（2018-2020）三年高考英语真题阅读理解之说明文

阅读理解之说明文

【2020年】

1.（2020•新课标I）B

Returningtoabookyou'vereadmanytimescanfeellikedrinkswithanold

friend.ThereJsawelcomefamiliarity-butalsosometimesaslightsuspicionthat

timehaschangedyouboth,andthustherelationship.Butbooksdon,tchange,people

do.Andthat'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.

Thebeautyofrereadingliesintheideathatourbondwiththeworkisbased

onourpresentmentalregister.It'strue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltime

haswings.Butwithreading,it'sallaboutthepresent.It'saboutthenowand

whatonecontributestothenow,becausereadingisagiveandtakebetweenauthor

andreader.Eachhastopulltheirownweight.

TherearethreebooksIrereadannuallyThefirst,whichItaketoreadingevery

springisErnestIIemningway,sAMoveableFeast.Publishedin1964,it'shisclassic

memoirof1920sParis.Thelanguageisalmostintoxicating（令人陶醉的），anaging

writerlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime.AnotherisAnnieDillard's

HolytheFirm,herpoetic1975ramble（随笔）abouteverythingandnothing.Thethird

bookisJulioCortazar,sSaveTwilight:SelectedPoems,becausepoetry.Andbecause

Cortazar.

WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifs,which

mightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeed

wonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor,sworkisthehighestcurrencyareader

canpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.But

remember,it'syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstand

yourfriends.

24.Whydoestheauthorlikerereading?

A.Itevaluatesthewriter-readerrelationship.

B.It'sawindowtoawholenewworld.

C.It'sasubstitutefordrinkingwithafriend.

D.Itextendstheunderstandingofoneself.

25.WhatdoweknowaboutthebookAMoveableFeas!?

A.It'sabriefaccountofatrip.

B.It'saboutHemingway?slifeasayoungman.

C.It'sarecordofahistoricevent.

D.It'saboutHemingway,sfriendsinParis.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"currency°inparagraph4referto?

A.Debt

B.Reward.

CAllowance.

D.Facevalue.

27.Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.Helovespoetry.

B.He'saneditor.

C.He'sveryambitious.

D.Heteachesreading.

【答案】24.D25.B26.B27.A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年

重读的三本书。作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。

24.推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句"Butbooksdon,tchange,peopledo.And

that'swhatmakestheactofrereadingsorichandtransformative.（但是书没变，

人变那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处）”和第二段“Thebeautyof

rereadingliesinthatourbondwiththeworkisbasedonourpresentregister.It

istrue,theolderIget,themoreIfeeltimehaswings.（重新阅读的美妙之处在于

我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞

逝。）”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。

25.推理判断题。根据倒数第：段"Publishedin1964,it'shisclassicmemoirof

1920sParis."及“anagingwriterlookingbackonanambitiousyetsimplertime”

可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年

时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出AMovableFeast是关于海明威年

轻时的生活。故选B项。

26.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“whilemoneyisindeedwonderfuland

necessary,（虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的）”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语

境可推知，"rereadinganauthorJsworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpay

them."意为”但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词

的意思是“回报”。故选B项。

27.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"ThethirdbookisJulioCortdzar*sSave

Twilight:selectedpoems,becausepoetry.（第三本书是胡里奥•科塔扎的《拯救暮光之

城：诗歌精选》，因为诗歌）”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。

2.（2020•新课标I）C

Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,while

mostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.

Racewalkersareconditionedathletes.Thelongesttrackandfieldeventatthe

SummerOlympicsisthe50-kilometerracewalk,whichisaboutfivemileslongerthan

themarathon.ButthesportJsrulesrequirethataracewalker?skneesstay

straightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact（接触）with

thegroundatalltimes.It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchan

attractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorof

exercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.

Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays,Accordingtomost

calculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout

800calories（卡路里）perhour,whichisapproximatelytwiceasmanyastheywould

burnwalking,althoughfewerthanrunning,whichwouldprobablyburnabout1,000

ormorecaloriesperhour.

However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,Dr.Norberg

says.Accordingtoherresearch,runnershitthegroundwithasmuchasfourtimes

theirbodyweightperstep,whileracewalkers,whodonotleavetheground,create

onlyabout1.4timestheirbodyweightwitheachstep.

Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuriesassociatedwithrunning,suchas

runnerJsknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.Butthesport'sstrangeformdoes

placeconsiderablestressontheanklesandhips,sopeoplewithahistoryofsuch

injuriesmightwanttobecautiousinadoptingthesport.Infact,anyonewishing

totryracewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracerto

learnpropertechnique,shesays.Ittakessomepractice.

28.Whyareracewalkersconditionedathletes?

A.Theymustrunlongdistances.

B.Theyarequalifiedforthemarathon.

C.Theyhavetofollowspecialrules.

D.Theyaregoodatswingingtheirlegs.

29.Whatadvantagedoesracewalkinghaveoverrunning?

A.It'smorepopularattheOlympics.

B.It'slesschallengingphysically.

C.It'smoreeffectiveinbodybuilding.

D.It'slesslikelytocausekneeinjuries.

30.WhatisDr.NorbergJssuggestionforsomeonetryingracewalking?

A.Gettingexperts*opinions.

B.Havingamedicalcheckup.

C.Hiringanexperiencedcoach.

D.Doingregularexercises.

31.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor?sattitudetoracewalking?

A.Skeptical.B.Objective.

C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.

【答案】28.C29.D30.A31.B

【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的

人，要想从事这样运动要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。

28.细节理解题。根据第二段"Butthesport'srulesrequirethataracewalker*s

kneesstaystraightthroughmostofthelegswingandonefootremainincontact

withthegroundatalltimes.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在摆动腿的

大部分时间保持伸宜，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些条

件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选c项。

29.细节理解题。根据最后一段“Asaresult,shesays,someoftheinjuries

associatedwithrunning,suchasrunnerJsknee,areuncommonamongracewalkers.”

可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并不常见。由此可知，竞

走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。

30.细节理解题。根据最后一段Dr.Norberg说的话“Infact,anyonewishingtotry

racewalkingshouldprobablyfirstconsultacoachorexperiencedracertolearn

propertechnique（事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走运动

员，学习适当的技巧。）”可知，Dr.Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建议。故选A

项。

3L推理判断题。根据第一段"Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswith

running,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,

however,haveitsownproblem.w可知,研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益处，而

且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观

的。故选B项。

3.（2020•新课标I）D

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientific

research.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.Astudyconductedin

Youngstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecity

experiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductive

whentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenit

astepfurtherchangingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemto

performdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensors

printedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey,reshortofwaterandaplantthatcan

detectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater."WeJrethinkingabouthowwecanengineer

plantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,"explainedMichael

Strano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsgrow（发光）inexperimentsusing

somecommonvegetables.Strano,steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlight

forthree-and-a-ha1fhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneeded

toreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedto

lighttheroomsoreventoturntreeintoself-poweredstreetlamps.

inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcan

besprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplantJs

lifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff"switch"wherethe

glowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Since

lightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource（电源）-suchasthedistancefrom

apowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduring

transmission（传输）.

Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

32.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

33.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineer?

A.Todetectplants'lackofwater

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

34.Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

【答案】32.D33.A34.C35.C

【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明「绿色植物对人们很有好处，因此麻省理工学

院的工程师开发了一种发光植物。文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，以及这种植物的

一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

32.主旨大意题。根据第一段中AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,for

example,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,

employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecorated

withhouseplants.可知例如，在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进行的一项研究发现，城市绿化较好的地

区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中，当员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰时，他们的工作效率

会提高15吼由此可知，第一段的主旨是关于绿色植物的益处。故选D。

33.细节理解题。根据第二段中Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedon

theirleavestoshowwhenthey*reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmful

chemicalsingroundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显示植物缺水的情况的植

物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院工程师

植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选Ao

34.细节理解题。根据最后一段中Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceand

thereforehelpsaveenergy.可知发光的植物可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。由

此可知，这种发光的植物在未来可能有助于减少能源消耗。故选C。

35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotal

electricityconsumedintheUS.Since1ightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepower

source-suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet1ampsonaremotehighway-a

lotofenergyislostduringtransmission.Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistance

andthereforehelpsaveenergy.可知照明约占美国总耗电量的7%。由于照明通常远离电

源，例如从发电厂到偏僻公路上路灯的距离，在传输过程中会损失大量能源。发光的植物

可以缩短这段距离，从而帮助节约能源。结合文章主要说明了绿色植物对人们很有好处，

因此麻省理工学院的工程师开发了一种发光植物，文章介绍了他们发明这种植物的过程，

以及这种植物的一些优势，指出在未来发光植物有可能取代路灯，达到节约能源的作用。

由此可知，C选项“发光的植物能取代路灯吗？”最符合文章标题。故选C。

4.（2020•新课标H）B

Someparentswi11buyanyhigh-techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild,

butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath-relatedskills.

PsychologistSusanLevine,anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoung

childrentheUniversityofChicago,foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween

ages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobea

significantpredictorofcognition（认知）aftercontrollingfordifferencesin

parents'income,educationandtheamountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.

Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child-parentpairsduring

everydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and

46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.

“Thechildrenwhoplayedwithpuzzlesperformedbetterthanthosewhodidnot,

ontasksthatassessedtheirabilitytorotate（旋转）andtranslateshapes,wLevine

saidinastatement.

Theparentswereaskedtointeractwiththeirchildrenastheynormallywould,

andabouthalfofchildreninthestudyplayedwithpuzzlesatonetime.Higher-income

parentstendedtohavechildrenplaywithpuzzlesmorefrequently,andbothboys

andgirlswhoplayedwithpuzzleshadbetterspatialskills.However,boystended

toplaywithmorecomplexpuzzlesthangirls,andtheparentsofboysprovidedmore

spatiallanguageandweremoreactiveduringpuzzleplaythanparentsofgirls.

ThefindingswerepublishedinthejournalDevelopmentalScience.

24.Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?

A.Buildingconfidence.B.Developingspatialskills.

C.Learningself-control.D.Gaininghigh-techknowledge.

25.WhatdidLevinetakeintoconsiderationwhendesigningherexperiment?

A.Parents'age.B.Children,simagination.

C.ParentsJeducation.D.Child-parentrelationship.

26.Howdoboydifferfromgirlsinpuzzleplay?

A.Theyplaywithpuzzlesmoreoften.

B.Theytendtotalklessduringthegame.

C.Theyprefertousemorespatiallanguage.

D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Amathematicalmethod.B.Ascientificstudy.

C.AwomanpsychologistD.Ateachingprogram.

【答案】24.B25.C26.D27.B

【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研

究过程和结果。

24.细节理解题。根据第二段中…foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages

2and4developbetterspatialskill（在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力

方面更好）可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B.Developingspatial

skills（发展空间能力）符合以上说法，故选B项。

25.细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictor

ofcognitionaftercontrollingfordifferenceinparents*income,educationandthe

amountofparenttalk,Levinesaid.（Levine说，在控制了不同父母的收入、教育和父

母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测）可知Levine在设计这个试验时考

虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C.Parents'education.（父母的教育）符合

以上说法，故选C项。

26.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However,boystendedtoplaywithmorecomplex

puzzlesthangirls,可知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜

题。D.Theyarelikelytoplaywithtougherpuzzles.（他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题）

符合以上说法，故选D项。

27.主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究

过程和结果。所以是关于科学研究的。B.Ascientificstudy（一项科学研究）符合以上说

法，故选B项。

5.（2020•新课标H）C

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyour

holidaylist,furprobablydidn,tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion

（时装）enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria（海

狸鼠）.

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhave(showcased)nutriafurmade

intoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-free

fur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,

saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5

atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlast

month.

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.

“Theecosystemdowntherecan'thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物种).It's

destroyingtheenvironment.It'sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertin

thisfield.

Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades,butwhenthemarketfornutria

collapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.

BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesays

it'snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtabout

it.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton's

jobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.

Thenthere*sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.Morgansays,“Togive

peopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpainton

them-1thinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”

DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinion

thatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.Shetryingtocome

upwithalabletoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.

28.WhatisthepurposeofthefashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn?

A.Topromoteguilt-freefur.

B.Toexpandthefashionmarket.

C.Tointroduceanewbrand.

D.Tocelebrateawinterholiday.

29.Whyarescientistsconcernedaboutnutria?

A.Nutriadamagetheecosystemseriously.

B.Nutriaareanendangeredspecies.

C.Nutriahurtlocalcat-sizedanimals.

D.Nutriaareillegallyhunted.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Boomed.B.Becamemature.C.Remainedstable.D.

Crashed.

31.WhatcanweinferaboufwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?

A.It'sformal.B.It'srisky.C.It'sharmful.D.It's

traditional.

【答案】28.A29.A30.D31.B

【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出

海狸鼠制成的皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举

措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平衡表示了担忧。

28.推理判断题。根据第二段UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklyn

haveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles."Itsoundscrazy

totalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroying

vastwetlandseveryyear,“saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.

得知，美国新奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的

不同风格的衣服，项目总监CreeMcCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则

谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这

场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。

29.推理判断题。根据第三段ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthatthey

decidedtopayhunters$5atail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海

狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故

选Ao

30.词义猜测题。根据第五段Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,but

whenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,thecat-sizedanimals

multipliedlikecrazy.得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市

场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关

系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于

市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed是和D.crashed倒闭的意

思最相近。故选D。

31.推理判断题。根据第二段ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt

-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithink

that/sgoingtobeamassivething,atleastinNewYork.“得知，为了给人们一

种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，

根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。

6.（2020•新课标III）D

Wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjustevolutionthatoccurredbillions

ofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoourgenes（基因），theyarefinding

examplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousandyears.PeopleinEthiopian

highlandshaveadaptedtolivingathighaltitudes.Cattle-raisingpeopleinEast

AfricaandnorthernEuropehavegainedamutation（突变）thathelpsthemdigestmilk

asadults.

OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell、ateamofresearchersreporteda

newkindofadaptation-nottoairortofood,buttotheocean.Agroupof

sea-dwellingpeopleinSoutheastAsiahaveevolvedintobetterdivers.TheBajau,

asthesepeopleareknown,numberinthehundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,Malaysia

andthePhilippines.Theyhavetraditionallylivedonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,

they'vealsobuilthousesonstilts（支柱）incoastalwaters."Theyaresimply

astrangertotheland,“saidRedneyC.Jubilado,aUniversityofHawaiiresearcher

whostudiestheBajau.

Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthe

Philippines.Theymadealivingasdivers,spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.

“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocal

islanders,"Dr.Jubiladosaid."Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”

In201,MelissaIlardo,thenagraduatestudentingeneticsattheUniversity

ofCopenhagen,heardabouttheBajau.Shewonderedifcenturiesofdivingcouldhave

ledtotheevolutionofphysicalcharacteristicsthatmadethetaskeasierforthem,

“itseemedliketheperfectchancefornaturalselectiontoactonapopulation,“

saidDr.Ilardo.Shealsosaidtherewerelikelyanumberofothergenesthathelp

theBajaudive.

32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?

A.Environmentaladaptationofcattleraisers.B.Newknowledgeofhuman

evolution.

C.Recentfindingsofhumanorigin.D.Significanceoffoodselection.

33.WheredotheBajaubuildtheirhouses?

A.Invalleys.B.Nearrivers.C.Onthebeach.D.Offthe

coast.

34.WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?

A.Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B.Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.

C.Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D.Theylivedonbothlandand

water.

35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSeaB.Highlanders'SurvivalSkills

C.BasicMethodsofGeneticResearchD.TheWorldJsBestDivers

【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.A

【解析】这是一篇说明文。最近一项对人类基因的研究发现，人类的进化不仅仅发生在

数十亿年前，而且最近几千年也有。Bajau人因为靠海为生，他们的身体已经进化成更能

适应海洋生活。

32.推理判断题。根据第一段的wearetheproductsofevolution,andnotjust

evolutionthatoccurredbillionsofyearsago.Asscientistslookdeeperintoour

genes,theyarefindingexamplesofhumanevolutioninjustthepastfewthousand

years.（我们是进化的产物，而且不仅仅是数H乙年前的产物。当科学家更深入的研究我们

的基因时，他们发现了人类在过去几千年进化的例子）可知，作者列举第一段的例子是为了

告诉我们关于人类进化的一个新信息，那就是人类在最近几千年也在进化。B.New

knowledgeofhumanevolution.（人类进化的新知识）符合以上说法，故选B项。

33.细节理解题。根据第二段的TheBajau,asthesepeopleareknown,numberin

hundredsofthousandsinIndonesia,MalaysiaandthePhilippines.Theyhave

traditionallyliveonhouseboats;inrecenttimes,they'vealsobuilthouseson

stiltsincoastalwaters.（这些人被称为Bajau,在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数

十万人。他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上）可知，Bajau

把房子建在沿海区域。D.Offthecoast.（沿海）符合以上说法，故选D项。

34.细节理解题。根据第三段的weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwater

muchlongerthanuslocalislanders.（我们很惊讶,他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的

岛民要长的多）可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C.They

couldstaylongunderwater.（他们能在水下待很长时间）符合以上说法，故选C项。

35.主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第二段的OnThursdayinanarticle

publishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaption-nottoair

ortofood,buttotheocean.（周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一群研究人

员报道了一种新的适应——不是空气也不是食物，而是海洋）可知，本文主要讲述了一种新

的进化，即长期生活在海边，靠海为生的生活方式，让Bajau人的身体进化成更适应海洋

生活。A.BodiesRemodeledforaLifeatSea,（身体为适应海洋生活而重塑）可以作为本

文标题，故选A项。

7.（2020•江苏卷）B

Sometimesit'shardtoletgo.FormanyBritishpeople,thatcanapplyto

institutionsandobjectsthatrepresenttheircountry*spast-age-oldcastles,

splendidhomes…andredphoneboxes.

Beatenfirstbythemarchoftechnologyandlatelybytheterribleweatherin

junkyards（废品场）,thephoneboxesrepresentativeofanagearenowmakingsomething

ofacomeback.Adaptedinimaginativeways,manyhavereappearedoncitystreets

andvillagegreenshousingtinycafes,cellphonerepairshopsorevendefibrillator

machines（除颤器）.

Theoriginalironboxeswiththeroundroofsfirstappearedin1926.Theywere

designedbyGilesGilbertScott,thearchitectoftheBatterseaPowerStationin

London.Afterbecominganimportantpartofmany