2025年高考一轮复习知识清单-现在时

2025年高考一轮复习知识清单：动词时态语态（现在时）动词时态语态用法问答：Q1：判断动词时态语态有哪些小窍门？A1：最可靠法是掌握每种时态的使用场合和标志性词汇、短语，做到有的放矢。Q2：如何确定动词的语态？A2：一方面，需要注意根据语境确定是否应用被动语态，另一方面需要抓住关键性标志，如介词by引起动作的发出者。Q3：如何确定各种从句的时态？A3：如果是状语从句，需要考虑“主将从现”；如果是宾语从句要考虑主从句时态照应；有时像suggest,recommend从句还应考虑虚拟语气用法。Q4：应用文写作遇到动词时态怎么把握？A4：书信类应用文要结合其内容来确定具体时态乃至语态。如邀请信和通知要使用一般将来时；感谢信和道歉信要使用一般过去时；人物介绍和地点介绍要使用一般现在时。Q5：如何才能学好动词时态语态？A5：一是努力掌握基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，学以致用。6年动词时态语态用法考点卷别现在时过去时将来时（含被动）2024新高考I卷walks2023新高考II卷wished2023全国甲卷become改为becomesmake

→

made(can)

be

employed2023全国乙卷was

amazed2023全国北京卷has

establishedhad

arrivedwould

throw2022新高考I卷is

designedwere2022新高考II卷were

fixing;

threw2022全国甲卷has

walkedwas-were;

become-became2022全国乙卷lives-live;

去掉have后的beenaddressed2022北京卷has;

has

increased2021新高考I卷was2021全国甲卷are改为iswas

built;

hired2021全国乙卷删去are2021北京卷connects2020全国I卷means;

is

constructedtouched2020全国II卷carriesstart改为started2020全国III卷had改成havepointed(would)

be

chosen2020新高考卷are

called;

isformed2019全国I卷has

reported；are2019全国II卷have

madedeclared2019全国III卷required改为requiresrecommended；were

invited2019北京卷voiced一般现在时六种典型用法用法标志示例1.表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。usually,

every

day,

always…I

leave

home

for

school

at

7:00

am

every

day.

我每天早上7点离开家去上学。2.表示客观事实和普遍真理。The

teacher

told

us

that

the

earth

moves

around

the

sun.

老师告诉我们地球绕太阳转。3.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。when,

once,

unless,

as

soon

as,

the

moment…When

the

spring

comes,

the

flowers

will

bloom.当春天来临时，花儿会绽放。If

it

rains

tomorrow,

we

will

stay

at

home.如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。4.表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）时刻表且有明确时间状语。plane,

train,

shipThe

next

plane

arrives

at

3:15

this

afternoon.下一班飞机今天下午3:15到达。5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句，表示正在发生的动作/状态。here/thereHere

comes

the

bus.公交车来了。There

goes

the

bell.铃响了。6.用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。film,

book,

The

film

explores

the

daily

lives

of

ordinary

people

in

a

small

town.这部电影探索了小镇上普通人的日常生活。【即时训练】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。1.Thesun__________(rise)intheeastand__________(set)inthewest.2.Peerpressurecanhappenwhenwe____________(influence)todosomething.3.Ifit__________(rain)tomorrow,wewillnotgoouting.4.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!Flight4026__________(take)offat18:20.5.Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane_________(take)off.6.IwonderwhenMrBrown_________(arrive).Whenhe__________(arrive),I’lltellhimthenewsatonce.7.Thepicture___________(show)ushowtheydonatedmoneytothechildreninpoorareaslastyear.8.(2017天津卷)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,____________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.9.(2018全国I)Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.10.(2019全国I)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six______(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.【答案与解析】1.rises;sets。句意：太阳东升西落。该句是客观事实，应用一般现在时。故答案是rises;sets。。2.areinfluenced。这里介绍客观事实，应用一般现在时；结合语境又是被动语态。故答案是areinfluenced。3.rains。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。故填rains。4.takes。表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）时刻表且有明确时间状语应用一般现在时。故答案是takes。5.istaking。本句虽然涉及到飞机航班，但是没有具体时间，应用现在进行时表示将来的动作。故答案是istaking。6.willarrive;arrives。第一句when从句是宾语从句，结合语境应用一般将来时；第二句when从句是时间状语从句，因此应考虑使用“主将从现”。故答案是willarrive;arrives。7.shows。历史简介、小说、电影介绍和幻灯片、图片的说明常用一般现在时。故答案是shows。8.isregarded。句中有标志性副词Nowadays；同时结合语境应用被动语态；还应考虑主语与alongwith短语与前边主语一致。故答案是isregarded。9.are。联系前后句推断这里应用一般现在时，主语是复数概念。故填are。10.is。结合语境这里表示规律性内容，应用一般现在时。故答案是is。现在进行时四种典型用法用法标志示例1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。now,

currently,

Look,

Listen,

at

the

momentHis

mom

is

cooking

now.他的的妈妈正在煮饭。Listen!

She

is

singing

an

English

song.

听！她正在唱一首英文歌。2.表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用。these

days

,

this

weekThey

are

planting

trees

on

the

hill

these

days.这些天他们在山上种树。3.

leave,

take,

run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。go,

come,

leave,

take,

runJane

and

Betty

are

going

on

holiday

in

a

few

days.

几天后简和贝蒂要去度假。4.

always,

forever,

continually,

constantly等频度副词与现在进行时连用表示赞扬、抱怨、不满等感情色彩。always,

forever,

continually,

constantlyHe

is

constantly

leaving

his

things

about.（表责怪）他总是把自己的东西到处乱放。They

are

forever

quarreling

about

something.

(不满)

他们总是为某事争吵不休。【即时训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。1.Bequiet!Thebaby________________(sleep).2.Look!Theman________________(question)bythepolice.3.Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?Theweatherreport_________________(broadcast)andIwanttolisten.4.Idon'treallyworkhere;I___________(help)outuntilthenewsecretaryarrives.5.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse____________(rebuild).6.(2018天津)Mywashingmachine___________(repair)thisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.7.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea_________(run)out.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’sleft.8.Becausetheshop__________(close)down,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.9.Shealways________(get)upatsixinthemorning.10.He______________(alwayslearn)thingsfromhisclassmates.Nowonderthathecomesfirstinthemid-termexamination.【答案与解析】1.issleeping。句意：安静点！婴儿在睡觉呢！结合语境应用现在进行时。故答案是issleeping。2.isbeingquestioned。本句有关键性单词Look!。因此后面应用现在进行时；同时结合语境应用被动语态。故答案是isbeingquestioned。3.isbeingbroadcast/broadcasted。结合前一句“Wouldyoupleasekeepsilent?”，得知天气预报正在被播送；故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是isbeingbroadcast/broadcasted。4.amhelping。句意：我不是真的在这里工作；在新秘书到来之前，我一直在帮忙。这里表示现阶段的情况，应用一般现在时。故答案是amhelping。5.isbeingrebuilt。结合语境这里表示一个现阶段正在进行的动作“房屋被重建”，且正在进行，故答案是isbeingrebuilt。6.isbeingrepaired。结合语境这里表示一个现阶段正在进行的动作“房屋被维修”，且正在进行，故答案是isbeingrepaired。7.arerunning。go,come,leave,take,run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示将来发生的动作。故答案是arerunning。8.isclosing。go,come,leave,take,run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示将来发生的动作。该句意为：因为这个商店快要倒闭了，所有的T恤衫半价销售。故答案是isclosing。9.gets。always表示频度，常与现在完成时连用。故填gets。10.isalwayslearning。本句现在进行时与always连用表示赞扬。故答案是isalwayslearning。现在完成时典型场合示例表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去，概括为：发生在过去，影响在现在。Have

you

ever

talked

to

him

about

it?你跟他谈过这事吗？It

hasn't

rained

these

days.这些天没下过雨。He

told

me

his

name,

but

I've

forgotten

it.

她告诉过我他的名字，但是我已经忘了。副词标志：already,

ever,

never,

recently,

lately,

yet。I've

written

the

email,

but

I

haven't

sent

it

yet.我已经写好了email，但是我还没有寄出。短语标志：so

far=

up

to

now=to

date到现在为止,

every

since自从……一来,

for

days数天,

in/over

the

past

two

years在过去两年So

far

there

has

been

no

bad

news.

到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。We’ve

planted

thousands

of

trees

in

the

past

few

years.

过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。It/This

is

the

first/second/third…time+

that…从句中It's

the

first

time

she

has

driven

a

car.这是她第一次开车。That’s

the

most

interesting

book

I’ve

ever

read.

这是我看过的最有意思的书。It/This

is

the

best/worst…+名词+定语从句中，从句常用现在完成时That’s

the

most

interesting

book

I’ve

ever

read.

这是我看过的最有意思的书。【即时训练】在空白处填1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Sofarmorethanonefriend____________(invite)tomybirthdaypartytobeheldtomorrow.2.(2014全国)Thereportswentmissingin2012andnobody________(see)themsince.3.(2018北京)China’shigh-speedrailways___________(grow)from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.4.(2019江苏)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers___________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.5.(2019全国II)Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI___________(make)overtheyears.6.(2018全国II)DietshavechangedinChina—andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry________(grow)morecornthanrice.7.Thisisthefirsttimethathe__________(compete)againstatennischampion.8.Itwasthesecondtimehe____________(make)thesamemistake.9.ZhongNanshanisthemostdistinguisheddoctorinChinathat___________(recognize)internationally.10.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI___________(attend)sinceIcametothisschool.【答案与解析】1.hasbeeninvited。sofar常与现在完成时连用；morethanone接单数名词，谓语也用单数；语境暗示被动语态。故答案是hasbeeninvited。2.hasseen。句末since是解答本题关键，since,eversince等常与现在完成时连用。故答案是hasseen。3.havegrown。inthepastfewyears常与现在完成时连用。故答案是havegrown。4.hasgiven。inthelastthreemonths暗示用现在完成时；alongwith是介词短语，谓语应与前边主语Themusician保持一致一致，单数意义。故答案是hasgiven。5.havemade。overtheyears暗示现在完成时。故答案是havemade。6.hasgrown。Since2011应与现在完成时连用，单数。故答案是hasgrown。7.hascompeted。在It/Thisisthefirst/second/third…time+that…从句中，从句常用现在完成时。故答案是hascompeted。8.hadmade。在It/Thiswasthefirst/second/third…time+that…从句中，从句常用过去完成时。故答案是hadmade。9.hasbeenrecognized。在It/Thisisthebest/worst…+名词+定语从句中，从句常用现在完成时；同时语境暗示被动语态。故答案是hasbeenrecognized。10.haveattended。在It/Thisisthebest/worst…+名词+定语从句中，从句常用现在完成时；since从句也是暗示。故答案是haveattended。单句填空（高考真题）【即时训练】在空白处填括号内单词的正确形式。1.(2024新高考I卷)Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse_________(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainforthefirsttime.2.(2024浙江1月卷)Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacksdesignedwithtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).3.(2022全国甲卷)Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighest(high)mountain.4.(2022新高考I卷)Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP___________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity...5.(2022浙江1月卷)ButCobbandothers____________(be)nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,andchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.6.(2022浙江1月卷)OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics-manyofthemclimatescientists____________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.7.(2021北京卷)Asit____________(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.8.(2021北京卷)There____________(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,causedlargelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.9.(2021天津卷)Currently,about35,000works____________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.10.(2020天津卷)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand________(remain)aroundthatlevelsince.【答案与解析】1.walks。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walksb.through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语theSilkRouteGarden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。2.havestarted。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Overthelasttwoyears”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填havestarted。3.haswalked。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语inthelastfiveyears可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填haswalked。4.isdesigned。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语TheGPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填isdesigned。5.are。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。6.hasbeen。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语overthepast20years可知,此处使用现在完成时,adramaticrise是单数感念,助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填hasbeen。7.connects。句意：当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知,空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数it,所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。8.hasbeen。句意：根据联合国的一份新报告，过去20年里，极端天气事件的数量急剧增加，这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语overthepast20years可知，此处使用现在完成时，adramaticrise是单数感念，助动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填hasbeen。8.arebeingdisplayed。目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一辈子的时间。根据上文“Currently(目前)”可知，应该用现在进行时；display与主语works之间为被动关系，所以用现在进行时的被动。故填arebeingdisplayed。10.hasremained。句意:20世纪90年代初，医学院的数量达到了18所，此后一直保持在这个水平。eversince“从那以后”作时间状语，句子用现在完成时态。主语为thenumberofmedicalschools，thenumberof表示“……的数目”，中心词是number，所以是单数，作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填hasremained。动词时态语态助力应用文写作升格书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。1.(2024新高考I卷)我写信是想和大家分享上周五我在公园上的一节艺术课。(write)1.I’mwritingtosharewithyouanartclassIhadinaparklastFriday.2.(2024全国甲卷)中国的交通经历了显著的变革，让中国人民有了不同的出行方式。(undergo,give)2.Chinesetransporthasundergoneremarkabletransformations,givingtheChinesepeopleaccesstodifferentwaysoftravelling.3.(2024全国甲卷)简而言之，中国的交通系统正在拥抱创新和生态友好。(embrace)3.Inshort,China’stransportsystemisembracinginnovationandeco-friendliness.4.(2023全国甲卷)目前很多鲁迅的作品还包含在语文课本中，激励我们学生努力追求一个更美好的未来。(include,inspire)4.Nowadays,manyofLuXun’sworksarestillincludedinChinesetextbooks,inspiringusstudentstostriveforabetterfuture.5.(2022全国甲卷)说到海洋，其污染正变得越来越严重。(become)5.Whenitcomestoocean,itspollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.6.(2022全国甲卷)不幸的是，随着经济发展，近些年见证海洋正在被污染。(see)6.Unfortunately,asoureconomyadvances,recentyearshaveseentheoceansbeingpolluted.7.(2022新高考I卷)这是我第一次邀请你参加我们的节目---TalkandTalk。(invite)7.ThisismyfirsttimethatIhaveinvitedyoutoattendourprogram—TalkandTalk.8.(2022新高考I卷)如果你本周日有空的话，我和节目全体人员等你到来。(wait)8.IfyouareavailableonthisSunday,ItogetherwiththewholeTalkandTalkstaffamwaitingforyourcoming.9.(2021全国乙卷)目前，在线学习已经广为认可，在青少年间各位传播，因为其快捷、高效、低廉。(write)9.Nowadays,onlinestudyhasbeenwidelyadoptedandspreadincampusamongteenagers,withitsswiftness,efficiency,aswellaslowcost.10.(2021新高考I卷)作为Youth的粉丝，我建议刊登外国青少年生活的文章会更好。(recommend,carry)10.AsafanofYouth,Irecommendthatitwillbebetterifitcarriessomearticlesaboutthelifeofforeignteens.书面表达升级：根据提示翻译下列各句。1.(2024新高考I卷)这张照片至今仍放在我的桌子上，提醒我要相信他人，并给予善意。(serve)1.Thisphotoisstillonmydesktoday,whichservesasareminderoftrustingothersandofferingkindness.2.(2023新高考I卷)“我就知道你会赢！我为你感到骄傲。你成功了！”我的老师兴奋地说。(be)2.“Iknewyou’dwin!Iamproudofyou.Youmadeit!”myteachersaidexcitedly.3.(2023新高考I卷)他紧紧地握着我的手说：“祝贺你！你是个好作家，继续写吧。”(be)3.Holdingmyhandstightly,hesaid“Congratulations!Youareagoodwriter,sokeepwriting.”4.(2023新高考I卷)“你做得很好！你得了第一名！”我当场僵住了，感觉不可思议，喜出望外。(do)4."You'vedoneagoodjob!Youtookfirstplace!"Iwasfrozenatthespot,feelingincredibleandoverjoyed.5.(2023新高考I卷)我的成功归功于我的社会老师，他是我写作道路上的指路明灯。(owe,beacon)5.Iowemysuccesstomysocialteacherwhoisabeaconinmylifeontheroadtowriting.6.(2022新高考I卷)在权衡了我的话之后，大卫用低沉但坚定的声音说：“我想跑！”(weigh,want)6.Afterweighingmywords,Davidsaidinalowbutdeterminedvoice,“Iwanttorun!”7.(2022新高考I卷)“加油！我们为你感到骄傲！”他的同学们热情地喊道。(be)7.“Comeon!Weareproudofyou!”hisclassmatesshoutedenthusiastically.8.(2022新高考I卷)我拍了拍他的肩膀，小声说：“大卫，如果你想试试，就去拿吧！我一直在你身边！”(pat,be)8.Ipattedhimontheshoulderandwhispered:“David,ifyouwanttotry,justgoandgetit!I’malwaysherewithyou!”9.从父亲的话中，我意识到家庭是世界上最重要的。(realize)9.Frommyfather'swords,Ihaverealizedthatfamilymattersthemostintheworld.10.从那时起，我父亲的话时不时在我耳边响起，指引着我生活的方向。(sound)10.Sincethen,myfather'swordshavealwayssoundedinmyearsfromtimetotime,guidingmylife.语法填空（外刊原创）Sowingseedsofunderstanding130名中外大学生游江苏感知科技改变