHeatwavesHittheAlpsMoreFrequentlyD.MeasuresAreNeededtoProtecttheAlps’Glaciers【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是由于气候变更，世界上大多数山地冰川正在消融，其中欧洲阿尔卑斯山的冰川尤其脆弱。数据显示，阿尔卑斯山冰川的溶化面积可能会创下近60年来的新高。【12题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段的“Duringthisheatwave,theelevation(海拔)atwhichwaterfrozewasmeasuredatarecordhighof5,184meters—atanaltitudehigherthanMontBlanc’s—comparedwiththenormalsummerlevelofbetween3,000-3,500meters.(在这次热浪中，水结冰的海拔达到了创纪录的5184米——比勃朗峰还要高——相比之下，正常的夏季海拔在3000-3500米之间。)”可知，在这次热浪中，阿尔卑斯山脉的冰点海拔高度达到创纪录的5184米，而正常夏天的冰点高度一般介于3000米至3500米之间，因此它是急速上升。故选B。【13题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段“Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerable(脆弱的)becausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.Meanwhile,temperaturesintheAlpsarewarmingataround0.3ºCperdecade—aroundtwiceasfastastheglobalaverage.(由于气候变更，世界上大部分山地冰川都在缩小。但欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉的山脉尤其脆弱，因为它们面积较小，冰覆盖相对较少。与此同时，阿尔卑斯山的气温正以每十年0.3摄氏度的速度上升——大约是全球平均速度的两倍。)”可知，第三段的主要目的是说明阿尔卑斯山的冰川为何处于危急之中。故选C。【14题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段““Losingtheglaciersmeanslosingournationalheritageandouridentity,”saidhikerBernardinChavaillaz.(登山者BernardinChavaillaz说:“失去冰川意味着失去我们的民族遗产和身份。”)”可知，BernardinChavaillaz在最终一段表达了他对冰川消逝的担忧。故选C。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“TheAlps’glaciers(冰川)areontrackfortheirhighestmasslossesinatleast60yearsofrecordkeeping,datasharedwithReutersshows.(路透社共享的数据显示，阿尔卑斯山的冰川正在经验至少60年来最大的大规模损失。)”和第三段的“Mostoftheworld’smountainglaciersareshrinkingduetoclimatechange.ButthoseintheEuropeanAlpsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausetheyaresmallerwithrelativelylittleicecover.(由于气候变更，世界上大部分山地冰川都在缩小。但欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉的山脉尤其脆弱，因为它们面积较小，冰覆盖相对较少。)”可知，本文主要讲的是由于气候变更，世界上大多数山地冰川正在消融，其中欧洲阿尔卑斯山的冰川尤其脆弱。数据显示，阿尔卑斯山冰川的溶化面积可能会创下近60年来的新高，因此最好的题目是A选项“GlaciersintheAlpsAreDisappearingRapidly(阿尔卑斯山的冰川正在快速消逝)”，故选A。【03】广东省广州市第五中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月月Parentingtechniquesmayhavelonglastingconsequencesforbehavior—evenwhenitcomestodogs.ResearchersattheUniversityofPennsylvaniastudiedtheearlydevelopmentparentingandthefollowingperformanceof98puppieswhounderwentguidedogtraining.Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.ThestudywaspublishedMondayinthejournalProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Mom-pupinteractionswereusedtodefinehowhighlyinvolvedthepuppy’smotherswere.Puppiesraisedwithhighlyinvolvedmothersweremorelikelytobereleased—ordroppedoutfromtheguidedogprogram—comparedtothosewithlessattentivemothers.“Toomuchofagoodthingcanbeabadthing,”saidleadstudyresearcherEmilyBray.Althoughthestudycouldn’tdefinitelypointtowhatwasdrivingthiseffect,“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing(专横的)mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed,”sheexplained.“WhatIwashappyaboutwasthatthereisastudybeingdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesindogs,”anotherresearcherDoloresHolesaid.“Ifthemomistryingtoprotectherpupsagainstsmallchallenges,thentheywillnotbesuitedforthebigchallenges.”Thestudyincludedthreebreeds(品种):Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGoldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.Asforwhetherthefindingscanbeappliedtohumanbabiesofso-called“helicopterparents,”Braywashesitant.“Ithinkpeoplecandrawparallels(相像之处),butIthinkyoualsohavetobecarefulbecausetheyaredifferentspecies,”shesaid.Sheadded,“Thenicethingaboutdogsisthattheyarealotlesscomplicatedthanhumans.”8.Whatmakessuccessfulguidedogsaccordingtothestudy?A.Lessattentiveowners. B.Morepracticaltraining.C.Lesssupportivemothers. D.Moretenseenvironment.9.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A.Thenecessityofmom-pupinteractions.B.Somecharacteristicsofgoodguidedogs.C.Thesignificanceofhighparentalinvolvement.D.Potentialcausesofsomepuppies’poorperformance.10.WhatcanweknowaboutLabradorretrieversinthestudy?A.Theychoosetostay. B.Theyfailtobequalified.C.Theyrisetochallenges. D.Theyareeasytonotice.11.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ParentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogsB.GuidedogsarelesscomplicatedthanhumansC.ResearchershelpraisepublicawarenessofblindpeopleD.Astudyisdoneaboutearlylifeexperiencesofhumanbabies【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者分析了犬类早期家庭教化对于其后天实力形成及个体发展的影响。通过试验结果进行阐述，并探讨了这一结论是否能被应用于人类身上这一点。【8题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“Dogswhoreceivedmoreindependenceandlesssupportfromtheirmothersweremorelikelytobesuccessfulinbecomingaguidedog.(从母亲那里获得更多独立性和较少支持的狗更有可能胜利成为导盲犬。)”可知，来自母亲的支持更少的狗狗更可能成为一条胜利的导盲犬。故选C。【9题详解】主旨大意题。依据第四段中“onepossibilityisthatthedogsthatarehavingoverbearing（专横的）mothersarenevergiventhechancetodealwithsmallchallengesontheirown,andisharmfultotheirlaterbehaviorandoutcomeintheirproblemsolving.Anotherpossibilityisthatthepuppiesforwhomthemothersarealwaysaroundarealsothemostanxiousorstressed.(一种可能是，那些有专横的母亲的狗从来没有机会自己处理小挑战，这对它们以后的行为和解决问题的结果是有害的。另一种可能是，总是有妈妈在身边的小狗也是最焦虑或压力最大的。)”可知，本段主要说明白有一些狗狗不能成为导盲犬的缘由，即第四段主要分析了使得狗宝宝表现不佳的缘由。故选D。【10题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第六段中“Thestudyincludedthreebreeds（品种）:Germanshepherds,LabradorretrieversandGoldenretrievers.Thepuppieswerefollowedfromthefirstweeksoflifeforseveralyears.Interestingly,Labradorretrieverstendedtowashoutfromtheprogram,whileGoldenretrieverstendedtosucceed.(该探讨的探讨对象包括三个品种：德牧、拉布拉多和金毛。这些幼犬从诞生后几周就被跟踪视察了数年。好玩的是，拉布拉多猎犬往往会被淘汰，而金毛往往会胜利。)”可知，拉布拉多猎犬往往会被淘汰，而金毛往往会胜利。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。依据本文通过试验举例分析了父母早期教化对于犬类日后成长发展的影响，并探讨了不同教化对于犬类的不同影响。A选项“Parentingtechniquescanapplytoguidedogs.(育儿技巧也适用于导盲犬)”最能概括文章内容。故选A。【04】浙江省强基联盟2024-2025学年高三上学期10月联考InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.Theblood-typebeliefhasbeenusedinunusualways.ThewomensoftballteamthatwongoldforJapanattheBeijingOlympicsisreportedtohaveusedblood-typetheoriestocustomizetrainingforeachplayer.Somekindergartenshaveadoptedteachingmethodsalongbloodgrouplines,andevenmajorcompaniesreportedlymakedecisionsaboutassignmentsbasedonanemployee’sbloodtype.In1990,MitsubishiElectronicswasreportedtohaveannouncedtheformationofateamcomposedentirelyofABworkers,thanksto“theirabilitytomakeplans”.Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.OneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeB.In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.8.What’sthemainideaofparagraph1?A.TheJapaneseattachgreatimportancetobloodtype.B.ThebooksaboutbloodtypearepopularinJapan.C.TheJapaneseconfirmtheirpersonalitytotallythroughbloodtype.D.TheJapanesethinkbloodtypebestsellersareimportanttotheirself-image.9.Accordingtothepassage,whichbloodtypecanweinferistheLEASTfavoredinJapan?A.TypeA. B.TypeB.C.TypeO. D.TypeAB.10.PrimeMinisterRyuMatsumotoresignedfromofficebecause________.A.herevealedhisrival’sbloodtypeB.hewasseenbehavingrudelyonTVC.heblamedhisfailingsonlocalofficialsD.hewasdiscriminatedagainstbecauseofbloodtype11.Whatisthespeaker’sattitudetowardtheblood-typebeliefinJapan?A.Negative. B.Defensive.C.Objective. D.Encouraging.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.A【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍血型在日本特别重要，以日本人在血型上的看法。【8题详解】主旨大意题。依据第一段“InJapan,youarewhatyourbloodtypeis.Aperson’sbloodtypeispopularlybelievedtodecidehis/hercharacterandpersonality.Type-Apeoplearegenerallyconsideredsensitiveperfectionistsandgoodteamplayers,butover-anxious.TypeOsarecuriousandgenerousbutstubborn.TypeABsareartisticbutmysteriousandunpredictable,andtypeBsarecheerfulbuteccentric,individualistic,andselfish.Thoughlackingscientificevidence,thisbeliefiswidelyseeninbooks,magazines,andtelevisionshows.Lastyear,fourofJapan’stop10bestsellerswereabouthowbloodtypedeterminespersonality,throughwhichreadersseemedtobeabletodiscoverthedefinitionoftheirbloodtypeorhavetheirself-imageconfirmed.”（在日本，你就是你的血型。人们普遍认为，一个人的血型确定了他/她的性格和特性。A类人通常被认为是敏感的完备主义者和优秀的团队合作者，但过于焦虑。O型性格新奇心强，慷慨大方，但很固执。AB型是艺术型，但神奇莫测；B型是欢乐型，但怪异，个人主义，自私。尽管缺乏科学证据，但这一信念在书籍、杂志和电视节目中广泛存在。去年，日本十大畅销书中有四本是关于血型如何确定特性的，通过这些书，读者好像能够发觉血型的定义，或者确认他们的自我形象）可知，第一段主要讲解并描述日本人认为他们的血型很重要。故选A。【9题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段“Thebeliefevenaffectspolitics.OneformerprimeministerconsidereditimportantenoughtorevealinhisofficialprofilethathewasatypeA,whilehisoppositionrivalwastypeBIn2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.Inhisresignationspeech,heblamedhisfailingsonthefactthathewasbloodtypeB.”（这种信仰甚至影响政治。一位前首相认为，在其官方简介中透露自己是A型血人足够重要，而他的反对对手是B型血人。2011年，部长松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职，当时电视转播了他与地方官员的一次脾气急躁的遭受。在辞职演说中，他将自己的失败归咎于自己是B型血）可知，前首相让民众信任自己的对手是B型血，以及松本龙一把自己的失败归咎于是B型血。由此推知，B型血应当是最不被大家喜爱的血型。故选B。【10题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第三段“In2011,aminister,RyuMatsumoto,wasforcedtoresignafteronlyaweekinoffice,whenabad-temperedencounterwithlocalofficialswastelevised.”（2011年，一位部长松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职，当时电视转播了他与地方官员的一次脾气急躁的遭受）可知，松本龙一在任职仅一周后就被迫辞职是因为转播了他的不当行为。故选B。【11题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段“Theblood-typecraze,consideredsimplyharmlessfunbysomeJapanese,mayrevealitselfasprejudiceanddiscrimination.Infact,thisseemssocommonthattheJapanesenowhaveatermforit:bura-hara,meaningblood-typeharassment(骚扰).Therearereportsofdiscriminationleadingtochildrenbeingbullied,endingofhappyrelationships,andlossofjobopportunitiesduetobloodtype.”（血型热，被一些日本人认为是无害的玩笑，可能会暴露出偏见和卑视。事实上，这好像很常见，日本人现在有了一个术语：burahara，意思是血型骚扰。有报道称，卑视导致儿童受到欺压，结束了华蜜的关系，并因血型而失去了工作机会）推知，作者对血型是消极的看法。故选A。【05】湖南省长沙市长郡中学2024-2025学高三上学期月考卷（二）HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,accordingtoanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce(莴苣),actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfacingincreasedthreatsfromclimatechangeandhabitatloss.Thecropsthatthehumanracenowdependson,includinggrainslikewheatandtreefruitlikepeaches,originallywereselectedorbred(培育)fromplantsthatgrewwildhundredsorthousandsofyearsago.IntheU.S.,therearewildancestorsofblueberries,sweetpotatoes,onions,potatoes,andmanyotherfoodcrops.“Someofthemarequitecommon,”saysColinKhoury,aresearchscientistattheInternationalCenterforTropicalAgriculture.“Wildlettuceplantsgrowalongsidewalks,orinbackyards,butgounrecognized.”Othercroprelativesarerareandthreatened.OneofKhoury’sfavoritesistheparadoxicalsunflower.”ItgrowsjustinwetlandsofthedesertsofNewMexicoandTexas.Littlesaltyareaswherethere’salittlebitofwaterbeneaththesoil,”hesays.Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoilcontainsmoresalt.Otherwildrelativesmaybehidingsimilarlyremarkablegifts,Khourysays,suchasgenesthatcouldhelptheirdomesticatedrelativessurvivediseases,ordealwithpests.Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelativesthatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatmostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farminganddevelopment.Thescientistsarguethattheydeservemoreprotection.Foronething,“genebanks”shouldcollectandpreservethem.Inaddition,theseplantsneedmoreprotectionintheirnaturalhabitat.AccordingtoKhoury,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeansettingasidelandforthem.Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat’smanagedbytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLandManagement(BLM).“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplantsactuallyexist,”hesays.28.Whatdidthenewstudymainlyfocuson?A.Endangeredplantspecies.B.Wildrelativesoffoodcrops.C.Theimpactsofclimatechange.D.Thethreatsfromplanthabitatloss.29.Whatdoweknowabouttheparadoxicalsunflower?A.Itneedsmuchwatertogrowwell.B.Itgrowsalongsidewalksorinbackyards.C.Itseemscapableofsurvivingvariousdiseases.D.Ithelpscommercialsunflowersadapttosaltysoil.30.Howmightthescientistsfeelabouttheirsurveyresults?A.Relieved. B.Concerned. C.Annoyed. D.Critical.31.WhatmightKhourysuggesttheBLMdo?A.JoinhandswiththeUSFS.B.Setasidelandforwildplants.C.Collectgenesofthreatenedcropspecies.D.Learnaboutplantsonitsmanagedland.【答案】28.B29.D30.B31.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。我们现在所食用的多种植物都是从远古时期就存在的野生植物嫁接或育种而来。然而，这些植物的“野生远亲”现在却被人们弃之如草芥，没有得到应有的爱护和敬重。探讨人员认为，这些野生植物在帮助我们现存的植物应对气候变更、病虫害及栖息地丢失方面可以发挥巨大的作用，我们应当对其加大爱护力度。【28题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段的“HundredsofnativeNorthAmericanplants,oftendismissedasweeds,deservealotmorerespect,accordingtoanewstudy.Theseplants,distantcousinsoffoodslikesunflowersandlettuce,actuallyrepresentabotanicaltreasurenowfacingincreasedthreatsfromclimatechangeandhabitatloss.(依据一项新的探讨，数百种北美本土植物，通常被认为是杂草，应当得到更多的敬重。这些植物是向日葵和生菜等食物的远亲，事实上是一种面临气候变更和栖息地丢失日益严峻威逼的植物珍宝。)”可知，这项新探讨主要关注的是粮食作物的野生亲缘。故选B。【29题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Soplantgrowerscrossbreditwithcommercialsunflowersandcreatednewvarietiesthatcangrowinplaceswherethesoilcontainsmoresalt.(因此，植物种植者将它与商业向日葵杂交，创建出可以在土壤含盐更多的地方生长的新品种。)”可知，“theparadoxicalsunflower”与商用向日葵杂交产生的向日葵可适应含盐高的土壤。故选D。【30题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段中的“Khouryandsomeofhiscolleaguesjustfinishedasurveyofabout600wildcroprelativesthatgrowinNorthAmerica,andtheyfoundthatmostoftheseplantsarethreatenedbythingslikefires,farminganddevelopment.(库里和他的一些同事刚刚完成了一项对大约600种生长在北美的野生作物亲属的调查，他们发觉这些植物中的大多数都受到火灾、农业和开发等因素的威逼。)”可知，科学家们对约600种野生植物进行了调研后发觉，其中绝大多数的生存状况不容乐观，受到了诸如火灾、农耕及社会发展的威逼。由此可推知，科学家们对其发觉会感到担忧。故选B。【31题详解】推理推断题。依据最终一段的“Inmanycases,theplantsalreadyaregrowingonpubliclandthat’smanagedbytheU.S.ForestService(USFS)ortheBureauofLandManagement(BLM).(在很多状况下，这些植物已经生长在由美国林务局(USFS)或土地管理局(BLM)管理的公共土地上。)”和“It’smoreaboutjustbeingawarethattheseplantsactuallyexist(更重要的是要意识到这些植物的确存在)”可推知，Khoury可能会建议美国内政部土地管理局去了解其管辖范围内的植物，从而爱护这些野生植物。故选D。【06】河南省试验中学2024-2025学年高三上学期其次次月考TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.Nearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingaswellaslighting.Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves,spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.WHOofficialssayindoorpollutionleadstoearlydeathsfromstroke,heartandlungdisease,childhoodpneumoniaandlungcancer.Womenandgirlsarethemainvictims.Thesediseasescanoftenresultfromtheburningofsolidfuels.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwaste,cropwasteandcharcoal.TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentofhouseholdsinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatermalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.NigelBraceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodcook-stovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.Therearealreadymultipletechnologiesavailableforuseincleanfuels.Thereisreallyquiteaneffectiveandreasonablylow-costalcoholstovemadebyDometic(aSweden-basedcompany)thatisnowbeingtestedout.LPG(LiquefieldPetroleumGas)cookisobviouslywidelyavailableandeffortsareunderwaytomakethoseefficient.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.WHOexpertsnotethatsomenew,safeandlow-costtechnologiesthatcouldhelparealreadyavailable.InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout$8.00.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampforlessthan$1.00.Butthis,theagencysays,isjustastart.Itisurgingdevelopingcountriestousecleanerfuelsandincreaseaccesstocleanerandmoremoderncookingandheatingappliances/devices.12Whatdoestheindoorpollutionmainlyresultfrom?A.Poisonousfuels. B.Hightechnology. C.Spaceheaters. D.Solarenergy.13.HowisParagraph3mainlydeveloped?A.Byshowingdifferences. B.Bydescribingaprocess.C.Bymakingalist. D.Byanalyzingdata.14.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Indoorpollutionresultsinsomedeaths.B.Mostofthedeathsareindevelopingcountries.C.Thesolidfuelsareusedinmoreeffectiveways.D.Thereisnoindoorpollutionindevelopedcountries.15.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.LPGcooksarebeingtestedout. B.Alcoholstovesarewidelyusednow.C.Electricinductionstovesareexpensive. D.SolarlampsareverycheapinAfrica.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。世界卫生组织警告称，每年有数百万人死于室内空气污染。近30亿人无法运用清洁燃料和技术来做饭、取温煦照明。文章说明白室内污染导致死亡的主要缘由、引发疾病以及应对措施等。【12题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段“Thesefindingsshowthattheuseofdeadlyfuelsininefficientstoves,spaceheatersorlightsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.(这些发觉表明，在低效的炉子、空间加热器或照明中运用致命燃料是造成很多死亡的缘由)”可知，室内污染的主要缘由是有毒燃料。故选A。【13题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段“WHO