国际英语学校-GLOBAL-IELTS-SCHOOL-全真版本写作训练班专用教材

LastupdatedonJanuary12,2006GlobalIELTSSchool(BJ)Allrightsreserved.Alwaysshootforthesky,becauseifyoufail,youwillbeamongthestars.第一讲雅思写作考试对中国考生的四个难点(Chapter1:TheFourHurdlesinIELTSWritingTest难点一:AcademicWriting学术类写作问题的特殊要求(改错练习)1.Sinceprivatecompaniesdon'tcaremuchaboutthepublicinterests,sothegovernmenthasasignificantroletoplayinscientificresearch.(不能缩写)2.Whythesetravellersdamagetheenvironmentshouldbeanalyzed.(英式美式拼法不能混用)3.Wemustdoourbest(utmost)toprotect(preserve)animals.(词汇用法太嫩)4.Itisclear(manifest)thatpornographicshowsdoharmto(undermine,endanger,jeopard)thelivesoflotsofyoungster(adolescent).词汇,专有特定的修饰5.Nowadays(Inpresent-daysociety),humanbeingsfacebigchallengesinmanyareas.6.Inthesedayandage,manycompanieshavereplacedtelephonewithinternet.7.Weareconfrontedwithmanyenvironmentalproblems.Theyarebecomingmoreandmoreserious.(句式,语法)8.Thetrafficproblemisbecomingworse.Wemustworktogethertosolveit.(句子结构)9.Soindividuals,communitiesandthegovernmentallmustworkhardtofightcrime!(不应该带感情色彩)10.WemustbefriendlytootherbecausetheBiblesaid,"Treatyourneighborsasyouwouldliketobetreated."(文化背景,圣经不可用)难点二:Nospecifictopicpool.题库大,没有公开,而且题目变化多.对策:雅思话题不会超出十大类别:文明类:TourismEducationGovernmentWomenandfamiliesLanguageandcultureTechnologyandtheMediaDevelopmentandglobalization野蛮类:CrimeAnimalsEnvironmentalproblem难点三:中国大陆考生对很多话题不熟悉,考场上思考素材花费时间太长对策:掌握思考素材的四种方法A分类法Somehigh-schoolgraduatesgototravelorworkforaperiodoftimebeforetheygotostudyinuniversities.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthispracticetotheirstudies.Somepeoplethinkoldbuildingshouldbedestroyedandreplacedtomakeroomfornewconstructions.TowhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreeB替代法Somepeoplethinkmotorizedflightwasthegreatestinventioninthetwentiethcentury.DoyouagreeordisagreeSomepeoplethinkstricterpunishmentfordrivingoffendersistheonlyeffectivewaytoimprovesafetyontheroad.TowhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreeSomepeoplethinkanimalexperimentationshouldbebannedbecausetheyarecruel.TowhatextentdoyouagreeordisagreeC综合法Somepeoplethinkstudentsshouldbeallowedtoevaluatetheteachers'jobperformance.Othersthinkthiswillleadtolossofdisciplineandrespect.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.Somepeoplethinkthegovernmentshouldpayforeducationandhealthcare.Othersthinkthisisnottheresponsibilityofthegovernment.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.D裸奔法(无想法时的救命稻草)Peopletodaycanperformtheeverydaytaskssuchasshopping,bankingorevenbusinesstransactions,withoutmeetingothersface-to-face.WhateffectswillthisphenomenonhaveonindividualsandsocietyasawholeUnlikemanyothercountries,policeofficersintheUKdonotcarryguns.Somepeoplethinkthisisawisepolicy.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree往以下这些方面考虑论点取第一个字母缩写:TMSTREEC$Technology&EfficiencyEnvironment&HealthMind&SoulEmployment&CompetitionSociety&CrimeCulture&PopulationTime&SpaceMoney&FunRights&ResponsibilitiesTMSTREEC$Tech&EfEnvi&HealMind&soulEmpl&CompSoci&CrimCul&PlpTimes&SpaMo&FunRi&Resp难点四:中国考生掌握语法的深度和广度让人惊叹,但是使用时准确度不够对策:雅思写作"语法的七宗罪"改错练习1.Employeecanbenefitmorefromtelecommutingthanemployee.(n.可数不可数)2.1Workathomeusingmoderntechnologycangreatlyenhanceourefficiency.(v.原型不可做主语)2.2Childrenwhoareraiseinimpoverishedfamiliescangenerallydealwithproblemsmoreeffectivelyintheiradultyears.(被动语态)2.3Theproblemsthatarecreatedbyenvironmentalcontaminationisveryhardtoresolve.(主谓一致)2.4Inpresent-daysociety,cultureswerebecomingverysimilar.(时态)3.Intelligentstudentsshouldnotbetreateddifferentbytheirteachers.副词4.1Countriesshouldpayattentiononthedisadvantagesglobalizationmaycreate.介词4.2TheInternethasinsteadofteachersinmanyclassrooms.5.Someparentsdonotobeytrafficruleshimself.6.Theseoldbuildingsshouldbedestroyed,newbuildingsmustbeconstructed.逗号7.Theseareagreatmanychildrenthinkthemainpurposeofeducationshouldbetoaffordthempleasureandenjoyment.补充材料IELTS作文复杂句的七种内部关系(SevenpossiblerelationshipsUnderlyingacomplexsentence)Causeandeffect因果关系标志词1)表示原因的because,as,since,dueto,owingto(画横线的连接词请重点掌握)2)表示结果的hence(因此),thus(因此),therefore(因此),Asaconsequence,…(作为结果)Accordingly…(相应的),Asaresult…(作为结果)Consequently…(作为结果)so…that…(如此…以致…)E.g.Theecologicalproblemsarebeingaggravated.Hence,itisimperativethatwetakemeasurestocurbthepollutionoftheenvironment.生态系统正在急剧的恶化,因此,我们必须采取严厉的措施遏制对环境的污染.Exemplification举例关系标志词…isacaseinpoint.(某人或某事是一个恰当的例子.)Take…forexample.(以…为例)forinstance.(比如…)ToIllustrate…(例如…)Asanillustration…(作为例证…)e.g.TheAsiancountriesaregettingwesternizedatastaggeringrate.TakeChinaforexample,whenyoungstersgotothemovies,itisstandardpracticeforthemtochooseHollywoodblockbusteroverdomesticfilms.亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化,以中国为例,当年轻人去电影院的时候,通常都会选择好莱坞大片而不是中国电影.Comparisonandcontrast对比关系标志词While…,whereas…,whilst…,incontraste.g.Whereas/whilemodernmanissorushedandsostressed,ourancestorscouldoftenperformtheirbusinessinarelaxedmanner.(对比)现代人的生活是如此的奔忙与紧张,而我们的祖先却可以不慌不忙的从事他们的事务.e.g.Theeducationalandmedicalfacilitiesinbigcitiesaremostlyveryadvanced.Incontrast,theircounterpartsinthecountrytendtobeofinferiorquality.Concession让步关系标志词Despite/inspiteof…(后面只能跟名词名词词组或者动名词)(尽管有…),albeit…(尽管,后面只能跟形容词或者介词短语),形容词+asitmaybe…(尽管,前面只能加形容词),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(尽管如此)e.g.1Toughasitmaybetogetaccustomedtoanewculture,itwillproveveryrewarding.尽管适应新的文化可能很难,但这会被证明是很值得的.2RoteLearningisattimesnecessary,albeitmonotonous.死记硬背有时候是必要的,尽管很枯燥和机械.3Thegovernmentplaysacrucialroleinscientificresearch,Nonetheless,privatecompaniesholdcertainadvantagesinconductingscientificresearch.Definition下定义关系标志词Aisbestcharacterizedby…(A最明显的特征是…),Aconstitutes…(A构成…)Ameans…,Aconsistsof…(A由…组成).e.g.Afinejournalistisbestcharacterizedbydiscipline,determinationandkeenobservations.一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律,毅力和敏锐的观察.Animalexperimentation,insomecases,constitutescallousabuseoftestanimals.Supposition假设论证,标志词providedthat…(如果)giventhechoice…(如果可以选择的话…)onlyif…(只有…)aslongas…(只要)if…,supposethat…e.g.Providedthatwecanminimizethepainoftestanimals,animalexperimentationshouldbecontinued.e.g.Giventhechoice,manypeoplewouldliveinbigcitiesratherthanthecountryside.Modification修饰关系标志词that,which,whoInthisdayage,wehaveaproliferationofbuildingsthatlookexactlylikethebuildingsourancestorsbuilt.Today,teenagestudentsareunderincreasinglyseverestressintheirstudies,whichhasdisturbedandalarmedmanyadults.补充资料IELTS写作考试的常用模板和句型说明A内容分为三部分:开头段通用模板,主体段为加分句型,结尾段为模板;B为了方便同学使用,又分为进步类,倒退类,中间类和解决类模板;C这里职包括作者Patrick在IELTS写作大作文里实际写作种经过检验确实实用的模板,不常用的或者小作文的模板没有包括.开头段通用模板进步类1)Incontemporarysociety,thehumanraceisadvancingatanunprecedentedrateinamultitudeofarenas.在当今社会,人类正以前所未有的速度在很多领域向前发展.2)Todaywehaveembarkeduponthe…era.今天,我们已经进入了…的时代.Wehaveembarkedupontheinformationera.3)Sincetheadvent/arrivalofthe…era…随着…时代的到来…例句:Sincetheadventoftheinformationera,ourefficiencyatworkhasbeengreatlyenhanced.随着信息时代的到来,我们的工作效率得到了很大的提高.例句2Withtheadventoftheinformationera,schooleducationhasundergoneprofoundchangesatanacceleratedrate.倒退类4)ButAisattended/accompaniedbyB但是伴随着…(某种好现象)的到来,某种坏现象也出现了.例句:ButtheproliferationofEnglishisaccompaniedbytheextinctionofmanylesser-knownlanguages.但是随着英语的广泛传播的是大量小语种的消亡.5)Accompanyingalltheboonsbroughtaboutbytheprofoundsocialchangeshavecomsomesufferings;and…isveryprominentamongthem.随着深刻的社会变革带来的种种好处,出现了很多问题,…是其中很显著的一个.6)Withtheincidence(发生率)of…hoveringathighlevels,manyhavebecomedisturbedandalarmed.…的发生率居高不下,这引起了很多人的困扰和警觉.例句:Withtheincidenceofdrivingoffenseshoveringathighlevels,manyhavebecomedisturbedandalarmed.7)Inthisdayandage,itisstandardpracticefor…todosomething.今天,某些人做某事是很普遍的.例句:Inthisdayandage,itisstandardpracticeforparentstorusharoundalldaybusyingthemselveswiththeirwork.8)Suchagravesituationmeritsourcarefulattention.这样一个严重的情况值得我们关注.9)Theissueof…hasbeenthrownintosharprelief/focus.…引起了人们的强烈关注.例句:Soaringcarownershiphasthrowntheissueofcaraccidentsintosharprelief.10)However,thereisnoconsensuson…yet.或者peopleholddivergent/contrasting/conflictingviewon…或者peoplearedividedover…不同的人关于某个问题持不同的看法.例句:Peopleholdcontrastingviewsonanimalexperiments.人们对动物试验持不同的看法.11)Somethinghasbeengrowingatanalarming/staggeringrate.某事物正在以令人震惊的速度增长.例句:WiththecarownershipsoaringinChina,trafficaccidentshavebeengrowingatanalarming/staggeringrate.12)Whether…hastriggered/sparked/aroused/givenrisetospiriteddebate.是否应该…引起了激烈的辩论,同样的意思还可以用以下三个常用句型表达…Whether…isahighlydebatableissue.或者Whether…isanissueopentodebate或者Whether…isacontroversialissue.例句:Whetherstudentshouldappraisetheirteachers'performanceisanissueopentodebate.是否学生应该评价老师的教学是一个没有定论的问题.13)Some(people)assert/contend/argue/hold/maintain/claim/think/believethat…有一些人认为…例句:Somepeopleassertthatrelocatinglargecompaniestothecountrysideisthebestwaytoresolvethetrafficandhousingproblemsincities.一些人认为把大公司搬到乡村是解决城市交通和住房的最好方法.14)…islargelyfuelledby...某现象主要是被…所推动.例句:Theproliferationofplasticbagislargelyfuelledbythepursuitforlowercosts.IELTS议论文主体段写作加分37句型前进类1profitfromPeopletheworldovercanprofitfromtheadvancementinmotorizedflight.2Aisanintegral/indispensablepartofBAdvertisinghasbecomeanindispensablepartofourlivesandithasbeenexertingprofoundinfluenceonthewaywelive,work,playandlearn.3somethingplaysapivotal/keyrolein…Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthateducationplaysapivotalroleinindividualsuccess.4enable/allowsomebodytodosomethingCulturalassimilationenablesnewly-arrivedimmigrantstogetaheadinthenewsocietysuccessfully.5getaccustomedtodosomething/adjustto/adapttoNewimmigrantsmustgetaccustomedtothelocalculturetosucceed.6Someonecangetaccesstosomething或者canaccesssomething或者canutilizesomethingInthisdayandage,manyindividualscanaccesstheInternetviacomputerormobilephone.倒退类1…isattendedby/…isaccompaniedbyThestaggeringadvancementoftechnologyisattendedbyserverpollutionoftheecosystem.2Themore…themore…Themorevehiclesontheroad,themoretrafficcongestionstooccur.3AcanbeattributedtoB或者BstemsfromATheproliferationoftrafficaccidentscanbeinlargemeasureattributedtothetrafficlawnotbeingstringentenough.4beafflictedwith/beplaguedwithInpresent-daysociety,ahostofcountriesareafflictedwithchronicpoverty.5deprivesomeoneofsomethingModerncitiesdeprivecity-dwelleroffreshairandthecomfortablepaceoflife.6somethingprompt/impelssomebodytodo…Peerpressureoftenimpelsyoungstertospendexcessivelyonfancyclothesandaccessories.7AhasrenderedB+adj./noun形容词或名词Wemustensurethattechnologicalinnovationswillnotrenderusslavestohightechnology.其中Wemustensurethat..意思是我们必须确保…我们必须确保科技创新不会让我们变成高科技的奴隶.Thefast-pacedwayoflifehasrenderedmanypeoplealienatedfromoneanother.快节奏的生活让很多人彼此疏远.8Arecentstudyconductedbythe(ChineseacademyofSocialScience)revealthat…如果是教育问题用UNESCO如果是犯罪问题可以用theMinistryofJustice交通问题可以用theMinistryofTransportation建筑问题可以用theMinistryofConstruction环境问题可以HSUSandGreenpeaceArecentstudyconductedbyHSUSandGreenpeacesuggestedthattherewereoveronemillionmammalsinlabcagestoday.9beaddictedto/preoccupiedwithsomethingInpresent-daysociety,manyindividualsareaddictedto/preoccupiedwithvariousformsofgambling.10somethingisthechiefculpritin或者somethingistherootcauseof…Thepopulationexplosionisthechiefculpritin/therootcauseofwaterscarity.11beconfrontedwithsomethingIncontemporarysociety,weareconfrontedwithaplethoraofviolentandpornographicTVshows.12present/poseathreatto…Incontemporarysociety,theproliferationofnon-biodegradablerubbishposesagravethreattohumanity.13beawashwith/beinundatedwithsomethingThemediaarebeawashwith/beinundatedwithdetailedcrimecoverage.14if…somethingwillensueIfparentsneglecttheiroffspring,lackofdisciplineandrespectwillensue.15Withtheincidenceof…hoveringathighlevels,manyhavebecomedisturbedandalarmed.Withtheincidenceofdrivingoffenseshoveringathighlevels,manyhavebecomedisturbedandalarmed.16somethingisunwarranted/unjustifiableExperimentinguponlabanimalswithouttryingtoalleviatetheirpainisunwarranted/unjustifiable.中间类1…onthegroundsthat…Someothersopposetoanimalexperimentationonthegroundsthatitisinhumane.2exertbeneficial/baneful/profoundinfluenceonsomethingInthisdayandage,globalizationisexertingprofoundimpactonthewaywework,live,playandlearn.3Aprevailover/outweigh/outbalanceBTheadvantagesofimposingstifferpunishmentondrivingoffenderprevailoverthedisadvantages.4Abringabout/generate/breed/engender/spawn/induceB.Technologicalinnovationshavebroughtaboutprofoundchangestothepolitical,economicalandculturalarenas.5AisakeydeterminantofBInanindividual'scareer,tenacityisakeydeterminantofsuccess.6Itismanifestthat…或者Itisuniversallyacknowledgethat…Itismanifestthatglobalizationcanalsoengenderahostofbanestothelivesofpeopleinthethird-worldcountries.解决类1giveprioritytosomethingThegovernmentshouldgiveprioritytotheoptimizationofitsfinancialresources.2dedicatedAtoBThegovernmentshoulddedicatemoremoneytothealleviationofchronicpoverty.3belikelytofallpreyto/bevulnerabletoWithoutproperparentalguidance,childrenareveryvulnerabletotheviolentorpornographiccontentonTVshows.4somethingshouldbecondemnedratherthancondoned(押尾韵)Indiscriminatecopyingoftraditionalarchitecturalstyletodayshouldbecondemnedratherthancondoned.5itisimperative/crucial/key/essentialthat…或者somethingisofparamount/overridingimportance.Tothenewly-arrivedimmigrants,itisimperativethattheyadapttothelocalcultureimmediately.6abideby/complywithItisessentialthatgovernmentpassmorestringentlawstocompeldriverstoabideby/complywiththelaw.7somethingrequires/necessitates/callfor…Thegraveecologicalproblemrequires/necessitates/callforjointeffortofallthenationsontheglobe.8distinguishbetweenAandBManyyoungsterslackthecapacitytodistinguishbetweenrightandwrong.9mustensurethatParentsmustensurethattheydedicateenoughtimeandenergytotheiroffspring.结尾段常用模板1)basedontheabovediscussion,Iamconvincedthat…(用于一边倒文章的结尾段)基于以上的讨论,我确信…2)Inthefinalanalysis,Iconcedethat…However,….Onbalance…(用于折衷式文章结尾段)作为最后总结,我承认…但是…综合起来看…3)Theupsideofsomething,outweighsitsdownside或者thestrengthsofsomething,prevailoveritsweaknesses或者theprosofsomethingoutbalanceitscons.某事利大于弊(如果弊大于利把顺序颠倒一下就可以了)IELTS作文常用同义词人类thehumanrace,humanity,man,humankind,Homosapiens在当代incontemporarysociety,inpresent-daysociety,inthisdayandage解决(及物动词)tackle,address,resolve,combat破坏(及物动词)undermine,jeopardize,devastate(最后一个语气最强)影响(名词)impact,repercussions,ramifications,implications危险(名词)perils,hazards,dangers明显的(形容词)manifest,apparent,evident,obvious从事(及物动词)carryout,conduct,perform,goabout积极的,好的beneficial,advantageous消极的,坏的baneful,detrimental好处-坏处benefits,blessings,boons—banes,pros—cons,advantages—disadvantages,merit—demerit无处不在的prevalent,pervasive大量的ahostof,amultitudeof,avastnumberof(后面跟可数名词复数)agreatdealof,avastamountof(后面跟不可数名词单数)增进enhance代替improve贫穷的impoverished代替poor保护preserve代替protect富裕的affluent/wealthy代替rich污染contamination代替pollution需要(及物动词)require,necessitate,callforPatrick考试经验分享(test-takingtips)有人提出先写task2再写task1.这种说法听起来好像很新颖,其实是在回避考试的不确定性,与先写task1再写task2的做法没有本质的优劣之分,那么到底应该如何决定写作顺序呢根据我参加雅思考试的经验以及学生的反馈,在拿到考卷以后,不管一个人心理素质多好,绝对没有人只会看一道题就开始写作.任何考生都一定会本能的现把两道题都很快的看一遍再开始写其中的一道题.同学们很快地看完两道题目以后,如果确实觉得task2地题目自己准备地很充分,有信心在40分钟左右写出一篇自己满意地议论文,那么就应该先写task2,因为task2占总分地60%.但是如果看完两道题之后,你觉得task2地题目自己准备得不充分或者一时想不出足够得内容,那么我强烈建议大家先写task1.这是因为task1的结尾段往往需要从图表中总结出深层的关系,这个task1结尾段深层关系对评分是很重要的.而task2的结尾段,与一些老师所持的观点相反,除了"discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion"这一类题型之外,其他题型的结尾段只起概括上下文作用,在实际评分中并不是那么重要.因为考官在评阅大家的task2结尾段时,一般都清楚多数同学写这一段的时候时间已经时第58分钟甚至59分50秒了,所以考官知道task2的结尾段时无法准确反映一个考生的写作水平的,评分的时候互放松对结尾段的要求,而重点打击开头段和主体段.第二讲十大全真版本范文,词汇与模板Education类Somepeoplethinkstudentsshouldbeallowedtoevaluatetheirteachers'jobperformance.Othersbelievethatwillleadtolossofrespectanddiscipline.Discussandgiveyourownopinion.开头段(不少于4句)Inthisdayandage,itisstandardpracticeforbusinessexecutivetofilloutperformance-evaluationformstogivetheirassessmentoftheirsubordinates'work.Butwhenitcomestotheevaluationofschoolteachers'jobperformancebytheirstudents,peopleholddivergentviews.Somearguethatstudentsshouldbeallowedtodoso.Otherscontendthatdisrespectandindisciplinewillensueifstudentsevaluatetheirteacherswork.Personally,Ibelieveboththesetwoviewshavesomemerit.主体段1(不少于5句)Granted,therecouldbesomepossibledrawbackstostudentsevaluatingtheirteachers'work.First,ifnotwell-managed,evaluationbythestudentsmaybecompletelyworthlessorevenmisleading.Itismanifestthatnotallstudentswouldgivetheirevaluationresponsiblyandsomestudentsmaymakemeancomments.Secondly,somestudentscriticizetheirteachernotbecausetheirteachershaveaslackattitudeabouttheirjob.Rathertheydosobecausetheydislikeorevendespiseschooling.主体段2(不少于7句)However,encouragingstudentstoevaluatetheirteachercanbringaboutmoreboons.Inthefirstplace,itisaneffectivemeansofmotivatingtheteacherstoimprovetheirlectures.Teachershavetokeepadjustingtheirteachingtomeasureuptotheexpectationsofthestudent.Inthesecondplace,regularinputaffordstheteacherobjectiveandbalancedideasabouttheirownperformance.Withoutsuchfeedback,itishardfortheteachertohaveaccurateassessmentoftheirownteaching.Inthethirdplace,ameasureofstudents'autonomycanmakethestudentbetterpreparedfortheiradultlife.Thestudentbecomesbetteratdecision-makingandcriticalthinking.结尾段(不少于3句)Inthefinalanalysis,Iconcedethatenablingthestudenttoevaluatetheirteachers'performancemighthavesomepotentialdrawback.However,byaveragingoutstudent'sappraisalandencouragethemtoevaluateresponsiblycaneliminatethedownsideofthispractice.Onbalance,Iamconvincedthatallowingstudentstoevaluatetheirteachersisinthebestinterestsofstudents,teachers,schooladministrators,andthesocietyasawhole.Education类8分范文Childrenwhogrowupinfamilieswithoutlargeamountsofmoneyarebetterpreparedtodealwithproblemsintheiradultlifethanchildrenwhoarebroughtupbywealthyparents.Doyouagreeordisagree题目点评:这道题目是IELTSwritingtask2当中比较少见的"看着容易写好太难"的题目(很多IELTS作文题目看起来很难,写好却不一定特别难).首先要注意到区别"familieswithoutlargeamountsofmoney"和"poorfamilies"这两个概念的差异,前者不仅仅指"low-incomefamilies"还包括"middle-incomefamilies",所以题目的意思和一些同学概括的"穷人的孩子早当家不同";另外一个误区在于因为这道题目和中国的文化比较贴近,很多同学会举过多的简单生活事例但是忽略了推理,论证缺乏深度.从论点上看,考虑到多数考生更熟悉中国的国情,肯定是totallyagree更好写,布什的内阁里面现在也有拉洋板儿出生的(不过美国的富豪的孩子当中牛人还是出了不少,四十三位总统里面也有大量的富家子弟,从整体上看西方有钱的家长更舍得让自己的孩子经历风雨).既然观点写一边倒,那么结果当然就是五段式――开头段转述题目+主旨句,主体段1讲一般家庭的孩子比富家孩子有更强的心理承受能力,主体段2讲一般家庭的孩子有更强的独立性,主体段3讲普通家庭的家长对小孩的要求往往更严格,几位段总结上三层意思.Thesisstatement和topicsentences(范文里用横线标明)关键词:incomegaps指收入差距incomeinequality指收入不均intergenerational两代人之间的turnthetable是个idiom,有点像中文说的"打翻身仗"offspring孩子counterpart相对应的人(或事务)meritocraticsociety说白了就是"凭本事吃饭的社会"self-restraint自制能力infancy婴儿期frugality勤俭financialstrains说白了就是缺钱,名词well-off/affluent(adj)/well-to-do/wellheeled/wealthy自己管理自己,名词initiative主动性well-acquainted对某事很熟悉,mitigate缓解,要说解决问题,雅思里面词汇也特多tackle/address/solveresolvegrapplewith/combat再加题目里面的dealwith,大家挑着用啦Itiswidelyacceptedthatwehavebeenlivingina"therichgetricherwhereasthepoorgetpoorer"ageintermsofincomegapswithinageneration.However,tothisday,therehasbeennoconsensusyetovertheextenttowhichincomeinequalityisintergenerational.Somecontendthattheoffspringoflow-incomeandmiddle-incomeparentscanlargelygrowupmanifestbetterproblem-solvingabilitiesduringadulthoodthantheirhigh-incomefamilycounterpartstherebyturningthetablesociallyandfinancially.Personally,Ibelievethisisgenerallythecaseinanymeritocraticsociety.(Thesisstatement)Firstandforemost,childrenraisedinhouseholdnotinpossessionofagoodfortuneareconditionedearlyonintheirlivestoexerciseself-controlandself-restraint.Theseindividualslearnfromtheirinfancyonwardthatnoteverythingtheycravewillbecometheirsinstantaneously.Everysooftentheirwishesgobeyondtheirparents'meansandtheyhavetocometotermswiththeresultingsenseoffrustrationorrejection.Throughoutthechildhoodandearlyadulthoodyearstheyaretemperedbytherepeatedexperiencesofparents'denialoftheirrequestsandfrugalityisinculcatedintotheirmindsasavirtue.Consequentlythesechildren,forthemostpart,areapttointerpretscrimpingandsaving,emotionaluneasiness,notinfrequentfinancialstrainsandmenialfirstjobsasanintegralpartofliferatherthanadevastatingordeal.Hencetheyendupbeingbetterabletomanagestressintheiradultyearsandlesslikelytopanicorgetdauntedwhenproblemsoccur.Further,childrenbroughtupbyparentsoflowormiddleeconomicstatusoftengrowuptobephysically,mentallyandprofessionallymoreindependentthanchildrenbroughtupbyaffluentparents.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatchildrenwhoseparentsarenotparticularlywell-offaremorelikelythanchildrenofaffluenthouseholdstoknowhowtogetthemostoutofamodestallowance,iftheyevergetsuchathingatall.Totheformergroupofchildrenmostdesirablethingsinlifehavetobe"earned"—thatis,moreoftenthannottheymustputforthgreateffortbeforetheirdesireisfulfilled.Ontheotherhand,busy,lowormediumsalariedparentstranslateintomoreautonomyandinitiativeonthechildren'spart.Thisoriginallydisadvantagedgroupbecomesspontaneousandhandythroughcraftingtoyontheirown,resourcefulbycookingtheirownmeals,tactfulwithcoaxingtheirparentsintobuyingthemgifts,intelligentthankstotheabsenceofprivatetutors,savvyindoingsummerjobs,andaboveall,unrelentinginpursuingtheirdreams.Lastly,non-wealthyparentstypicallyhavehigherandmoredefiniteaspirationfortheirchildrenthanwell-to-doparents.Well-acquaintedwithallthedisadvantagesameagerorfair-to-middlingbankaccountgenerates,manynon-wealthyparentspintheirhopesontheirchildrentogettheirfamiliesupwardlymobile.Theseadultsmostlyhavehighbehavioral,educationaland(subsequently)occupationalexpectationsfortheirchildren.Asaresult,theycannotaffordtobepermissiveparents.Spoilingtheiroffspringrottenisthelastthingtheycaretodoandtheyarealwaysreadytodisciplinetheirchildrenwhentheymisbehave.Theykeeptabsontheirchildren'sgradesatschoolanddonotsparetherodwhentheiroffspringdonotmeasureupacademically.Theoddsofchildrenraisedinsuchrigorousenvironmentshavinggoodproblem-solvingskillsareapparentlybetterthanchildrenraisedotherwise.Toconclude,thechiefdeterminantofindividuals'problem-solvingskillsisnottheamountofmoneytheirparentscanamasswhentheyarelittle.Rather,hands-onexperienceincomprehending,analyzing,resolving,mitigatingorcircumventingproblemsismoreessentialtothecultivationofproblem-solvingabilities.Hence,Iamconvincedthatfamilieswithoutgreatwealtharemoreadvantageoustothedevelopmentofindividualcapacitytotackleproblems.Education类词汇Education:1)培养(某种素质)cultivate/foster/nurture(vts)促进学生身心发展promotethestudent'sphysical,mental(或者用intellectual)andemotionaldevelopment心理健康psychologicalsoundness/well-being/welfare(nouns)学习能力(先天就有的)aptitude/talent学习能力(后天学习到的)ability/skill学生接受的学校教育(名词)schooling(noun)儿童接受的家庭教育(名词)upbringing(noun)给学生以动力givethestudentsmotivationtodosomething或者motivate(vt)thestudenttodosomething青少年adolescents/youngsters/youths2)传授知识impart(vt)/inculcate(vt)knowledge灌输高尚的道德观念instill(vt)highmoralvalues(注以values复数比试价值观)给学生以灵感stimulatethestudents;thought或者givethestudentsinspiration家长教育子女的方式(名词)parenting/upbringing教学法teachingmethodology/pedagogicalmethodology适应(动词)adapttodosomething/adjustoneselftodosomething/becomeaccustomedtodosomething适应能力adaptability学生对老师所教授的知识的掌握students'grasp/command(nouns)ofwhathasbeentaught就业技能employable/marketableskill3)限制创造力的发展extinguish(vt)/stifle(vt)/constrain(vt)creativity(noun)打击学生的积极性dampen/sap(vts)thestudents'enthusiasm或者frustratethestudents产生不不要的压力beget/createunduepressure塑造某人的性格mould(BrE,vt)one'scharacter责任感asenseofobligation学生不应该只是被动的接收简单知识的容器studentshouldnotbetreatedaspassivereceptaclesofpredigestedideas.死记硬背learnthingbyrote.4)记忆方程式,公式,定理,定律memorizeequations,formulas,theoremsandlaws(nouns)应用apply(vt)盲从followsomethingblindly/indiscriminately(adv)用填鸭式教学教育学生force-feed(vt)thestudents为了记忆而记忆memorizeformemorization'sownsake5)把学生分开教育(比如根据智力或者课堂上的表现)segregate(vt)students来自于其他同学的压力peerpressure逆境adversecircumstances/adversity团队精神teamspirit(noun)独立思考:thinkindependently(adv)6)在理解的基础上学习learnthingsthroughunderstanding鼓励学生用辨证的眼光看问题encouragestudentstothinkcritically(adv)学生的反馈students'feedback或者students'input学生评价老师的教学studentsappraise/evaluatetheirteachers'performance7)学生学习的各门功课加在一起curriculum(noun)具体的一门课的内容syllabus课外活动extra-curricularactivity学校是社会的缩影Aschoolissocie