2025届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题强化练八主旨大意题-文章大意类

专题强化练(八)主旨大意题——文章大意类A[2024·广东省普高招生全国统一模拟测试(一)]Likeanydoctor，JacquesFellaywantstogivehispatientsthebestcare.Hiddeninsideourbodiesaregenetic(基因的)markersthatcantellhimwhichpatientscouldprobablyhavediseasessuchasAIDSandprovideearlytreatments.However，thereareworriesforFellay：theycontainsensitivedetailsthatcouldleadtoembarrassment，discriminationorevenworse.Anewkindofencryption，FullyHomomorphicEncryption(FHE)(完全同态加密)，ismakingitpossiblefordatauserstorunmultipleoperationsongeneticdatawithoutseeingthecontents.Thiscanhelpendbigdata'sprivacyproblems，andFellay'spatientscanbesomeofthefirsttobenefit.In1978，theconceptofHomomorphicEncryption(HE)wasfirstlyproposed.Accordingtoit，onecouldencryptandsharedatawithothers，whocouldanalyzeandperformcalculationsonthedatawithnoideawhatitmeans.Aftergettingthedataback，thedatausercouldsimplyarriveattheresultusingthesecretkeyanditwillmaketotalsense.In2009，CraigGentryfirstlyprovidedaworkableFHEprogram.LikeHE，itrestsonamathematicalideacalledahomomorphism，whichmostlyreliesonusingalgebra(代数)tomapdatafromoneformtoanotherwithoutchangingitsunderlyingstructure.However，itsupportsmultipleoperationsonencrypteddata，ratherthanonlyonecalculationinHE.Later，GentrywentontoworkatIBM，whichnowhascomplicatedFHEtoolstorunencrypteddata.Inthemedicalfield，forexample，itdetectedsignsofpneumonia(肺炎)infectionbyapplyingFHEtoanalyzetheencryptedCTscansofmorethan1，500people'slungs.InapaperpublishedinOctober2024，theteamusedFHEtocollectdatafrommultiplesourcesandpredictedtheeffectofcancertreatmentsortheprocessofHIVinfection，asinFellay'scase.Workable，butstillslow:calculationsontheFHE­encrypteddatacouldtakemillionsoftimeslongerthanthoseonrawdata.But，asGoldwassersaid，“Ifyoubelievethatsecurityisnotaplus，butit'samust，theninsomesensethereisnooverhead.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新型加密技术——完全同态加密程序的开发过程以及意义。1．WhatisFellayconcernedabout?A．Seriousdiseases.B．Sensitivepatients.C．Thesafetyofpersonaldata.D．Thelackofgeneticinformation.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段中的“However，thereareworriesforFellay：theycontainsensitivedetailsthatcouldleadtoembarrassment，discriminationorevenworse”可知，Fellay医生担忧隐藏在我们体内的基因标记物所包含的敏感细微环节被泄露后会导致尴尬、卑视甚至更糟，即他担忧个人资料的平安问题。答案：C2．InwhatwayisFHEdifferentfromHE?A．Itspeedsuptheanalyses.B．Itallowsmorecalculations.C．Itpreventsdirectaccesstodata.D．Itdependsontheuseofalgebra.解析：细微环节理解题。明题意：本题问“完全同态加密和同态加密有什么不同？”→寻线索：依据第四段最终一句话“However，itsupportsmultipleoperationsonencrypteddata，ratherthanonlyonecalculationinHE”可知，完全同态加密支持对加密数据进行多次操作，而不是在同态加密中只进行一次计算→定答案；由此可知，完全同态加密和同态加密的区分在于完全同态加密允话多次计算。答案：B3．WhatisGoldwasser'sattitudetowardsFHE?A．Contradictory. B．Unclear.C．Favorable. D．Intolerant.解析：推理推断题。依据最终一段Goldwasser所说的话“Ifyoubelievethatsecurityisnotaplus，butit'samust，theninsomesensethereisnooverhead”可知，Goldwasser对完全同态加密持赞成看法。答案：C4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．FHEprotectsprivacyinthebigdataera.B．FHEopensanewworldformedicalworkers.C．Gentryproposedanewencryptiontechnology.D．Homomorphicencryptiondevelopedovertime.解析：主旨大意题。文章开头以医生担忧病人个人资料的平安问题为话题引入了完全同态加密程序，然后以此为线索对该程序进行介绍，即这篇文章主要讲解并描述了完全同态加密程序爱护个人隐私的功能。答案：AB(2024·潮州市高三二模)WhenIwasaboutsixyearsold，mymothercamehomeonedayandfoundthatIhadcollectedhalfadozenbabiesoftheneighbourhood—allofthemtooyoungtowalk—andhadthemsittingbeforemeonthefloorwhileIwasteachingthemtowavetheirarms.Whensheaskedtheexplanationofthis，Iinformedherthatitwasmyschoolofdance.Shewasamused，andplacingherselfatthepiano.Shebegantoplayforme.Thisschoolcontinuedandbecameverypopular.Lateron，littlegirlsoftheneighbourhoodcameandtheirparentspaidmeasmallsumtoteachthem.Thiswasthebeginningofwhatafterwardsprovedaveryprofitableoccupation.Mymothertookmetoafamousballetteacher，buthislessonsdidnotpleaseme.Whentheteachertoldmetostandonmytoes(脚趾)Iaskedhimwhy，andwhenhereplied“Becauseitisbeautiful”，IsaidthatitwasuglyandagainstnatureandafterthethirdlessonIlefthisclass，nevertoreturn.Thisstiff(僵硬)andcommonplacegymnasticswhichhecalleddancingonlydisturbedmydream.Idreamedofadifferentdance.Ididnotknowjustwhatitwouldbe，butIwasfeelingouttowardsaninvisibleworldintowhichIguessedImightenterifIfoundthekey.MyartwasalreadyinmewhenIwasalittlegirl，anditwasowingtotheheroicandadventurousspiritofmymotherthatitwasnotprevented.Ibelievethatwhateverthechildisgoingtodoinlifeshouldbebegunwhenitisveryyoung.Iwonderhowmanyparentsrealizethatbytheso­callededucationtheyaregivingtheirchildren，theyareonlydrivingthemintothecommonplace，andtakingawayfromthemanychanceofdoinganythingbeautifulororiginal.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者小时候学习舞蹈的经验，以及妈妈对她的支持和理解告知父母们应当发觉并培育孩子的天赋，而不是用所谓的教化把孩子推向平凡。5．Whatwasthewriterdoingwhenhermothercamehomeoneday?A．Teachingsomebabiestodance.B．Directingsomebabiestowalk.C．Gettingsomebabiestogether.D．Makingsomebabiessitstill.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第一段的“hadthemsittingbeforemeonthefloorwhileIwasteachingthemtowavetheirarms.Whensheaskedtheexplanationofthis，Iinformedherthatitwasmyschoolofdance.(我让他们坐在我的前面，教他们挥动手臂。当她问我对此的说明时，我告知她这是我的舞蹈学校)”可知，妈妈回家时作者正在教一些小孩跳舞。答案：A6．Howdidthewriterfindtheballet?A．Oldandunpopular.B．Uglyandunnatural.C．Gracefulandoriginal.D．Dreamlikeandgymnastic.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段的“Whentheteachertoldmetostandonmytoes(脚趾)Iaskedhimwhy，andwhenhereplied“Becauseitisbeautiful”，IsaidthatitwasuglyandagainstnatureandafterthethirdlessonIlefthisclass，nevertoreturn.(当老师叫我用脚趾站起来时我问他为什么，当他回答“因为它很美”时，我说它很丑，而且违反了自然)”可知，作者认为芭蕾舞很丑且违反自然。答案：B7．Whatdidthewriterthinksheowedhersuccessinartto?A．Theballetclassesshehadattended.B．Herinborntalentandgreatefforts.C．Theluckychanceherparentsgaveher.D．Hermother'ssupportandunderstanding.解析：细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的“MyartwasalreadyinmewhenIwasalittlegirl，anditwasowingtotheheroicandadventurousspiritofmymotherthatitwasnotprevented.(当我还是一个小女孩的时候，我的艺术就已经在我心中了，正是由于我母亲的英勇和冒险精神，它才没有被阻挡)”可知，作者把自己在艺术方面的胜利归功于妈妈的支持和理解。答案：D8．What'sthemainideaofthetext?A．Childrenshouldbeencouragedtobeeducatedasearlyaspossible.B．Childrenshouldbedriventodeveloptheirinterestinartatanearlyage.C．Parentsshoulddiscoveranddeveloptheiryoungchildren'snaturalgift.D．Parentsshouldinstructtheirchildrentodecideonapromisingoccupation.解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最终一段的“Ibelievethatwhateverthechildisgoingtodoinlifeshouldbebegunwhenitisveryyoung.Iwonderhowmanyparentsrealizethatbytheso­callededucationtheyaregivingtheirchildren，theyareonlydrivingthemintothecommonplace，andtakingawayfromthemanychanceofdoinganythingbeautifulororiginal.(我信任孩子一生中要做的事情都应当在很小的时候就起先。我想知道有多少父母意识到，通过他们给孩子的所谓教化，他们只会把他们推向平凡，剥夺他们做任何美妙或原创事情的机会)”可知，文章通过作者小时候学习舞蹈的经验，以及妈妈对她的支持和理解告知父母们应当发觉并培育孩子的天赋，而不是用所谓的教化把孩子推向平凡。答案：CC(2024·深圳市高三其次次调研)Endangeredpolarbearsarebreeding(繁殖)withgrizzlybears(灰熊)，creating“pizzly”bears，whichisbeingdrivenbyclimatechange，scientistssay.AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins，starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth，wheretheymeetgrizzlies，whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.Andwiththatgrowingcontactbetweenthetwocomeincreasinghybrids(杂交种)．Withcharacteristicsthatcouldgivethehybridsanadvantageinwarmingnorthernhabitats，somescientistsguessthattheycouldbeheretostay.“Usually，hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents，butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources，”LarisaDeSantis，anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity，toldLiveScience.Theriseof“pizzly”bearsappearswithpolarbears'decline：theirnumbersareestimatedtodecreasebymorethan30%inthenext30years.Thissuddenfallislinkedpartlyto“pizzly”bearstakinguppolarbears'ranges，wheretheyoutcompetethem，butalsotopolarbears'highlyspecializeddiets.“PolarbearsmainlyconsumedsoftfoodsevenduringtheMedievalWarmPeriod，apreviousperiodofrapidwarming.”DeSantissaid，referringtofatmealssuchasseals.“Althoughallofthesestarvingpolarbearsaretryingtofindalternativefoodsources，likeseabirdeggs，itcouldbeatippingpointfortheirsurvival.”Actually，thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.Thiscouldresultinahabitatreadyforthehybridstomoveinandtakeover，leadingtoalossinbiodiversityifpolarbearsarereplaced.“We'rehavingmassiveimpactswithclimatechangeonspecies，”DeSantissaid.“Thepolarbearistellingushowbadthingsare.Insomesense，‘pizzly’bearscouldbeasadbutnecessarycompromisegivencurrentwarmingtrends.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于气候变暖，濒危北极熊正在与灰熊一起繁殖，创建出“小灰熊”，杂交的“小灰熊”数量正在增加，这说明全球气候正在变得更糟糕。9．Whydopolarbearsmovefurthersouth?A．Tocreatehybrids. B．Toexpandterritory.C．Torelievehunger. D．Tocontactgrizzlies.解析：细微环节理解题。依据其次段“AstheworldwarmsandArcticseaicethins，starvingpolarbearsarebeingforcedeverfurthersouth，wheretheymeetgrizzlies，whoserangesareexpandingnorthwards.(随着世界变温煦北极海冰变薄，饥饿的北极熊被迫越来越向南，在那里它们遇到灰熊，灰熊的活动范围正在向北扩展。)”可知北极熊向南迁移是为了缓解饥饿。答案：C10．Whatmakes“pizzly”bearsadapttonaturalsurroundingsbetterthantheirparents?A．Broaderhabitats. B．Morefoodoptions.C．Climatepreference. D．Improvedbreedingability.解析：细微环节理解题。依据第三段“‘Usually，hybridsaren'tbettersuitedtotheirenvironmentsthantheirparents，butthesehybridsareabletosearchforabroaderrangeoffoodsources，’LarisaDeSantis，anassociateprofessorofbiologicalsciencesatVanderbiltUniversity，toldLiveScience.(范德比尔特高校(VanderbiltUniversity)生物科学副教授拉里萨·德桑蒂斯(LarisaDeSantis)对《生活科学》(LiveScience)说：‘通常状况下，杂交种并不比它们的父母更适合它们的环境，但这些杂交种能够找寻更广泛的食物来源。’)”可知更多的食物选择让“小灰熊”比它们的父母更能适应自然环境。答案：B11．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“atippingpoint”inParagraph5referto?A．Ararechance.B．Acriticalstage.C．Apositivefactor.D．Aconstantchange.解析：词义揣测题。依据倒数其次段画线词后文“Actually，thecaloriestheygainfromthesesourcesdonotbalanceoutthosetheyburnfromsearchingforthem.(事实上，他们从这些来源获得的热量并不能抵