江苏省某中学、南京师范大学某中学、海安中学2021届高三12月联考英语试题

2020年12月英语学科测试试卷

注意事项

考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求

1.本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。

2.答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡

上。

3.请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中

选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读

下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Howdoesthewomanchecktheweather?

A.SheusesherphoneB.ShelistenstotheradioC.Shewatches

television

2.Whatwillthemandotonight?

A.Practicedebating.B.Studyforanexam.C.Watcha

basketballgame.

3.Whydoesn'tthemanusethemethodthewomangave?

A.Hedoesn'tlikeit.B.Hedoesn'thaveityet.C.Hedoesn*t

understand

4.Whatismoreimportantintheman'sopinion?

A.Teamwork.B.Starplayers.C.Game

time.

5.Wherearethespeakers?

A.AtastoreB.Atabank.C.Ata

第二节（共小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、

中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间

阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段

对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Athome.B.Inarestaurant.C.Ina

supermarket.

7.Whydidthemangetplentyofsalad?

A.Itwasdelicious.B.Itwasfree.C.Itwasonsale.

听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。

8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Classmates.B.Fatheranddaughter.C.Salesmanandcustomer.

9.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Whethertochangeaphone.

B.Howtochooseaphone.

C.Whentobuyaphone.

10.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

A.Askherparents.B.Trustthesalesperson.C.Readbuyers'reviews.

听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。

11.Whendidthemanbeginhislesson?

A.Yesterday.B.Lastweek.C.Amonthago

12.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhisfirstlesson?

A.Interesting.B.Difficult.C.boring

13.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherteacher?

A.Shewasaconsiderateperson.

B.Shewasanexcellentrider.

C.Shewasagoodteacher.

听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。

14.WhendidKarinabecomeinterestedincooking?

A.Whenshehelpedherparentsinthehotelkitchen.

B.Whenshemadefoodforherselfathome.

C.Whensheworkedinarestaurantfortwoweeks.

15.WhydidthetopchefoffertotrainKarina?

A.Shewasquickatlearningtocook.

B.Afamouspersonlikedthefoodshemade.

C.HeneededsomeonetoworkonSaturdays.

16.WhatdoesKarinaliketodoinherfreetime?

A.Staywithherfamily.B.Createnewsalads.C.Eatout.

听第10段材料，答第17至20题。

17.Whoisthespeakertalkingto?

A.Guestspeakers.B.Clubmembers.C.University

students.

18.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestdoing?

A.Tryingtojoinafreeclub.

BRememberingtobringthelibrarycard.

Ccomparingtheclubsbeforejoiningone.

19.Whatinformationisontheregistrationdocument?

A.Abooklistforeachcourse.

B.Thenamesofthedepartmentalheads.

C.Theclassroomnumbersforeachclass.

20.Whereshouldonefixanyaccommodationproblems?

A.Thesecretaryoffice.

B.Theacademicdepartment.

C.Theuniversityadministration.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所

给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

TOWNOFMIDDLEBOROUGHRUBBISH/RECYCLEINFORMATION

RUBBISHCOLLECTIONCURBSIDE（路边回收）

Yourhouseholdrubbishiscollectedweeklyonyourregularcollectionday.Allresidentsusing

rubbishbarrelsmusthavecoversonthemtopreventrain/snowwaterbuildupinside.

PleasenotethefollowinglistofitemswillNOTbepickedupbytheSanitationDivision:

•MedicalWasteorMercury-CallHealthDepartmentat508-946-2408

・Containerswithsharpedgesorbottoms.

•Metals,furnitureorbuildingmaterials.

•Recyclablematerial.

RECYCLECOLLECTIONCURBSIDE

Yburrecyclableswillbecollectedeveryotherweekonyourregularcollectionday

Failuretoputyourrecyclablesoutontheassigneddaycauses"doublepick-up”.

Pleasehelpustokeepcostsdown.

Itemsforcurbsidecollection:

•Newspapersandmagazines

•Cardboard-CerealBoxes,PastaBoxes,ShoeBoxes,Etc.

•Cansandplastics(NOCHILDRENSTOYS)

•Clearandcoloredglass(onlybrown&green)

Howtoprepareitemsforcurbsidecollection:

•PaperProducts一pleasewraptheminplasticgrocerybagstoprotectfromrainandwind.

•Cans,plasticsandclearandcoloredglass-RINSECLEAN.

*Allrubbish/recyclablesmustbeoutatcurbsideby7:00a.m.onyourregularscheduled

collectionday.

1.Howoftenishouseholdrubbishcollectedinthetown?

A.Everyday.B.Everyotherday.

C.Everyweek.D.Everyotherweek.

2.Whichofthefollowingrecyclableswillbecollected?

A.ANikebox.B.Anoldcellphone.

C.Aplastictoycar.D.Ayellowdrinkingglass.

3.Whatshouldtheresidentsdowhentheydumptheirrecyclables?

A.Theyshouldkeeppick-upcostsdown.

B.Theyshouldhavethemcleanedbeforedumping.

C.Theyshoulddumpthemby7:00a.m.besidetheirhouses.

D.Theyshouldhavepaperproductscoveredinplasticbags.

【答案】l.C2.A3.D

【解析】

这是一篇应用文。文章是一则米德尔堡镇垃圾回收公告，公告里列举了可回收和不可回收的

垃圾种类以及说明了如何准备回收物品等信息。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中"Yourhouseholdrubbishiscollectedweeklyonyourregular

collectionday.（你的家庭垃圾会在每周的定期收集日被收集）”可知，镇上每周会收集一次家

庭垃圾。故选C。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据Itemsforcurbsidecollection部分中MCardboard-CerealBoxes,Pasta

Boxes,ShoeBoxes,Etc.（纸箱、麦片盒、意大利面盒、鞋盒等）”可知，A选项“一个耐克盒

子”可回收物品会被收集。故选A。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据Howloprepareitemsforcurbsidecollection部分中uPaperProducts—please

wraptheminplasticgrocerybagstoprotectfromrainandwind.（纸制品请用塑料购物袋包

装，以防风雨打湿）”可知，当居民倾倒可回收垃圾时，他们应该用塑料袋包装纸制品。故

选D。

B

“She'sawfullycute."That'swhatMartyGinsburgthoughtwhenhemethisfellowCornell

studentRuthBaderin1950.Soonhenoticedsomethingelse."Hethoughtshewasawfullysmart,^^

saystheirsonJamesGinsburg.l4MomsaidDadwastheonlyboywhodatedher,MJamessays,"who

caredthatshehadabrain."

Thatbrain,ofcourse,wouldtakeherallthewaytotheSupremeCourt.Butwhiletheworld

knowsaboutRuthBaderGinsburg-thesecondwomantobeappointedasU.S.SupremeCourt

justice-thestoryofthegrandloveaffairbetweenRuthandMartyhasn'tbeenpubliclytolduntilnow.

AsRuthbecameanexpertingender-discriminationlaw,sheandMartywerealivingexample

ofwhatequalityofthesexeswasallabout.HIdidthecooking,andshedidthethinking,^Martyoften

joked.But,asRuthsawit,"Withouthim,IwouldnothavegainedaseatontheSupremeCourt.”

Theteststothecouple'slovecameearlyandoften.Whentheywerestillinlawschool,Marty

gotcancer.Whileheunderwentradiation,Ruthorganizedhisfriendstotakeclassnotes/'He'dget

uparoundmidnightandtheneatwhateverfoodIhadcookedfbrhim,1'Ruthsaid.Martysurvived.

AfterRuthwasappointedtotheU.S.CourtofAppealsin1980,MartyfollowedhertoD.C.

"Hewasalwaystryingtogethertoleavetheofficeandcomehomefordinner,'1saysNPRlegal

correspondentNinaTotenberg.AndwhenshegotthenominationasaJustice,Martytookher

shoppingtopickoutsuitsfbrherconfinnationhearings.Healsojoinedthecourt's"spousesclub”,

becausehewantedtocookwhentheyallgottogether.

Theirlovetookonanewmeaningin2010,afteratumorwasfoundinMartyandRuthbecame

hiscaretakeragain,stayingupwithhimthroughthenight.InhisfinaldaysMartylefthiswifeanote:

“YouaretheonlypersonIhavelovedinmylifeandIhaveadmiredyousincethedaywefirstmetat

Cornell56yearsago."Hedied10dayslater.ThenextdayRuthreturnedtoworkonthebench.

Askedwhy,shehadasimpleanswer:"Martywouldhavewanteditthatway.”

4.InRuth'seyeswhatmakesMartydifferentfromtheothermendatingher?

A.Hecoulddocookingforher.B.Hewasfascinatedbyherwisdom.

C.Hehelpedherpromotesexualequality,D.Hecamefromthesameuniversityas

shedid.

5.WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?

A.WhatchangestookplaceinRuth.B.WhyMartywasaddictedtocooking.

C.HowMartysupportedRuthalltheway.D.HowRuthbecameaSupremeCourt

justice.

6.TheunderlinedsentenceimpliesthatMartywishedRuthto

A.fulfilhisdreamB.forgettheirpast

C.worklonghoursD.moveonwithouthim

7.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.RuthBaderGinsburg:HerSweetFamilyB.RuthBaderGinsburg:HerLife

Experience

C.RuthBaderGinsburg:HerGreatLoveStoryD.RuthBaderGinsburg:HerFightFor

GenderEquality

【答案】4.B5.C6.D7.C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了第二位被任命为美国最高法院大法官的女性RuthBader

Ginsburg和她丈夫RuthBader的爱情故事。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中""Hethoughtshewasawfullysmart,saystheirsonJamesGinsburg.

*'MomsaidDadwastheonlyboywhodatedher,''Jamessays,"whocaredthatshehadabrain."（他

们的儿子JamesGinsburg说：“他认为她非常聪明，妈妈说爸爸是和她约会的男孩中唯---

个在乎她有智慧的男孩。“）”可知，在Ruth眼中，Marty和其他男人的不同之处在于，他

被她的智慧迷住了。故选B。

【5题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第五段“AfterRuthwasappointedtotheU.S.CourtofAppealsin1980,Marty

followedhertoD.C."Hewasalwaystryingtogethertoleavetheofficeandcomehomefordinner,"

saysNPRlegalcorrespondentNinaTotenberg.AndwhenshegotthenominationasaJustice,Marty

tookhershoppingtopickoutsuitsforherconfirmationhearings.Healsojoinedthecourt's"spouses

club",becausehewantedtocookwhentheyallgottogether.（1980年，露丝被任命为美国上诉法

院法官后，马蒂跟随她来到华盛顿特区“他总是想让她离开办公室回家吃晚饭，”美国国家

公共电台的法律记者NinaTotenberg说。当她被提名为大法官时，马蒂带着她去购物，为她

的确认听证会挑选西装。他还加入了法院的“配偶俱乐部”，因为他想在他们聚在一起的时

候做饭）”可知，第五段主要讲了Martys是如何一直支持Ruth的。故选C。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中"InhisfinaldaysMartylefthiswifeanote:"Youaretheonly

personIhavelovedinmylifeandIhaveadmiredyousincethedaywefirstmetatCornell56years

ago."Hedied10dayslaterThenextdayRuthreturnedtoworkonthebench.（在他生命的最后时

刻，马蒂给妻子留了一张便条：“你是我一生中唯一爱的人，从56年前我们在康奈尔大学

相遇的那一天起，我就一直钦佩你。”10天后，他去世了。第二天，露丝又回到了法官席

上工作）”结合上文提到Marty一直支持Ruth的事业，所以即使是Marty死后，他也希望Ruth

继续她的生活。由此推知，划线句子暗示着Marty希望Ruth在他去世后，继续生活。故选

D»

【7题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ButwhiletheworldknowsaboutRuthBaderGinsburg-thesecond

womantobeappointedasU.S.SupremeCourtjustice-thestoryofthegrandloveaffairbetween

RuthandMartyhasn'tbeenpublicly⑹duntilnow.(虽然世人都知道露丝•巴德•金斯伯格----

第二位被任命为美国最高法院大法官的女性一一但露丝和马蒂之间的伟大爱情故事直到现

在才被公开)”结合文章主要讲述了第二位被任命为美国最高法院大法官的女性RuthBader

Ginsburg和她丈夫RuthBader的爱情故事。可知,C选项“RuthBaderGinsburg：她伟大的

爱情故事”最符合文章标题。故选C。

C

Facialrecognitionalgorithmsaregettingbetteratrecognizingfacesinmasks,accordingtodata

publishedonTuesdaybytheNationalInstituteforStandardsandTechnology(NIST).Using

independenttestingofmorethan150separatefacialrecognitionalgorithms,thenewreportsuggests

masksmaynotbeasbigaproblemforfacialrecognitionsystemsasinitiallythought.

WhenNISTfirstexaminedmasks*effectonfacialrecognitioninJuly,itfoundthatalgorithms

weren'tgreatatidentifyingfaceswithmasks.Butthepandemichasgivendevelopersplentyoftime

tofocusonthemaskproblem,andNIST'sdatashowsthatfacialrecognitionalgorithmsaregetting

betteratworkingwithmaskedfaces.t€Somedevelopershavesubmittedalgorithmsafterthe

pandemicshowingsignificantlyimprovedaccuracyandarenowamongthemostaccurateinour

test,"thereportreads.NIST*spublicrankingforfacialrecognitiontestsbearsoutthisclaim.Eight

differentalgorithmsnowholdfalseratesbelow0.05percent.

Theauthorsnoteanumberoflimitationstothestudy.NISTresearchersdidnotemployactual

imagesofmaskedfates.Instead,theyappliedmasksdigitallytoensureconsistencyacrossthe

sample.Asaresult,"wewerenotabletopursueathoroughsimulationoftheendlessvariationsin

color,design,shape,texture,bands,andwaysmaskscanbeworn,"thereportnotes.Thedigital

maskwasabluesurgicalmaskcoveringthefullwidthoftheface,buttestersnotedthatperformance

variedconsiderablydependingonhowhighthemaskwasplacedontheface.

8.Peopleusedtothinkrecognizingmaskedfaceswithfacialrecognitionsystemswas____

A.riskyB.challengingC.effectiveD.

rewarding

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"bearout'1inParagraph3mean?

A.Confirm.B.Dismiss.C.Investigate.D.

Contradict.

10.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Thestudyisoflittlevalueduetoitslimitations.

B.Thewaytowearmasksaffectsrecognitionaccuracy.

C.Thetypeofmaskmakesnodifferencetofacialrecognition.

D.Theresearchersadoptedrealsurgicalmaskstoensuretheaccuracy.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroducetheimprovementinfacialrecognition.

B.Topromotetheapplicationoffacialrecognition.

C.Toadvertisevariousfacialrecognitionalgorithms.

D.Toremovepeople'smisunderstandingaboutfacialrecognition.

【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.A

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。人们过去认为用面部识别系统来识别蒙面的面孔是很有挑战性的，但美国

国家标准与技术研究所周二发布的数据显示，人脸识别算法在识别戴着面具的人脸方面正变

得越来越好。文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程和一些局限性。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中uUsingindependenttestingofmorethan150separatefacial

recognitionalgorithms,thenewreportsuggestsmasksmaynolbeasbigaproblemforfacial

recognitionsystemsasinitiallythought4通过对150多种不同的面部识别算法进行独立测试，

这份新报告表明，对于面部识别系统来说，面具可能并不像最初认为的那样是个大问题)”

可知，人们过去认为用面部识别系统来识别蒙面的面孔是很有挑战性的。故选B。

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Eightdifferentalgorithmsnowholdfalseratesbelow0.05

percent4现在有8种不同的算法错误率低于0.05%)”可知，NIST对面部识别测试的公开排

名证实了面部识别准确性提高了这一说法。画线词意思为“证实”。A.Confirm.证实，确认;

B.Dismiss.解散；C.Investigate.调查；D.Contradict.反驳。故选A。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中"Thedigitalmaskwasabluesurgicalmaskcoveringthefullwidth

oftheface,buttestersnotedthatperformancevariedconsiderablydependingonhowhighthemask

wasplacedontheface.(数字口罩是一个蓝色的外科口罩，可以覆盖整个面部，但测试人员注

意到，根据面具在面部的高度不同，测试结果会有很大的不同)”可知，戴口罩的方式会影

响面部识别的准确性。故选B。

【11题详解】

推理判断题o根据第一段中“Facialrecognitionalgorithmsaregettingbetteratrecognizingfaces

inmasks,accordingtodatapublishedonTuesdaybytheNationalInstituteforStandardsand

Technology(NIST).(美国国家标准与技术研究所周二发布的数据显示，人脸识别算法在识别

戴着面具的人脸方面正变得越来越好)”结合文章说明了人们过去认为用面部识别系统来识

别蒙面的面孔是很有挑战性的，但美国国家标准与技术研究所周二发布的数据显示，人脸识

别算法在识别戴着面具的人脸方面正变得越来越好。文章介绍了这项研究开展的过程和一些

局限性。可推知，这篇文章的目的是介绍面部识别技术的改进。故选A。

D

Morethanhalfofthestate'spublicschoolstudentsareindistrictsofferingremotelearning,but

stateSuperintendent(iW)ofPublicInstitution,ChrisReykdalacknowledgedtostatelawmakers

thatdistancelearningisnotworkingforalotofkids.Heisalsoworriedaboutthementalhealth

impactsofdistancelearningonkids.

"They'refailingalot.Anditturnsout,inthebeginning,wethoughtitwasaboutdevicesand

connectivity.They'refailingbecausethey'renotengaged,Reykdalsaid.

ReykdaPsassessmentcomesatacriticaltime,withanincreasingnumberofcallsfromparents

pushingforschooldistrictstobringstudentsbackforface-to-facelearning.Theysaytheirchildren

arelosingmotivation,fallingbehindacademically.

Stateofficialshavebeenintheprocessofconsideringrevisingtheguidancetoencourage

in-personlearning,becauseresearchhassofarshownthatschoolsdonotappeartoencourage

communityspreadofcoronavirus.

Lawmakersalsoheardfromseveralschooldistrictsuperintendents.Oneofthem,ArtJarvisof

thePeninsulaSchoolDistrict,echoedwhatReykdalsaidaboutstudentsstrugglingwithremote

learning."We'reseeingmoreevidencethatsocial-emotionalissuesrangingfromdisengagement

withtheschoolstosuicidaltendenciesthatcomewithitneedtobeaddressed."Jarvissaid.

Heurgedlawmakerstopreserveeducationfundingeventhoughstatewidepublicschool

enrollment（入学）hasdropped37percentthisschoolyear,whichwouldmeanacutofabout$500

millioninstatefunding.ThePeninsuladistrictisprovidingin-personleaningforstudentsin

Kindergartenandfirstgrade,buthesaidit'sexpensivetostaffthat.

“Inspiteoflostenrollmentinkindergartenandfirstgrade,wehadtoadd11teachingpositions

forK-linthePeninsulaSchoolDistrictatacostofover$1million.Andtheaddedteachersare

necessarytokeepstudentgroupssmalltoallowforphysicaldistancing.^^Jarvissaid.

12.Whatmainlyleadstostudents5pooracademicperformanceindistancelearning?

A.Devicesandconnectivity.

B.Disengagementwithschools.

C.Poormentalhealth.

D.Insufficientlearningmaterials.

13.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Studentsarereluctanttogobacktoschool.

B.Lawmakersadvocateprovidingdistancelearning.

C.Parentsarelookingforwardtokids1returningtoschool.

D.Stateofficialsforbidin-personlearningforstudents*health.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inParagraph5referto?

A.Evidence.

B.Assessment.

C.In-personlearning.

D.Remotelearning.

15.WhatJarvissaidinthelastparagraphisintendedto.

A.encouragemorekidstoenrollinschool

B.callonparentstodonatemoneytoschools

C.attractmoreteacherstoin-personlearning

D.discouragelawmakersfromcuttingeducationfunding

【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.D

【解析】

本文是说明文。文章讲述了通过远程学习学生们由于脱离学校出现了很多问题。教育专家们

敦促国会议员保持教育资金。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“"They'refailingalot.Anditturnsout,inthebeginning,wethoughtit

wasaboutdevicesandconnectivity.They'refailingbecausethey'renotengaged,''Reykdalsaid.”

可知，“他们失败了很多次。结果，一开始，我们以为这是设备和连接的问题。他们之所以

失败，是因为他们没有参与其中，"Reykdal说。由此可知，学生们通过远程学习成绩差是

因为学生们脱离学校。故选B。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段"Reykdal'sassessmentcomesatacriticaltime,withanincreasing

numberofcallsfromparentspushingforschooldistrictstobringstudentsbackforface-to-face

learning.Theysaytheirchildrenarelosingmotivation,fallingbehindacademically.M可知，

Reykdal的评估是在一个关键时刻提出的，越来越多的家长呼吁各学区让学生回到学校进行

面对面的学习。他们说他们的孩子正在失去动力，在学业上落后。由此可知，家长们期待孩

子们早日返回校园。故选C。

【14题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第五段""We'reseeingmoreevidencethatsocial-emotionalissuesranging

fromdisengagementwiththeschoolstosuicidaltendenciesthatcomewithitneedtobeaddressed."

Jarvissaid.”可知，“我们看到越来越多的证据表明，社会情感问题，从与学校脱离到随之

而来的自杀倾向，都需要解决。”贾维斯说。由此推知，划线词il指代前面所说的“远程学

习”。故选D。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段"Heurgedlawmakerstopreserveeducationfundingeventhough

statewidepublicschoolenrollment（入学）hasdropped37percentthisschoolyear,whichwould

meanacutofabout$500millioninstatefunding.（他敦促议员们保留教育经费，尽管全州公立

学校的入学率本学年下降了37%,这意味着该州的拨款将减少约5亿美元）”和最后一段“In

spiteoflostenrollmentinkindergartenandfirstgrade,wehadtoadd11teachingpositionsforK-l

inthePeninsulaSchoolDistrictatacostofover$1million.Andtheaddedteachersarenecessaryto

keepstudentgroupssmalltoallowforphysicaldistancingJarvissaid.（尽管失去了幼儿园和-一年

级的入学人数，我们不得不在半岛学区增加11个K-1教师职位，花费超过100万美元。贾

维斯说，增加的教师是必要的，以保持学生群体的小些，以考虑到身体距离）”可知，贾维

斯这番话的目的是劝阻立法者削减教育经费。故选D。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有

两项为多余选项。

In1993,SwedishpsychologistK.AndersEricssonsetouttofindthesecrettoturningatypical

teenintoaviolinvirtuoso.Hisanswer16Thefigurewascalled"themagicnumberof

greatness1'byjournalistandauthorMalcolmGladwellinhis2008bookOutliers.

Theconceptof"practicemakesperfecf*hasbeenrootedintotheheadsofambitiousyouths

sincetheRomanEmpire.17Butcanitbethatsimple?Noteveryexpertagrees.While

trainingisessentialtolearning,spendingalotoftimepracticingsomethingoverandoverdoesn't

meanyou'llgoprofessional,saysZachHambrick,apsychologistatMichiganStateUniversity.

18Inreviewingdifferentstudiesabouttheroleofpracticeinmusic,games,sports,

education,andprofessionalandsuccess,Hambrickfoundthatpracticetimeaccountedforonly

aboutone-quarterofanydifferenceinskilllevel.Otherfactors-likeage,intelligence,andnatural

gifts-allplayedbigrolesinsettingapartthebetterfromthebest.

19Heightmightbeusefulforabasketballstar,andawidevocalrangecouldhelpyou

winaplaceinthechorus.Andnoamountofpracticewillmakeyoutallerorabletohitnotesacross

everyoctave.20

Ofcoursethisdoesn'tmeanweshouldallquitpracticing,Hambricksays.Nobodypopsoutof

thewombknowinghowtodanceorplotasneakycheckmate.Butperfectionin10,000hours?

There*snoguarantee.

A.Nevertoooldtopractise.

B.Practice:10,000hoursofit.

C.Genesinparticularshapephysicalandintellectualability.

D.Largeamountsofpianoplayingwillnotmakeyourfingersgrowlonger.

E.Topsportsmenandmusicianshaveallputinthisamountofhardwork.

F.SoanyonecanbeaYo-YoMaaslongastheydevoteenoughtimetopractising.

GBeinggreatisn'tjustaboutworkquantitybutalsoabouttheworkersthemselves.

【答案】16.B17.F18.G19.C20.D

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。虽然训练对学习来说是必不可少的，但花大量时间反复练习并不意味着你

就会变得更专业。文章主要说明了影响练习效果的一些因素。

【16题详解】

根据上文“In1993,SwedishpsychologistK.AndersEricssonsetouttofindthesecrettoturninga

typicalteenintoaviolinvirtuoso.（1993年，瑞典心理学家K.AndersEricsson开始着手寻找把

一个普通青少年变成小提琴演奏家秘密）“以及后文"Thefigurewascalled"themagic

numberofgreatness"byjournalistandauthorMalcolmGladwellinhis2008bookOutliers.（记者

兼作家MalcolmGladwell在其2008年出版的《异类》一书中称这个数字为“伟大的神奇数

字“）”可知，上文提到心理学家开始寻找通青少年变成小提琴演奏家的秘密，后文则提到

这个数字，可推知本句是在说明这个秘密与一个数字有关，B选项中10,000hours对应后文

中Thefigure。故B选项“练习1万个小时”符合语境，故选B。

【17题详解】

根据上文"Theconceptof''practicemakesperfect"hasbeenrootedintotheheadsofambitious

youthssincetheRomanEmpire.（自罗马帝国以来，"熟能生巧”的理念就在雄心勃勃的年轻

人的头脑中根深蒂固）“以及后文"Butcanitbethatsimple?Noteveryexpertagrees.While

trainingisessentialtolearning,spendingalotoftimepracticingsomethingoverandoverdoesn't

meanyou'llgoprofessional,saysZachHambrick,apsychologistalMichiganStateUniversity.（但

事情真的这么简单吗？并非所有专家都同意这一观点。密歇根州立大学的心理学家Zach

Hambrick说，虽然训练对学习来说是必不可少的，但花大量时间反复练习并不意味着你就

会变得更专业）”可知，上文提到了“熟能生巧”强调练习的重要性，后文则提到花大量时

间反复练习并不意味着你就会变得更专业，可推知本句与上文构成因果关系，说明投入足够

的时间练习的重要性,后文中spendingalotoftimepracticing可与F选项中devoteenoughtime

topractising对应。故F选项“所以只要投入足够的时间练习，任何人都可以成为马友友”

符合语境，故选F。

18题详解】

根据后文“Inreviewingdifferentstudiesabouttheroleofpracticeinmusic,games,sports,

education,andprofessionalandsuccess,Hambrickfoundthatpracticetimeaccountedforonly

aboutone-quarterofanydifferenceinskilllevel.Otherfactors-likeage,intelligence,andnatural

gifts-allplayedbigrolesinsettingapartthebetterfromthebest.（在回顾了关于练习在音乐、游戏、

体育、教育、职业和成功中的作用的不同研究后，汉布里克发现练习时间只占技能水平差异

的四分之一。其他因素，如年龄、智力和天赋，都在区分优劣中起着重要作用）”可知，后

文提到个人的年龄、智力和天赋，都在区分优劣中起着重要作用，说明优秀不仅与练习量有

关，还与个人本身素质有关系。故G选项“优秀不仅仅与工作量有关，还与员工本身有关”

符合语境，故选G。

【19题详解】

根据后文“Heightmightbeusefulforabasketballstar,andawidevocalrangecouldhelpyouwin

aplaceinthechorus.Andnoamountofpracticewillmakeyoutallerorabletohitnotesacross

everyoctave.（身高对篮球明星来说可能很有用，宽广的音域可以帮助你在合唱团中赢得一席

之地。再多的练习也不会让你长高，也不会让你唱出每个八度音阶上的音符）”可知，后文

提到了能力的提高要受到自身素质的限制，即特定的基因塑造了在某方面的身体素质和智力

能力。故C选项“特定的基因塑造身体素质和智力能力”符合语境，故选C。

【20题详解】

根据上文"Heightmightbeusefulforabasketballstar,andawidevocalrangecouldhelpyouwin

aplaceinthechorus.Andnoamountofpracticewillmakeyoutallerorabletohitnotesacross

everyoctave.（身高对篮球明星来说可能很有用，宽广音域可以帮助你在合唱团中赢得一席

之地。再多的练习也不会让你长高，也不会让你唱出每个八度音阶上的音符）”可知，上文

列举了能力的提高要受到身体条件的客观影响，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续举例

说明练习受到客观事实影响，故D选项“大量的钢琴演奏不会使你的手指变长”符合语境，

故选D。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的

最佳选项。

Iwasraisedinahousewheremymotherdidnottrustmysistersandmetomanageourown

appearance.Asaresult,therewere21,andtrendswerelargelyignored.

Afewyearsago,Iwashomeforavisitwhenmymom,nowinherearly70s,calledmeintoher

bedroom."Idon'tknowwhattowear”,she22fromhercouch."Yougirlsalwayslookso

good.”

Ilookedather,wonderingifI'd23"Whatdoyoumean?^^Iaskedher."Youknowwhat

towear.

“No.”sheansweredinthecouch.t4Idon't.Canyoupicksomething?”

Iwasso24.

Thiswasthesamewomanwhohadtoldmyyoungersistershewasn'tallowedtowearapairof

ripped（有破洞的）jeans;thesamewomanwho,inhighschool,calledmewhileIwasoutataparty

toaskifmyhairwasup."Don'tdothat,becauseyou