高中英语语法分专题全面复习第十一讲定语从句讲解与练习

定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词的句子。被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。

关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which，as等。关系副词有：when,where,why等。定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，去掉之后意思不明确。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，与主句往往用逗号隔开，相当于并列句或状语从句等。例如：

Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.（限制性）

Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.（非限制性）

限制性定语从句1.关系代词引导的限制性定语从句

关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1）who,whom,that先行词是人，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：

Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?（who/that在从句中作主语，不能省略）

Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.（whom/that在从句中作宾语，可以省略）

2）whose先行词是人或物，（只用作定语,若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。例如：

Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.

Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.

3）which,that先行词是物，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：

Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.（作被动语态的主语）

Thepackage（which/that）youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.（在句中作宾语）4)as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such+名词+as..,像······一样的，像······之类的such(pron.)+as一像······一样的，像······之类的the

same+名词+as...和······同样的We

have

found

suchmaterials

as

are

used

in

their

factory.(as作主语)This

book

is

not

such

as

I

expect.这不是我期望的书。(as作宾语)I

have

the

same

book

as

he

has.我和他有同样的书。(as作宾语)关系副词引导的定语从句

关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。

1）关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。例如：

Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。

Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。

Isthisthereasonwhy（forwhich）herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

2）此外，当先行词为situation

case,stage

point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。They

have

reached

the

point

where

they

have

to

separate

with

each

other.关系副词when,where可用于非限制性定语从句中，而关系副词why不可以。注：判断关系代词与关系副词

用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。

I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。

（错）ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.

（错）IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.

（对）Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.

（对）I'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。非限制性定语从句

1.关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略。Iwanttobuyadictionary,whichisvaluabletomylearning.(which不能省略)2.who(主语，宾语)，whom(宾语)，which(主语，宾语)不能用that代替。ThisisNewYork,whichIhavevisitedforseveraltimes.(which不能用that取代)which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是个句子。Hewaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherveryunhappy.(先行词为一句话)关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为句子，as在从句中作主语、宾语,通常放句首。Asweknow,Chinawasdevelopingcountry.我们知道，中国是个发展中国家。Asisknowntousall,ChinaisintheeastofAsia.众所周知，中国在亚洲的东部。

5.在非限制性定语从句中，介词+which/whom从句结构中的介词不能移到从句的后面说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。关系代词用法的特殊情况：

1）只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

a）主句是therebe句型，关系词在从句中做主语，只用that，不用which。

b）先行词是不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等时，只用that，不用which.

c）先行词有theonly,thevery，theright，thelast，just，some，any,no,all,few,little,much等修饰时，只用that。

d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级或前面有这些词修饰时，只用that。.

e）先行词既有人，又有物时。2）关系代词只能用which不用that的情况

a）引导非限定性定语从句时。例：（错）Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

b）介词后不能用。例如：Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.我们依赖土地获得食物。

Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.

c)先行词后面有插入语时，只用which不用that。Here

is

the

English

grammar

book,

which,

As

I've

told

you,will

help

you

improve

your

English.d)先行词本身就是that时。只用

which不用that.What's

that

which

flashed

through

the

sky

just

now?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么?1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich2.Doyouknowtheman_______?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich7.Greatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactory_______weareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich11.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontof______satasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.whichD.that12.Theengineer______myfatherworksisabout50yearsold.A.towhomB.onwhomC.withwhichD.withwhom13.Isthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid. A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which15.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as16.Heisn'tsuchaman______heusedtobe.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.as17.HeisgoodatEnglish,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whomD.what18.LiMing,______totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.A.IwentwithB.withwhomIwentC.withwhoIwentD.Iwentwithhim19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels20.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what21.Theletterisfrommysister,______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who22.Inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsof____arewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomD.who23.You'retheonlyperson______I'veevermet______coulddoit.A.who;/B./;whomC.whom;/D./;who24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat25.LastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,______Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichD.what26.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch_______wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it27.Icanneverforgettheday_______weworkedtogetherandtheday______wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when28.Theway______helooksatproblemsiswrong.A.whichB.whoseC.whatD./29.Thisisthereason______hedidn'tcometothemeeting.A.inwhichB.withwhichC.thatD.forwhich30.Thismachine,______formanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.A.afterwhichIhavelookedB.whichIhavelookedafterC.thatIhavelookedafterD.Ihavelookedafter31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;thatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who33.Thatisnottheway______Idoit.A./B.whichC.forwhichD.withwhich34.Ihavetwogrammars,______areofgreatuse.A.allofwhichB.eitherofwhichC.bot