适用于新教材2025版高考英语一轮总复习Unit4SpaceExploration试题新人教版必修第三册

必修第三册UNIT4Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024湖北宜昌一模)AstudyconfirmedthatthecracksfoundonMars’ssurfacelastyearbytheCuriosityRoverareevidenceofancientlakesthatlikelydriedupabout3.5billionyearsago.ThenewstudyprovidesfurtherevidenceofwhattheclimateontheRedPlanetmayhavebeenlikeinitsancientpast.Thestudy,publishedonlineinGeology,provedthatcracksonMars’ssurfacepreviouslyphotographedbyCuriosityaredrymudcrackswhichcouldhaveonlybeenformedwhenwetgroundwasexposedtotheair.Thisconclusionwasbasedonananalysisofasingleareaofrockknownas“OldSoaker”.ResearchersusedtheCuriosityRoverandinformationfromitsmanytoolsincludingtheMarsHandLensImager,ChemCamLaser-InducedBreakdownSpectrometer(LIBS)andtheAlphaParticleX-RaySpectrometer(APXS)tostudyboththephysicalappearanceandthechemistryoftherock,whichisdescribedasnobiggerthanacoffeetable.Theanalysisshowedthatcracksontherockswereformedbyexposuretoair,ratherthanheatortheflowofwater.Inaddition,theshapeofthecrackssuggestsitexperiencedasingledryingeventontheplanet,ratherthangettingwetanddryingoverrepeatedly.Thepositionofthecracks,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit,alsosuggeststhatthelakelevelschangedoften,risingandfallingovertime.“Themudcracksareexcitingbecausetheyhelpustounderstandthisancientlakesystem,”leadstudyauthorNathanielStein,ageologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,said,referringtotheancientlakesystemontheplanet.ScientistshaveknownoftheexistenceofancientwateronMarsforyears.A2015NASAstudythatmeasuredwaterinMars’satmospheresuggestedthatancientoceansmayoncehavehadmorewaterthanourownArcticOcean.However,becausetheplanethaslessgravityandathinneratmospherethanEarth,thiswaterevaporated(蒸发)intospaceoverthecourseofseveralbillionyears.1.WhatistheCuriosityRover?A.Anorganization.B.Ascientist.C.Aplanet. D.Amachine.2.WhatdoweknowaboutthediscoveryonMars?A.Thecracksarenearthecenterofanancientlake.B.Marswasgettingwetanddryingmorethanonce.C.ThelakelevelonMarsseldomchangesovertime.D.Thecracksontherockswereformedbywaterflow.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.AncientwaterstillexistsonMarsnow.B.ThegravityonMarsisstrongerthanthatonEarth.C.TheatmosphereonEarthisthickerthanthatonMars.D.TheancientArcticOceanhadmorewaterthanithasnow.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.WateronMars.B.AtriptoMars.C.AstudyonMars.D.CracksonMars.B(2024安徽皖南八校三模)Whatdoesittaketobecomeanastronaut?It’saquestionthat’sbeenaskedsincethestartoftheSpaceAgeinthe1960s.Inthosedays,pilotswereconsideredthemostwell-trainedprofessionals,somilitaryflierswerefirstinlinetogotospace.Morerecently,peoplefromawiderangeofprofessionalbackgrounds—doctors,scientists,andeventeachers—havetrainedtoliveandworkinnear-Earthorbit.Evenso,thoseselectedtogotospacemustmeethighstandards.Peoplewhowanttobecomeastronautsmustbeintopphysicalcondition.Eachcountry’sspaceprogramhashealthrequirementsforitsspacetravelers.Theyusuallyassessacandidate’sfitnesstowithstandsomeprettytoughconditions.Forexample,agoodcandidatemusthavetheabilitytoenduretherigorsoflift-offandtofunctioninweightlessness.Allastronautsmusthavegoodvisualacuityandnormalbloodpressure.Beyondthat,thereisnoagelimit.Mostastronauttraineesarebetweentheagesof25and46,althougholderpeoplehavealsoflowntospacelaterintheircareers.Peoplewhogotospaceareusuallyself-confident,risk-takers,adeptatstressmanagementandmultitasking.Theyalsoneedtobeabletoworkaspartofateamforanygivenassignment.OnEarth,astronautsareusuallyrequiredtoperformvariouspublicrelationsduties,suchasspeakingtothepublic,workingwithotherprofessionals,andsometimeseventestifyingbeforegovernmentofficials.So,astronautswhocanrelatewelltomanydifferentkindsofpeopleareseenasvaluableteammembers.Often,astronautshaveabackgroundasscientistsandmanyhavehigh-leveldegrees,likePh.Ds.Othershavemilitarytrainingorspaceindustryexpertise.Regardlessoftheirbackground,onceanastronautisacceptedintoacountry’sspaceprogram,heorshegoesthroughrigoroustrainingtoactuallyliveandworkinspace.5.Whichofthefollowingisofleastimportancetoanastronaut?A.Normalbloodpressure.B.Goodeyesight.C.Toughbody.D.Youngage.6.Whyareastronautsaskedtoperformpublicduties?A.Tomakethemfamousamongpeople.B.Torelievetheirfeelingoftension.C.Toraisetheirawarenessofteamwork.D.Topromotepublicinterestintheaerospace.7.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.EveryoneCanBeanAstronautB.TheProfessionalQualitiesofanAstronautC.TrainingAstronautsisMuchEasierNowadaysD.It’sNotMysterioustobeanAstronautⅡ.完形填空(2024河北石家庄二模)IstartedcookingwhenIwasthirteen.Bothofmyparentsworked,soIwasusually1afterschool.Oneday,myparentsforgotto2dinnerbeforetheywenttowork.Aswewereshortofmoney,eatingoutwasbeyond3.SoIdecidedtobethe4oftheday.

Afewmomentslater,I5tocookfriedrice,thebestoptionoutof6resources,includingmycookingknowledge.After7apanonthestoveandturninguptheheat,itsoonbegantosizzle.IwassohungrythatI8andthreweverythingintothepanalltogether.Inwentrice,piecesofmeatandvegetables.LittledidIknowthatthe9ofingredients(食材)wascrucialincooking.I10waitedforthemeattobethoroughlycooked,butotheringredientswere11.Atfirst,Imistookitasasteamfromcooking,butIsoon12somethingwenthorriblywrongwhensmoke13tofillthekitchen.

Laterthatday,mymothertoldme,“Youcannotrushyourselfwhencooking.”Rather,Ishouldtakesteps,turningtothebasics,suchaslearningabouttheingredientsand14therecipe.

I’velearnedthatthefirst15seemshardbutweshouldjuststartandletthejourneyteachus.

1.A.alone B.energeticC.anxious D.excited2.A.enjoy B.prepareC.serve D.take3.A.expectation B.controlC.description D.budget4.A.owner B.rulerC.chef D.researcher5.A.agreed B.settledC.failed D.switched6.A.various B.deliciousC.pricey D.limited7.A.placing B.coveringC.washing D.breaking8.A.quit B.sleptC.rushed D.collapsed9.A.standard B.orderC.quality D.amount10.A.proudly B.unconsciouslyC.fearfully D.eagerly11.A.burning B.explodingC.disappearing D.mixing12.A.insisted B.declaredC.grasped D.explained13.A.stopped B.reducedC.existed D.emerged14.A.workingon B.fixingonC.referringto D.contributingto15.A.race B.tryC.route D.ride

参考答案必修第三册UNIT4Ⅰ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了火星上的裂缝。一项探讨证明,去年“新奇号”火星探测器在火星表面发觉的裂缝是远古湖泊干枯的证据,并分析了该裂缝。1.D细微环节理解题。依据其次段内容可知这项发表在《地质学》杂志网络版上的探讨证明,之前“新奇号”拍摄到的火星表面的裂缝是干泥裂缝,只有在潮湿的地面暴露在空气中时才会形成。由此可知,CuriosityRover是火星探测器。2.A细微环节理解题。依据第四段中“Thepositionofthecracks,closertothecenteroftheancientlakeratherthanalongsideit,alsosuggeststhatthelakelevelschangedoften,risingandfallingovertime.”可知,这些裂缝靠近一个古湖的中心。3.C推理推断题。依据最终一段中“However,becausetheplanethaslessgravityandathinneratmospherethanEarth”可知,地球的大气层比火星的厚。4.D主旨大意题。依据第一段内容以及下文对该裂缝的分析,可知,这篇文章是关于火星裂缝的。故选D项。【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了成为一名宇航员须要具备的条件。5.D细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“Beyondthat,thereisnoagelimit.Mostastronauttraineesarebetweentheagesof25and46,althougholderpeoplehavealsoflowntospacelaterintheircareers.”可知,成为宇航员并没有严格的年龄限制,甚至有人在年龄较大的时候也飞向过太空,可知相比其他条件,年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。6.C推理推断题。依据第三段中“Theyalsoneedtobeabletoworkaspartofateam...So,astronautswhocanrelatewelltomanydifferentkindsofpeopleareseenasvaluableteammembers.”可知,宇航员被要求履行公共职责是熬炼他们的团队合作实力,提高他们的团队合作意识,使他们成为团队中有价值的成员。7.B主旨大意题。文章第一句“Whatdoesittaketobecomeanastronaut?”以设问的方式引起下文,是文章的主旨句,接下来详细分析了成为一名宇航员须要具备的专业素养,包括身体素养、心理素养、专业学问等,所以B项“宇航员的职业素养”概括了文章内容,适合作为标题。Ⅱ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲解并描述了自己第一次学做饭的经验,告知我们第一次尝试好像很难,但我们总应当起先。1.A依据上文“Bothofmyparentsworked”可知“我”的父母都在工作