新教材适用2024-2025学年高中英语Unit3DiverseCulturesSectionⅣ写作指导夯基提能作业新人教版必修第三册

UNIT3SectionⅣⅠ.阅读理解(2024·辽宁省大连市第一中学高一下测试)“Goodmorning，”thenewteachersaid.“I'mErnestoFlores,yourteacherforfifthgrade.”Inallhisyearsinschool,Juliohadneverheardateacherusehisorherfirstname.Ofcourse,thestudentsalwaysfoundoutwhattheywere,butitwasuptothestudentstodiscoverthisinformationforthemselves.“NowI'dliketofindoutwhoyouare，”saidMrFlores.Hebegantocalltheroll(点名),startingwiththeboys.Julioshookhishead.Teachersalwaysbeganwiththegirls.“JulioSanchez”calledMrFlores,pronouncingitHulio.ThatwasthecorrectwaytosaythenameinSpanish.Severalkidslaughed.TheyhadneverheardJulio'snamepronouncedwithouttheJ．MrFloreslookedupfromtherollbook.“Isn'tthathowyousayyourname？”heaskedJulio.“OrdoyoupreferJuliowithaJ？”“Athome,theycallmeHulio.ButatschooleveryonecallsmeJulio，”Juliosaid.“Doyouliketwopronunciationsofyourname？”askedtheteacher.“It'sagoodSpanishnameandyoushouldbeproudofit.”Juliosmiled.“Iknow，”hesaid，“butitdoesn'tmattertome.”“Areyousure？”askedMrFlores.“Yournameisaveryimportantpartofyou.”Juliothoughtforamoment.“Okay，”hesaid.“Fromnowon,everyonepleasecallmeHulio.PuertoRico,whereIwasborn,usedtobeaSpanishcolony(殖民地)．”“That'sright，”saidMrFlores.“CanyoutellussomethingaboutPuertoRico？”“IcameherewhenIwasonlyeightmonthsold.Idon'trememberanything，”Julioreplied.“Ithinkyoucaninterviewyourparentsinstead，”MrFloressaid.Julionodded.Itwouldbefuntolearnmoreabouttheplacewherehehadbeenborn.JuliohadtoadmitthatMrFloreswascreativeandinteresting.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了Julio(胡里奥)的名字始终被念错，直到新老师MrFlores(弗洛里斯)出现，他不仅让Julio正确朗读自己的名字，也告知他要去了解更多关于自己诞生地信息的故事。1．WhydidJulioshakehishead？CA．Thenewteacherwasaman.B．Thenewteacherusedhisfullname.C．Thenewteacherstartedtherollwiththeboys.D．Thenewteacheraskedhimaquestion.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段中的“Hebegantocalltheroll(点名)，startingwiththeboys.Julioshookhishead.Teachersalwaysbeganwiththegirls.(他起先点名，从男生起先。胡里奥摇了摇头。老师总是从女生起先。)”可知，Julio摇头是因为新老师从男生起先点名。故选C。2．Whydidsomekidslaugh？CA．Theydidn'tlikeSpanish.B．TheyfoundthatJuliohadafunnyname.C．Theythoughttheteacherhadmadeamistakeinpronunciation.D．Theydidn'texpectJulio'snametobecalledfirst.解析：推理推断题。依据第四段中的“Severalkidslaughed.TheyhadneverheardJulio'snamepronouncedwithouttheJ．(几个孩子都笑了。他们从来没有听过胡里奥的名字发音不带J。)”可推知，孩子们笑是因为他们认为老师在发音上犯了错误。故选C。3．WhatwouldJulioprobablydoafterschool？DA．Discovermoreinformationabouthisnewteacher.B．Learnhowtopronouncehisnamecorrectly.C．Usethenewnamehisnewteachergavetohim.D．Findoutmoreabouthisbirthplace.解析：推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Julionodded.Itwouldbefuntolearnmoreabouttheplacewherehehadbeenborn.(胡里奥点点头。更多地了解他诞生的地方会很好玩。)”可推知，Julio或许在放学后会了解更多关于他诞生地的信息。故选D。4．InJulio'smind,whatkindofteacherwasMrFlores？DA．Strict. B．Proud.C．Hard-working D．Different.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段“JuliohadtoadmitthatMrFloreswascreativeandinteresting.(胡里奥不得不承认弗洛雷斯先生很有创建力，也很好玩。)”可推知，Julio认为MrFlores是别出心裁的。故选D。Ⅱ.七选五依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Doyouliketravelling?Haveyoueverthoughttravellingisalljustaboutfun？Actually,travellingprovidesuswithfunandrelaxation.1.EHerearesomereasonstomakeyourealizethat.Travellinghelpsexplorenewcultures.Everyplaceintheworldhasadifferentculture,whichdependsuponthelanguagespokenbythenatives,thehistoryoftheplace,andthelifestyleofthepeople.Ifyoulovetoknowaboutdifferentcultures,thentravellingisthebestchoiceforyou.2.DTravellinghelpsdiscovernewcuisine(菜肴)．3.CEveryplacehasauniquetasteinfood.Ifyouareafoodieandlovefoodsomuchthentravelingallowsyoutoexploretruecuisinefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.4.AToday,itisimportanttobuildrelationships.Travellingcanhelpusinestablishingnewconnectionswithpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Whiletravelling,youwillcomeacrossmanypeoplewhoseinterestsmatchyours.Travellinghelpsbringoutanewself.Mostpeopleareunwillingtostepoutoftheircomfortzone.5.GTravellingissuitableforyouifyouwanttoexperiencegreatthings.Whenyoutravel,youarenotinacomfortablehouse,andeverythingyoufacemaybedifferent.Atthattime,youwillovercomeallthechallengesthatcomeyourway.A．Travellinghelpsmakenewfriends.B．Itdoesgoodtoourphysicalandmentalhealth.C．Atripwithoutexperiencinglocalfoodisincomplete.D．Itmakesyouknowthegeographyoftheplaceanditstraditions.E．Italsogivesusnewexperiences,enrichingourknowledgeandlife.F．Travellingisthebestwaytospendsomequalitytimewithyourfamily.G．Butyoushouldkeepinmindthatnewlifestartswhenyouchangeyourself.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了旅游给我们带来了各种好处。解析：1.依据上文“travellingprovidesuswithfunandrelaxation(旅游给我供应了欢乐和放松)”可知，此处应进一步说明旅游的好处，E项(也给了我们新的经验，丰富我们的学问和生活。)承接上文。故选E。2.依据上文“Ifyoulovetoknowaboutdifferentcultures,thentravellingisthebestchoiceforyou.(假如你喜爱了解不同的文化，那么旅游就是你最好的选择。)”可知，旅游让人了解不同的文化，D项(它让你了解这个地方地理和传统。)承接上文。故选D。3.依据上文“Travellinghelpsdiscovernewcuisine(菜肴)．”可知，旅游让人发觉新的菜肴，C项(没有体验当地菜肴的旅游是不完整的。)承接上文。故选C。4.依据下文“Travellingcanhelpusinestablishingnewconnectionswithpeoplefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.(旅游可以帮助我们跟来自世界其他地方的人建立新的关系。)”可知，旅游可以让人交到新挚友，A项(旅游帮助交新挚友。)引出下文。故选A。5.依据上文“Mostpeopleareunwillingtostepoutoftheircomfortzone.”此处应提出要走出舒适区，G项(但是你应当记住：只有当你变更你自己时，新生活才起先。)承接上文。故选G。Ⅲ.完形填空阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷)OnOct.11,hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryraceinMinnesota.MelanieBaileyshouldhave1.Dthecourseearlierthanshedid.Her2.Acamebecauseshewascarryinga3.Dacrossthefinishline.Asreportedbyalocalnewspaper,Baileywasmorethantwo-thirdsofthewaythroughher4.Awhenarunnerinfrontofherbegancryinginpain.She5.Ctohelpherfellowrunner,DanielleLenoue.Baileytookherarmtoseeifshecouldwalkforwardwith6.B.Shecouldn't.Baileythen7.DtoletLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget8.Aattention.Oncethere,Lenouewas9.Bandlatertakentoahospital,whereshelearnedthatshehadseriousinjuriesinoneofherknees.Shewouldhavestruggledwithextreme10.BtomakeittothataidcheckpointwithoutBailey'shelp.AsforBailey,sheismore11.Caboutwhyheractisconsideredabig12.D.“Shewasjustcrying.Icouldn't13.Aher，”Baileytoldthereporter.“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing.”Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe14.C,they'vesincebecomefriends.Neitherwontherace,butthe15.Bofhumankindnesswontheday.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲解并描述了在明尼苏达州实行的一次越野赛中，MelanieBailey背着另一个参赛者DanielleLenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。1．A.designed B．followedC．changed D．finished解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：MelanieBailey应当更早完成竞赛。A.designed设计；B.followed跟随；C.changed变更；D.finished完成。依据下一段的“carriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget8attention”可知，Bailey在竞赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成竞赛晚了，因此句子表示“MelanieBailey应当更早完成竞赛”。故选D。2．A.delay B．chanceC．trouble D．excuse解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A.delay延误；B.chance机会；C.trouble麻烦；D.excuse借口。依据上文“MelanieBaileyshouldhave1thecourseearlierthanshedid”和上一题的解析可知，MelanieBailey应当更早完成竞赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。3．A.judge B．volunteerC．classmate D．competitor解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A.judge裁判；B.volunteer志愿者；C.classmate同学；Dpetitor参赛者。依据第一段的“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。4．A.race B．schoolC．town D．training解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到竞赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手起先苦痛地哭泣。A.race竞赛；B.school学校；C.town城镇；D.training训练。依据第一段的“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到竞赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。5．A.agreed B．returnedC．stopped D．promised解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴DanielleLenoue。A.agreed同意；B.returned回来；C.stopped停止；D.promised答应。依据下文“tohelpherfellowrunner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴DanielleLenoue。故选C。6．A.courage B．aidC．patience D．advice解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否在帮助下向前走。A.courage志气；B.aid帮助；C.patience耐性；D.advice建议。依据上文“Baileytookherarm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。7．A.wentaway B．stoodupC．steppedaside D．bentdown解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A.wentaway离开； B．stoodup站起来；C.steppedaside让路；D.bentdown弯腰。依据下文“letLenoueclimbontoherback”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。8．A.medical B．publicC．constant D．equal解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A.medical医疗的；B.public公众的；C.constant持续不断的；D.equal同等的。依据上文“begancryinginpain”可知，DanielleLenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medicalattention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。9．A.interrupted B．assessedC．identified D．appreciated解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A.interrupted打断；B.assessed评估；C.identified识别；D.appreciated感谢。依据下文“latertakentoahospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。10．A.hunger B．painC．cold D．tiredness解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：假如没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的苦痛中挣扎着到达那个救济检查站。A.hunger饥饿；B.pain难受；C.cold感冒；D.tiredness疲惫。依据第5空前的“begancryinginpain”可知，此处表示“假如没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的苦痛中挣扎着到达那个救济检查站”。故选B。11．A.worried B．ashamedC．confused D．discouraged解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.worried担忧的；B.ashamed惭愧的；C.confused困惑的；D.discouraged泄气的。依据下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。12．A.game B．problemC．lesson D．deal解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A.game嬉戏；B.problem问题；C.lesson课；D.deal交易，局面。依据下文“IfeellikeIwasjustdoingtherightthing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，abigdeal意为“特别重要的事”。故选D。13．A.leave B．cureC．bother D．understand解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A.leave离开；B.cure治愈；C.bother打搅；D.understand理解。依据上文“Shewasjustcrying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey望见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。14．A.ride B．testC．meet D．show解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育竞赛之前是生疏人，但后来她们成了挚友。A.ride短途旅程；B.test测试；C.meet体育竞赛；D.show展示。依据第一段“hundredsofrunnerscompetedinacross-countryrace”及空前的“thetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbefore”可知，当时是一场竞赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育竞赛之前是生疏人”。故选C。15．A.secret B．displayC．benefit D．exchange解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得竞赛，但展示出的人类和善赢得了成功。A.secret隐私；B.display展示；C.benefit利益；D.exchange交换。依据其次段的“letLenoueclimbontoherbackandcarriedherallthewaytothefinishline,thenanother300feettowhereLenouecouldget8attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的和善。故选B。Ⅳ.语法填空阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。(2024·全国乙卷)Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong1.toroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully2.built(build)systemofringroads.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace3.which/thatwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural4.wonders(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn'twork,5.butsomehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.6.Havingvisited(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I7.wasamazed(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears8.recording(record)everythingIdiscovered.The9.remarkable(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,10.means(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合，同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时爱护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师，记录了这座城市的变更，并表示将来还会接着拍摄北京的风貌。解析：1.考查介词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史，甚至从它的布局来看，这座城市始终保持着细心建立的环城道路系统。依据上文的“FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums”可知，空处和上文保持一样，表示“从……到……”，用介词to。故填to。2.考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着细心建立的环城马路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“细心建立的……”，和被修饰词“systemofringroads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填built。3.考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“aplace”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。4.考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；依据下文的“historicalbuildingsofthepast”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。5.考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个迥然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn'twork”和空后“somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。6.考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊异于这里的新旧共存，惊异于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；依据时间状语“overthelast10years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Havingvisited。7.考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊异于这里的新旧共存，惊异于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，依据下文“howacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遗产)whileconstantlygrowing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填wasamazed。8.考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发觉的一切。spendtime(in)doingsth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式。故填recording。9.考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在爱护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发觉，我可以在接下来的50年里始终拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“developmentofthiscity”。故填remarkable。10.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一样。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地爱护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发觉，我可以在接下来的5