2022年重庆大学英语考试真题卷11测

2022年重庆大学英语考试真题卷

（本卷共分为1大题50小题.作答时间为180分钟，总分100分，60分及格。）

单位：姓名：考号：

题号单选题多项选择判断题综合题总分

分值

得分

一、单项选择题(共50题，每题2分。每题的备选项中，只有一个最符合题意)

1.{{B}}PassageTwo{{/B}}

Aftertheyear1958,amoremodernSupremeCourtagreedwithJustice

Helen.Inahistoricdecisionin1954itheldthatlawsthatforcingblack

studentstogotoraciallysegregatedschooIsviolatedtheUS

ConstitutionbecausesuchschooIscouldneverbeequal.Theopinionof

theCourtwasthat"toseparate(bIackschooIchiIdren)from

other-solelybecauseoftheirracegeneratesafeelingofinferiority-

thatmayaffecttheirheartsandmindsinawayuniikelyevertobeundone".

TheSupremeCourt1sdecisionin1954ledtochangeswhichbrought

anendtothesystemofsegregatedpubIiceducationinthesouthernstates.

However,problemsinracerelationscontinuedtotroublethepubIic

schools,eventhoughschoolswerelegallydesegregatedthroughoutthe

country.

BlackAmericanswerestillmainlyinthelowestincomeand

occupationaIgroupsandfrequentlyIivedinsIumsinthenation1slargest

cities.ThepubIicschoolsintheseareaswerecomposedpredominantly

orentirelyofblackstudentsandoftensharedtheneighborhoodproblems

ofhighcrimeratesandotherformsofsociaIdisorder.TheschooIsin

thebIacksIumswereclearlyunequaltothoseinthepredominantIywhite,

middleclassneighborhoods.

TheprobIemofschooIswhereraciaIseparationresuItsfromthemakeup

ofneighborhoodsratherthanfromlawsrequiringsegregationexistsin

alIpartsoftheUnitedStates,notjustintheSouth.Numerousefforts

tosolvethisprobIemhavenotsucceededverywell.ThemostcontroversiaI

methodusedtodealwithunequalneighborhoodschoolswasthebusingof

schooIchiIdrenfromtheirhomeneighborhoodstoschooIsinmoredistant

neighborhoodsinordertoachieveagreatermixtureofblackandwhite

chiIdreninalIschools.

BlackchiIdrenfrompoororsIumneighborhoodswerebusedtoschooI

inpredominantlywhitemiddleclassneighborhoods,andstudentsIiving

inthemiddle-classneighborhoodswerebusedintothepoorerblack

neighborhoodschools.Anewquestiondealingwithracialequalityin

educationwasbroughttotheSupremeCourtinthelate1970s.Thequestion

dealtwiththeadmissionpoliciesofprofessionalschoolssuchasmedicaI

andlawschools,whichareattachedtomanyofthenation*scolleges

anduniversities.SomeoftheseschooIshaveattemptedtodomorethan

treatalIapplicantsequally.Manyhavetriedinrecentyearstomake

upforpastdiscriminationagainstbIacksandotherminoritiesbysetting

asideacertainnumberofpIacesspecificaIIyforappIicantsfromthese

groups,thispracticecametobedescribedassettingminorityquotas,

loweringsomewhattheacademicstandardsforadmissionforaIimited

numberofminorityapplicants.

FromParagraph1,wecaninferthatJusticeHelenadvocated.

A.blackstudentstogotoraciallysegregatedschools

B.thatitwasunlawfultoforceNegrochildrentoattendracially

segregatedschools

C.thatblackstudentsshculdn,tattendschoolswithwhiteclassmates

D.thattheschoolsblackchildrenattendedwereoflittledifference

2.

{{B}}PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}

A.HecanstaywithhisrelativesintheUS.

B.Hecanplayhide-and-seekwithAmericanboys.

C.Hemusthaveatemporaryhomeandgotoschool.

D.HeshouldbesentbacktoCuba.

3.

{{B}}PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.{{/B}}

A.ItisdifficultforpeoplelivinginaStoneAgeculturetomoveinto

amodernworld.

B.Inventionisanewideatomodernpeople.

C.Theabilitytobringtrainedpeopletogethertosolveproblemshows

manisbright.

D.Whatweneedisdemandsfromotherstoworkforabetterfuture.

4.

{{B}}H0WSATsWork{{/B}}

TestsareafactofIifethroughoutourschooIcareers,butoneof

themostimportant,and,tosomethescariest,ofthemalIistheSAT

-thatthree-hourexamthat*ssupposedtomeasureahighschooIstudent,

schanceofacademicsuccessinthefirstyearofcollege.Somecolleges

considerSATscoresmajorfactorsintheiradmissionprocess,while

othersviewhighschooIacademicperformance,alongwithrecommendations

andextracurricularactivities,equally,orevenmoreimportantly.No

matterwhereyou*reheaded,ifyou,reahighschooIstudent,theSAT

isimportanttoyoubecausemostcollegesrequirestudentstoreport

eitherSATorACTAssessment(anothertest)scores.

{{B}}WhatIstheSAT{{/B}}

Firstofall,SATnolongerstandsforScholasticAptitudeTest(学

术性倾向测验)，theoriginalnameofthetestwhenitwasintroducedin

1941.AIthoughyoumaystillseethatnameoccasiona11y,theCo11egeBoard,

thenot-for-profiteducationaIassociationthatsponsorstheSATs,

decidedtolettheacronymstandonitsownasawayofaddressing

controversyaboutthemeaningoftheword"aptitude”.TheCoIIegeBoard

alsorejectedthealternative"ScholasticAssessmentTest".(English

teachersprobablypointedoutthatthisnamewasredundant,since

assessmentmeanstest.)

TheSATImeasuresverbalandmathreasoningabiIitiesthatyou9

vedeveIopedthroughoutyourschoolyears.Themu11ipIe-choicetest,

deveIopedbythenot-for-profitEducationaITestingService,isintended

toletstudentsdemonstratetheirverbalandmathabilitieswithout

regardtothekindofschoolingthey*vehad.AccordingtotheCollege

Board,thetestlooksforastudent*sabiIitytounderstandandanalyze

writtenmaterial,todrawinferences,todifferentiateshadesofmeaning,

todrawconclusionsandsolvemathproblemsalIskiIIsthatarenecessary

forsuccessincollegeandtheworkworld.

TheAmericanCollegeTesting(ACT).Assessment,whichwasintroduced

in1959,isanalternativetotheSATthatvirtuallyalIcoIIegesand

universitiesnowaccept.Developersofthetesttoutitforits

curriculum-basedquestions,sayingthattheirtestismoredirectly

relatedtowhatisactuaIlytaughtinhighschooI.

{{BJlWhat1stheSAT11{{/B}}

ThenewerSAT11:SubjectTests,formerlytheCo11egeBoard

AchievementTests,areintendedtomeasureastudent,sknowledgeofa

particularsubject,suchasEnglish(writingorIiterature),historyand

sociaIsciences,mathematics(variouslevels),sciences,andIanguages

(Chinese,French,German,modernHebrew,Itaiian,Japanese,Latin,

Spanish,English).SomecollegesrequireoneormoreSATIItests,but

eveniftheyaren*trequired,SATIItestsscorescanhelpyoupresent

amorepersonalizedportfoliothatiIlustrateshowweIIyouwouldfit

ataparticularschooI.MostcollegesuseSAT11scoresnotforadmission

purposesbutforprogrampIacementandcounseling.SAT11testsaregiven

onasIightIydifferentschedulefromtheSATI.Generally,SATIItests

areonehourlongandconsistofmultiplechoicequestions.Thereare

exceptions.Forexample,theWritingTesthas40minutesof

mu11ipIe-choicequestionsanda20-minutewritingsample.

TodecidewhichsubjecttestshouIdbetaken,first,makealistof

alIthecollegesyou*reconsidering.ThenreviewtheircataIogsor

websitestofindoutiftheyrequireSubjectTestscoresforadmission

and,ifso,whichones.UseyourIistofcollegesandtheiradmission

requirementstohelpplanyourhighschooIcourseschedule.Forexample,

acoIIegetowhichyouplantoapplymayrequireaIanguageSubjectTest

scoreormightexemptyoufromafirst-yearcourserequirementifyou

dowellonaIanguageSubjectTest.

Inaddition,theCo11egeBoardwebsitecanbesearchedforinformation

aboutSubjectTestrequirementsatspecificcolleges.

{{B}}WhenIstheSATTaken{{/B}}

Generally,thelatestyoucantakeyourSATsandbeeligiblefor

admissioninthenextacademicyearisinthefaIIofyoursenioryear

ofhighschooI.You'11wanttocheckappIicationdeadIinesatschools

inwhichyou'reinterestedtobesureyourscoreswi11makeitinon

time.(YoucanalsotakeadvantageoftheCo11egeBoard9snew

phone-for-resuItsservice.You*IIbechargedafeebutyou*IIgetyour

scoresabout10daysearIier.)Increasingly,studentsaretakingtheSAT

inthesummerbeforetheirsenioryears,inthe11thgradeandevenas

earlyasthe10thgrade.

It'sveryimportanttoregisterearlyfortheSATtoavoidthedeadIine

rush,sincetestingsitescanfiIIupquicklyandforceyoutogotoone

fartheraway.(DeadIinesareusuaIlyaboutamonthorsixweeksbefore

theactuaItest).Youcanregisteronlinenowbutonceyou've

A.Becausetherewillbefewertestingsitesnearthedeadline.

B.Becausetheywillnothaveenoughtimetoprepareiftheyregistertoo

late.

C.Becausetherewillusuallybetoomanypeopletakingthetestnearthe

deadline.

D.Becausetheycanonlyregisteronlineiftheydoittoolate.

5.

{{B}}Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejust

heard.{{/B}}

A.JoeboughtFred'scar.

B.Themanisjoking.

C.Fred'scarisnotgood.

D.ThemanwantsJack,scar.

6.{{B}}PassageTwo{{/B}}

Aftertheyear1958,amoremodernSupremeCourtagreedwithJustice

Helen.Inahistoricdecisionin1954itheldthatIawsthatforcingblack

studentstogotoraciallysegregatedschooIsviolatedtheUS

ConstitutionbecausesuchschooIscouldneverbeequal.Theopinionof

theCourtwasthat"toseparate(blackschooIchiIdren)from

other-solelybecauseoftheirracegeneratesafeeIingofinferiority-

thatmayaffecttheirheartsandmindsinawayuniikelyevertobeundone".

TheSupremeCourt,sdecisionin1954ledtochangeswhichbrought

anendtothesystemofsegregatedpubIiceducationinthesouthernstates.

However,problemsinracerelationscontinuedtotroublethepubIic

schools,eventhoughschoolswereIega11ydesegregatedthroughoutthe

country.

BlackAmericanswerestillmainlyintheIowestincomeand

occupationalgroupsandfrequentlyIivedinsIumsinthenation*slargest

cities.ThepubIicschooIsintheseareaswerecomposedpredominantly

orentirelyofblackstudentsandoftensharedtheneighborhoodproblems

ofhighcrimeratesandotherformsofsociaIdisorder.TheschooIsin

thebIacksIumswereclearlyunequaItothoseinthepredominantIywhite,

middleclassneighborhoods.

TheprobIemofschooIswhereraciaIseparationresuItsfromthemakeup

ofneighborhoodsratherthanfromlawsrequiringsegregationexistsin

alIpartsoftheUnitedStates,notjustintheSouth.Numerousefforts

tosolvethisprobIemhavenotsucceededverywell.ThemostcontroversiaI

methodusedtodealwithunequalneighborhoodschooIswasthebusingof

schooIchiIdrenfromtheirhomeneighborhoodstoschooIsinmoredistant

neighborhoodsinordertoachieveagreatermixtureofblackandwhite

chiIdreninalIschools.

BlackchiIdrenfrompoororslumneighborhoodswerebusedtoschooI

inpredominantlywhitemiddleclassneighborhoods,andstudentsIiving

inthemiddle-classneighborhoodswerebusedintothepoorerblack

neighborhoodschools.Anewquestiondealingwithracialequalityin

educationwasbroughttotheSupremeCourtinthelate1970s.Thequestion

dealtwiththeadmissionpoliciesofprofessionalschoolssuchasmedicaI

andlawschools,whichareattachedtomanyofthenation*scolleges

anduniversities.SomeoftheseschooIshaveattemptedtodomorethan

treatalIapplicantsequally.Manyhavetriedinrecentyearstomake

upforpastdiscriminationagainstbIacksandotherminoritiesbysetting

asideacertainnumberofpIacesspecificaIIyforappIicantsfromthese

groups,thispracticecametobedescribedassettingminorityquotas,

loweringsomewhattheacademicstandardsforadmissionforaIimited

numberofminorityapplicants.

In1954,theraciallysegregatedschooIwasgraduallyoutofexistence

in.

A.Southernstates

B.America

C.NewYork

D.NorthernStates

7.

{{B}}PassageOne{{/B}}

Thereisaphenomenainthepresent.Theaveragenumberofauthors

onscientificpapersisskyrocketing.Whatisthemainreasonforit

That,spartlybecauselabsarcbigger,probIemsaremorecompIicated,

andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'salsobecauseUS

governmentagenciesIiketheNationaIInstitutesofHealth(NIH)have

startedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-WorId

War11era,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfaciIities,andthese

servedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystalIizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-

presentsforjournaIsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthors

work.Forthejournals,longIistsofauthorsarehardtodealwithin

themseIves.ButthoselongIistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestions

whensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,

shouIdtheliabilitybejointandseveral,accruingtoalIauthorsIf

not,thenhowshoulditbeallocatedamongthemIfthereisanhonest

mistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluator

aimhisorherreview

Variouspracticalorimpracticalsuggestionshaveemergedduringthe

Iong-standingdebateonthisissue.OneisthateachauthorshouIdprovide,

andthejournalshouldthenpublish,anaccountofthatauthor*s

particularcontributiontothework.ButadifferentviewoftheprobIem,

andperhapsofthesoIution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeon

appointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreally

meetstheroad.HalfaIifetimeofinvoIvementwiththisprocesshas

taughtmehowmuchauthorshipmattars.Ihavewatchedcommittees

attemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuchcited

paperwasreallythecandidate'sworkoracoauthor*s,andsendback

recommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionof

responsibiIity.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecasefor

askingauthorstodefinetheirownroIes.AfteraILifquaIityjudgments

aboutindividuaIsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonal

contributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestions

ariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschailenges

toitsconductorasevaIuationsofitsinfIuenceinthefield,ateam

isateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

Accordingtothepassage,authorshipisimportantwhen.

A.practicalorimpracticalsuggestionsoftheauthorsareconsidered

B.appointmentsandpromotionsoftheauthorsareinvolved

C.evaluatorsneedtoreviewthepublicationoftheauthors

D.thepublicationoftheauthorshasbecomemuch-cited

8.

{{B}}H0WSATsWork{(/Bj)

TestsareafactofIifethroughoutourschooIcareers,butoneof

themostimportant,and,tosomethescariest,ofthemalIistheSAT

-thatthree-hourexamthat*ssupposedtomeasureahighschooIstudent,

schanceofacademicsuccessinthefirstyearofco11ege.Someco11eges

considerSATscoresmajorfactorsintheiradmissionprocess,while

othersviewhighschooIacademicperformance,alongwithrecommendations

andextracurricularactivities,equally,orevenmoreimportantly.No

matterwhereyou*reheaded,ifyou*reahighschooIstudent,theSAT

isimportanttoyoubecausemostcollegesrequirestudentstoreport

eitherSATorACTAssessment(anothertest)scores.

{{B}}WhatIstheSAT{{/B}}

Firstofall,SATnolongerstandsforScholasticAptitudeTest(学

术性倾向测验)，theoriginalnameofthetestwhenitwasintroducedin

1941.AIthoughyoumaystillseethatnameoccasionaIIy,theCoIlegeBoard,

thenot-for-profiteducationaIassociationthatsponsorstheSATs,

decidedtolettheacronymstandonitsownasawayofaddressing

controversyaboutthemeaningoftheword,'aptitude".TheCollegeBoard

alsorejectedthealternative'*ScholasticAssessmentTest".(English

teachersprobablypointedoutthatthisnamewasredundant,since

assessmentmeanstest.)

TheSATImeasuresverbalandmathreasoningabiIitiesthatyou,

vedeveIopedthroughoutyourschooIyears.Themu11ipIe-choicetest,

deveIopedbythenot-for-profitEducationaITestingService,isiintended

toletstudentsdemonstratetheirverbalandmathabiIitieswithout

regardtothekindofschoolingthey'vehad.AccordingtotheCollege

Board,thetestlooksforastudent,sabiIitytounderstandandanaIyze

writtenmaterial,todrawinferences,todifferentiateshadesofmeaning,

todrawconclusionsandsolvemathproblemsaIIskillsthatarenecessary

forsuccessincollegeandtheworkworld.

TheAmericanCollegeTesting(ACT).Assessment,whichwasintroduced

in1959,isanalternativetotheSATthatvirtuallyalIco11egesand

universitiesnowaccept.Developersofthetesttoutitforits

curriculum-basedquestions,sayingthattheirtestismoredirectly

reIatedtowhatisactuaIlytaughtinhighschooI.

{{BJlWhat1stheSAT11{{/B}}

ThenewerSAT11:SubjectTests,formerlytheCollegeBoard

AchievementTests,areintendedtomeasureastudent'sknowledgeofa

particularsubject,suchasEnglish(writingorIiterature),historyand

sociaIsciences,mathematics(variouslevels),sciences,andIanguages

(Chinese,French,German,modernHebrew,Itaiian,Japanese,Latin,

Spanish,English).SomecollegesrequireoneormoreSAT11tests,but

eveniftheyaren,trequired,SATIItestsscorescanhelpyoupresent

amorepersonalizedportfoliothatiIlustrateshowweIIyouwouldfit

ataparticularschooI.MostcollegesuseSATIIscoresnotforadmission

purposesbutforprogrampIacementandcounseling.SAT11testsaregiven

onasiightIydifferentschedulefromtheSATI.Generally,SAT11tests

areonehourlongandconsistofmultiplechoicequestions.Thereare

exceptions.Forexample,theWritingTesthas40minutesof

mu11ipIe-choicequestionsanda20-minutewritingsample.

Todecidewhichsubjecttestshouldbetaken,first,makealistof

alIthecollegesyou'reconsidering.Thenreviewtheircatalogsor

websitestofindoutiftheyrequireSubjectTestscoresforadmission

and,ifso,whichones.UseyourIistofcollegesandtheiradmission

requirementstohelpplanyourhighschoolcourseschedule.ForexampIe,

acollegetowhichyoupIantoappIymayrequireaIanguageSubjectTest

scoreormightexemptyoufromafirst-yearcourserequirementifyou

dowellonaIanguageSubjectTest.

Inaddition,theCo11egeBoardwebsitecanbesearchedforinformation

aboutSubjectTestrequirementsatspecificcolleges.

{{B}}WhenIstheSATTaken{{/B}}

GeneraIly,thelatestyoucantakeyourSATsandbeeligiblefor

admissioninthenextacademicyearisinthefa11ofyoursenioryear

ofhighschooI.You'11wanttocheckappIicationdeadIinesatschooIs

inwhichyou*reinterestedtobesureyourscoreswi11makeitinon

time.(YoucanalsotakeadvantageoftheCoIIegeBoard1snew

phone-for-resuItsservice.You*IIbechargedafeebutyou'11getyour

scoresabout10daysearIier.)Increasingly.studentsaretakingtheSAT

inthesummerbeforetheirsenioryears,inthe11thgradeandevenas

earlyasthe10thgrade.

It*sveryimportanttoregisterearlyfortheSATtoavoidthedeadIine

rush,sincetestingsitescanfiIIupquicklyandforceyoutogotoone

fartheraway.(DeadIinesareusuallyaboutamonthorsixweeksbefore

theactuaItest).Youcanregisteronlinenowbutonceyou've

A.Afterseveralyearsofstudy.

B.Immediatelywhenyoufinishthecourse,

C.Whenyouhavealargeinformationsource.

D.Rightafteraholidaywhenyourmindisrefreshed.

9.

{{B}}PassageOne{{/B}}

Thereisaphenomenainthepresent.Theaveragenumberofauthors

onscientificpapersisskyrocketing.Whatisthemainreasonforit

That*spartlybecauselabsarcbigger,problemsaremorecompIicated,

andmoredifferentsubspecialtiesareneeded.Butit'sals。becauseUS

governmentagenciesIiketheNationaIInstitutesofHealth(NIH)have

startedtopromote"teamscience".Asphysicsdevelopedinthepost-WorId

War11era,federalfundsbuiltexpensivenationalfaciIities,andthese

servedassurfacesonwhichcollaborationscouldcrystaIIizenaturally.

Yetmultipleauthorship-howevergooditmaybeinotherways-

presentsforjournaIsandfortheinstitutionsinwhichtheseauthors

work.Forthejournals,longIistsofauthorsarehardtodeaIwithin

themselves.ButthoselongIistsgiverisetomoreseriousquestions

whensomethinggoeswrongwiththepaper.Ifthereisresearchmisconduct,

shouIdtheliabilitybejointandseveral,accruingtoalIauthorsIf

not,thenhowshoulditbeallocatedamongthemIfthereisanhonest

mistakeinonepartoftheworkbutnotinothers,howshouldanevaluator

aimhisorherreview

VariouspracticalorimpracticaIsuggestionshaveemergedduringthe

Iong-standingdebateonthisissue.OneisthateachauthorshouIdprovide,

andthejournalshouldthenpubIish,anaccountofthatauthor's

particularcontributiontothework.Butadifferentviewoftheproblemr

andperhapsofthesolution,comesaswegettouniversitycommitteeon

appointmentsandpromotions,whichiswheretheauthorshiprubberreaIly

meetstheroad.HalfaIifetimeofinvoIvementwiththisprocesshas

taughtmehowmuchauthorshipmattars.Ihavewatchedcommittees

attemptingtodecodesequencesofnames,agonizeoverwhetheramuchcited

paperwasreallythecandidate*sworkoracoauthor*s,andsendback

recommendationsaskingformorespecificityaboutthedivisionof

responsibiIity.

Problemsofthiskindchangetheargument,supportingthecasefor

askingauthorstodefinetheirownroIes.Afterall,ifquaIityjudgments

aboutindividuaIsaretobemadeonthebasisoftheirpersonal

contributions,thenthejudgesbetterknowwhattheydid.Butifquestions

ariseaboutthevalidityoftheworkasawhole,whetheraschailenges

toitsconductorasevaIuationsofitsinfIuenceinthefield,ateam

isateam,andthemembersshouldsharethecreditortheblame.

Whethermultipleauthorsofapapershouldbetakencollectivelyor

individuallydependson

A.whetherjudgmentsaremadeaboutthepaperoritsauthors

B.whetheritisthecreditortheblamethattheauthorsneedtoshare

C.howmanyauthorsareinvolvedinthepaper

D.wherethepaperhasbeenpublished

10.{{B}}PassageTwo{{/B}}

Aftertheyear1958,amoremodernSupremeCourtagreedwithJustice

Helen.Inahistoricdecisionin1954itheldthatlawsthatforcingblack

studentstogotoraciallysegregatedschooIsviolatedtheUS

ConstitutionbecausesuchschooIscouldneverbeequal.Theopinionof

theCourtwasthatntoseparate(bIackschooIchiIdren)from

other-solelybecauseoftheirracegeneratesafeeIingofinferiority-

thatmayaffecttheirheartsandmindsinawayuniikelyevertobeundone".

TheSupremeCourt,sdecision