2023年考研英语真题张剑

PartICloseTest

Directions：

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and

[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEETIbyblackeningthecorrespondingletter

inthebracketswithapencil.(10points)

@Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.

②Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.③Hecancontinuetosupport

himselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.④Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways:asseedforsowing,

asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto

4_oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.@Hemayalsoneedmoneyto

constructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.⑥Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe

7_.®Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.©Naturallyhewilltry

toborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.1139words]

i.LA]otherthan⑻aswellas[C]insteadof[D]morethan

2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore[D]eversince

3.[A]for[B]against[c]of[D]towards

4.EA]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose

5.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[D]raise

6.[A]vessels[B]routes[C]paths[D]channels

7.[A]self-confident⑻self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained

8.[A]search[B]save[C]offer[D]seek

9.[A]proportion⑻percentage[C]rate[D]ratio

10.[A]genuinely[B]obviously[C]presumablyED]frequently

PartIIReadingComprehension

Passage1

©Ahistoryoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifproperlyhandled,itmaybecome

adrivingforce.(2)WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjustsuchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorld

War,ithadamarketeighttimeslargerthananycompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomiesofscale.

③Itsscientistsweretheworldsbest;itsworkersthemostskilled.④’"AmericaandAmericanswere

prosperousbeyondthedrcamsoftheEuropeansandAsianswhoseeconomicsthewarhaddestroyed.

①Ilwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.②Justas

inevitably,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.(3)Bythemid_1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselves

atalossovertheirfadingindustrialcompetitiveness.④SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumer

electronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.@By1987therewasonlyoneAmerican

televisionmakerleft,Zenith.⑥(Nowthereisnone:ZenithwasboughtbySouthKorea*sLGElectronicsinJuly.)

⑦1Foreign-madecarsandtextilesweresweepingintothedomesticmarket.America，smachine-tool

industrywasontheropes.⑧Forawhileitlookedasthoughthemakingofsemiconductors,whichAmericahad

inventedandwhichsatattheheartofthenewcomputerage,wasgoingtobethenextcasualty.

①Allofthiscausedacrisisofconfidence.©Americansstoppedtakingprosperityforgranted.③They

begantobelievethattheirwayofdoingbusinesswasfailing,andthattheirincomeswouldthereforeshortlybegin

tofallaswell.@Themid-1980sbroughtoneinquiryafteranotherintothecausesofAmerica'sindustrial

decline.⑤Theirsometimessensationalfindingswerefilledwithwarningsaboutthegrowingcompetitionfrom

overseas.

©Howthingshavechanged!②In1995theUnitedStatescanlookbackonfiveyearsofsolidgrowthwhile

Japanhasbeenstruggling.③FewAmericansattribute〔hissolelylosuchobviouscausesasadevalueddollaror

theturningofthebusinesscycle.④Self-doubthasyieldedtoblindpride.⑤wAmericanindustryhaschangedits

structure,hasgoneonadiet,haslearnttobemorequick-witted,vaccordingtoRichardCavanaugh,executive

deanofHarvard*sKennedySchoolofGovernment.⑥“ItmakesmeproudtobeanAmericanjusttoseehow

ourbusinessesareimprovingtheirproductivity,vsaysStephenMooreoftheCatoInstitute,athink-tankin

Washington,DC.⑦AndWilliamSahlmanoftheHarvardBusinessSchoolbelievesthatpeoplewilllookbackon

thisperiodas“agoldenageofbusinessmanagementintheUnitedStates.v[429words]

11.TheU.S.achieveditspredominanceafterWorldWarIIbecause.

[A]ithadmadepainstakingeffortstowardsthisgoal

[B]itsdomesticmarketwaseighttimeslargerthanbefore

[C]thewarhaddestroyedtheeconomiesofmostpotentialcompetitors

[D]theunparalleledsizeofitsworkforcehadgivenanimpetustoitseconomy

12.ThelossofU.S.predominanceintheworldeconomyinthe1980sismanifestedinthefactthatthe

American.

[A]TVindustryhadwithdrawntoitsdomesticmarket

[B]semiconductorindustryhadbeentakenoverbyforeignenterprises

[C]machine-toolindustryhadcollapsedaftersuicidalactions

[D]autoindustryhadlostpartofitsdomesticmarket

13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

[A]Itishumannaturetoshiftbetweenself-doubtandblindpride.

[B]Intensecompetitionmaycontributetoeconomicprogress.

[C]Therevivaloftheeconomydependsoninternationalcooperation.

[D]Alonghistoryofsuccessmaypavethewayforfurtherdevelopment.

14.TheauthorseemstobelievetherevivaloftheU.S.economyinthe1990scanbeattributedtothe.

[A]turningofthebusinesscycle[B]restructuringofindustry

[C]improvedbusinessmanagement[D]successineducation

Passage2

①Beingamanhasalwaysbeendangerous.②Thereareabout105malesbomforevery100females,but

thisratiodropsnearbalanceatiheageofmalurily.andamong70-year~olds〔herearetwiceasmanywomenas

men.③Butthegreatuniversalofmalemortalityisbeingchanged.®Now,boybabiessurvivealmostaswellas

girlsdo.⑤Thismeansthat,forthefirsttime,therewillbeanexcessofboysinthosecrucialyearswhentheyare

searchingforamate.⑥Moreimportant,anotherchancefornaturalselectionhasbeenremoved.©Fiftyyears

ago,thechanceofababy(particularlyaboybaby)survivingdependedonitsweight.Akilogramtoolightor

tooheavymeantalmostcertaindeath.⑧Todayitmakesalmostnodifference.Sincemuchofthevariationisdue

togenes,onemoreagentofevolutionhasgone.

①Thereisanotherwaytocommitevolutionarysuicide:stayalive,buthavefewerchildren.②Fewpeople

areasfertileasinthepast.©Exceptinsomereligiouscommunities,veryfewwomenhave15children.④

Nowadaysthenumberofbirths,liketheageofdeath,hasbecomeaverage.©Mostofushaveroughlythesame

numberofoffspring.⑥Again,differencesbelweenpeopleandiheopDortimilyfornaluralseleclionlolake

advantageofithavediminished.⑦Indiashowswhatishappening.Thecountryofferswealthforafewinthe

greatcitiesandpovertyfortheremainingtribalpeoples.@Thegrandmediocrityoftoday-everyonebeingthe

sameinsurvivalandnumberofoffspring——meansthatnaturalselectionhaslost80%ofitspowerin

upper-middle-classIndiacomparedtothetribes.

Forus,thismeansthatevolutionisover;thebiologicalUtopiahasarrived.©Strangely,ithasinvolvedlittle

physicalchange.(3)Nootherspeciesfillssomanyplacesinnature.④Butinthepast100,00()years一eventhe

past100years-ourliveshavebeentransformedbutourbodieshavenot.⑤''Wedidnotevolve,because

machinesandsocielydidilforus.©Darwinhadaphrasetodescribethoseignorantofevolution:theyulookat

anorganicbeingasasavagelooksataship,asatsomethingwhollybeyondhiscomprehension.©Nodoubtwe

willremembera20thcenturywayoflifebeyondcomprehensionforitsugliness.Buthoweveramazedour

descendantsmaybeathowfarfromUtopiawewere,theywilllookjustlikeus.[406words]

15.Whatusedtobethedangerinbeingamanaccordingtothefirstparagraph?

[A]Alackofmates.[B]Afiercecompetition.

[C]Alowersurvivalrate.[D]Adefectivegene.

16.WhatdoestheexampleofIndiaillustrate?

[A]Wealthypeopletendtohavefewerchildrenthanpoorpeople.

[B]Naturalselectionhardlyworksamongtherichandthepoor.

[C]Themiddleclasspopulationis80%smallerthanthatofthetribes.

[D]Indiaisoneofthecountrieswithaveryhighbirthrate.

17.Theauthorarguesthatourbodieshavestoppedevolvingbecause.

[A]lifehasbeenimprovedbytechnologicaladvance

[B]thenumberoffemalebabieshasbeendeclining

[C]ourspecieshasreachedthehigheststageofevolution

[D]thedifferencebetweenwealthandpovertyisdisappearing

18.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

[A]SexRatioChangesinHumanEvolution.

[B]WaysofContinuingMan'sEvolution.

[C]TheEvolutionaryFutureofNature.

[D]HumanEvolutionGoingNowhere.

Passage3

①Q。Whenanewmovementinartattainsacertainfashion,itisadvisabletofindoutwhatitsadvocatesare

aimingat,fbr,howeverfarfetchedandunreasonabletheirprinciplesmayseemtoday,itispossiblethatinyearsto

cometheymayberegardedasnomial.②WithregardtoFuturistpoetry,however,thecaseisratherdifficult,for

whateverFuturistpoetrymaybe——evenadmittingthatthetheoryonwhichitisbasedmayberight——itcanhardly

beclassedasLiterature.

①This,inbrief,iswhattheFuturistsays:foracentury,pastconditionsoflifehavebeenconditionally

speedingup,tillnowweliveinaworldofnoiseandviolenceandspeed.©Consequently,ourfeelings,thoughts

andemotionshaveundergoneacorrespondingchange.③,Thisspeedingupoflife,saystheFulurisLrequiresa

newformofexpression.④Wcmustspeedupourliteraturetoo,ifwewanttointerpretmodernstress.⑤Wcmust

pouroutalargestreamofessentialwords,unhamperedbystops,orqualifyingadjectives,orfiniteverbs.(6)

Insteadofdescribingsoundswemustmakeupwordsthatimitatethem;wemustusemanysizesoftypeand

differentcoloredinksonthesamepage,andshortenorlengthenwordsatwill.

©Certainlytheirdescriptionsofbattlesareconfused.②Butitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatory

notesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheyboth

fallintotheriver——andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsofthe

officers:"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms.v

①This,thoughitfulfillsthelawsandrequirementsofFuturistpoetrycanhardlybeclassedasLiterature.

②Allthesame,nothinkingmancanrefusetoaccepttheirfirstproposition:thatagreatchangeinouremotional

lifecallsforachangeofexpression.③Thewholequestionisreallythis:haveweessentiallychanged?[334

words]

19.Thispassageismainly.

[A]asurveyofnewapproachestoart

[B]areviewofFuturistpoetry

[C]aboutmeritsoftheFuturistmovement

[D]aboutlawsandrequirementsofliterature

20.Whenanovelliteraryideaappears,peopleshouldtryto.

[A]determineitspurposes[B]ignoreitsflaws

[C]followthenewfashions[D]accepttheprinciples

21.Futuristsclaimthatwemust.

[A]increasetheproductionofliterature

[B]usepoetrytorelievemodernstress

[C]developnewmodesofexpression

[D]avoidusingadjectivesandverbs

22.TheauthorbelievesthatFuturistpoetryis.

[A]basedonreasonableprinciples

[B]newandacceptabletoordinarypeople

[C]indicativeofabasicchangeinhumannature

[D]moreofatransientphenomenonthanliterature

Passage4

①'"Aimlessnesshashardlybeenlypicalof〔heposlwarJapanwhoseproductivityandsocialharmonyareihe

envyoftheUnitedStatesandEurope.②ButincreasinglytheJapanesearcseeingadeclineofthetraditional

work-moralvalues.③Tenyearsagoyoungpeoplewerehardworkingandsawtheirjobsastheirprimaryreason

fbrbeing,butnowJapanhaslargelyfulfilleditseconomicneeds,andyoungpeopledon'tknowwherethey

shouldgonext.

©Thecomingofageofthepostwarbabyboomandanentryofwomenintothemale-dominatedjobmarket

havelimitedtheopportunitiesofteen-agerswhoarealreadyquestioningtheheavypersonalsacrificesinvolvedin

climbingJapan'srigidsocialladdertogoodschoolsandjobs.②Inarecentsurvey,itwasfoundthatonly24.5

percentofJapanesestudentswerefullysatisfiedwithschoollife,comparedwith67.2percentofstudentsinthe

UnitedStates.③Inaddition,farmoreJapaneseworkersexpresseddissatisfactionwiththeirjobsthandidtheir

counterpartsinthe10othercountriessurveyed.

©Whileoftenpraisedbyforeignersforitsemphasisonthebasics.Japaneseeducationtendstostresstest

takingandmechanicallearningovercreativityandself-expression.②""Thosethingsihaldonolshow叩inihe

testscores—personality,ability,courageorhumanity——arccompletelyignored,“saysToshikiKaifu.chairmanof

therulingLiberalDemocraticParty'seducationcommittee.(3)uFrustrationagainstthiskindofthingleadskids

todropoutandrunwild.”®LastyearJapanexperienced2,125incidentsofschoolviolence,including929

assaultsonteachers.⑤Amidtheoutcry,manyconservativeleadersareseekingareturntotheprewaremphasison

moraleducation.⑥LastyearMitsuoSetoyama,whowastheneducationminister,raisedeyebrowswhenhe

arguedthatliberalreformsintroducedbytheAmericanoccupationauthoritiesafterWorldWarIIhadweakenedthe

“Japanesemoralityofrespectfbrparents/*

①BuiihatmayhavemoretodowithJopaneselife-styles.②"InJapan,wsayseducatorYokoMuro,

"it'sneveraquestionofwhetheryouenjoyyourjobandyourlife,butonlyhowmuchyoucanendure.”③

Witheconomicgrowthhascomecentralization;fully76percentofJapan's119millioncitizensliveincities

wherecommunityandtheextendedfamilyhavebeenabandonedinfavorofisolated,two-generationhouseholds.

④UrbanJapanesehavelongenduredlengthycommutes(travelstoandfromwork)andcrowdedlivingconditions,

butastheoldgroupandfamilyvaluesweaken,thediscomfortisbeginningtotell.⑤Inthepastdecade,the

Japanesedivorcerate,whilestillwellbelowthatoftheUnitedStates,hasincreasedbymorethan50percent,and

suicideshaveincreasedbynearlyone-quarter.1447words]

23.IntheWesternersJeyes,thepostwarJapanwas.

[A]underaimlessdevelopment[B]apositiveexample

[C]arivaltotheWest[D]onthedecline

24.Accordingtotheauthor,whatmaychieflyberesponsibleforthemoraldeclineofJapanesesociety?

[A]Women'sparticipationinsocialactivitiesislimited.

[B]Moreworkersaredissatisfiedwiththeirjobs.

[C]Excessiveemphasishasbeenplacedonthebasics.

[D]Thelife-stylehasbeeninfluencedbyWesternvalues.

25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?

[A]Japaneseeducationispraisedforhelpingtheyoungclimbthesocialladder.

[B]Japaneseeducationischaracterizedbymechanicallearningaswellascreativity.

[C]Morestressshouldbeplacedonthecultivationofcreativity.

[D]Droppingoutleadstofrustrationagainsttesttaking.

26.ThechangeinJapaneselife-styleisrevealedinthefactthat.

[A]theyoungarelesstolerantofdiscomfortsinlife

[B]thedivorcerateinJapanexceedsthatintheU.S.

[C]theJapaneseenduremorethaneverbefore

[D]theJapaneseappreciatetheirpresentlife

Passage5

①'Ifambitionis2bewellregarded、therewardsofambition—wealth、distinction,controloverone's

destiny-muslbedeemedworthyofIhesacrificesmadeonambilion'sbehalf.②Ifthetraditionofambitionisto

havevitality,itmustbewidelyshared;anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbypeoplewhoarethemselves

admired,theeducatednotleastamongthem.③'Inanoddway,however,itistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedlo

havegivenuponambitionasanideal.④Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsmostbenefitedfromambition——if

notalwaystheirown〔henIhalofiheirparenlsandgrandDarents.⑤Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis,a

caseofclosingthebamdoorafterthehorseshaveescaped—withtheeducatedthemselvesridingonthem.

©Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditssignsnowthanformerly.②Summerhomes,

Europeantravel,BMWs一thelocations,placenamesandnamebrandsmaychange,butsuchitemsdonotseem

lessindemandtodaythanadecadeortwoyearsago.③⑵WhaihashaupenedisthatDeowlecannotconfessfullylo

theirdreams,aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould,lesttheybethoughtpushing、acquisitiveandvulgar.④

Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecritic

ofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsin

three-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildren

areenrolledinprivateschools.⑤Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional,theproper

formulationis,uSucceedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious.v

①Theattacksonambitionaremanyandcomefromvariousangles;itspublicdefendersarcfewand

unimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive.②Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthy

impulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandfixedinthemindoftheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeeninthe

UnitedStates.③Thisdoesnotmeanthatambitionisatanend,thatpeoplenolongerfeelitsstirringsand

promptings,butonlythat,nolongeropenlyhonored,itislessopenlyprofessed.©Consequencesfollowfromthis,

ofcourse,someofwhicharethatambitionisdrivenunderground,ormadesly.⑤Such,then,isthewaythings

stand:ontheleftangrycritics,ontherightstupidsupporters,andinthemiddle,asusual,themajorityofearnest

peopletryingtogetoninlife.[431words]

27.Itisgenerallybelievedthatambitionmaybewellregardedif.

[A]itsreturnswellcompensateforthesacrifices

[B]itisrewardedwithmoney,fameandpower

[C]itsgoalsarespiritualratherthanmaterial

[D]itissharedbytherichandthefamous

28.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthatitis.

[A]customaiyoftheeducatedtodiscardambitioninwords

[B]toolatetocheckambitiononceithasbeenletout

[C]dishonesttodenyambitionafterthefulfillmentofthegoal

[D]impracticalfortheeducatedtoenjoybenefitsfromambition

29.Somepeopledonotopenlyadmittheyhaveambitionbecause.

[A]theythinkofitasimmoral

[B]theirpursuitsarenotfameorwealth

[C]ambitionisnotcloselyrelatedtomaterialbenefits

[D]theydonotwanttoappeargreedyandcontemptible

30.Fromthelastparagraphtheconclusioncanbedrawnthatambitionshouldbemaintained.

[A]secretlyandvigorously[B]openlyandenthusiastically

[C]easilyandmomentarily[D]verballyandspiritually

PartHlEnglish-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareoftheirpeopledependslargelyon

theeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.31)Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasures

ofcentralizedcontrolandhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperationalresearch

experts.32)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry'seconomyisdirectlyboundupwiththe

efficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,andthatthisinturnrestsupontheeffortsofscientistsandtechnologists

ofallkinds.Italsomeansthatgovernmentsarcincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthesesectorsinordertostep

upproductionandensurethatitisutilizedtothebestadvantage.Forexample,theymayencourageresearchin

variousways,includingthesettingupoftheirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,or

interfereinordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;ortheymay

cooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojectsrelatedtoscience,economicsandindustry.In

anycase,allsuchinterventionsareheavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnological

manpowerofallkinds.

33)Owinglotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communicaiions,peopleeverywherearefeelingnew

wantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestill

furtherinnovationsforihereasonsgivenabove.Atthesametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughoutthe

worldistakingplaceatavastlyacceleratedspeedcomparedwiththepast.Forexample,34)intheearly

industrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessofindustrialization—withallthefar-rcachingchangesinsocial

patternsthatfollowed-wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmayundergoihe

sameprocessinadecadeorso.Allthishastheeffectofbuildingupunusualpressuresandtensionswithinthe

communityandconsequentlypresentsseriousproblemsfbrthegovernmentsconcerned.35)Additionalsocial

stressesmayalsooccurbecausetheDopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommassmigralionmovemenls

一themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodemmeansofiransDort.Asaresultofallthesefactors,

governmentsarebecomingincreasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningtheappropriate

programsandputtingthemintoeffect.0390words]

SectionIVWriting(15points)

36.Directions:

A.Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150words.

B.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.

C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:

1)Describethepictures.

2)Deducethepurposeofthepainterofthepictures.

3)Suggestcounter-measures.

ABriefHistoryofWorldCommercialPishing

PartICloseTest

一、文章总体分析

本文是一篇短小的论证性文章，其主题是强调农民储存余粮的必要性。

文章①句提出论点：农民想成功，就必须努力保持消费和生产之间有较大的差距。②句对①句进行详

细的解释：即他必须存储大量的粮食。③④⑤从正面论述储存余粮的必要性：③句总说能够养家糊口；④

⑤句详细说能够留作播种、应对恶劣天气影响及作为商品卖掉以满足农业再生产等需要。⑥⑦⑧句论述没

有余粮的危害:不能自给自足，从背面论证储存余粮的必要性。

二、试题详细解析

l.\[A\]olherthan不同于，除了...[B]aswellas也，又（表达附加）

[C]insteadof而不是...（表选择）[D]morethanVG...更多（表比较）

本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。正确率：72%

[迅速解题]文章首句的含义是：一种农民要想成功，就必须努力保持其消费和生产之间较大的差距。

接着文章提到了两种恰好相反的做法，一种是storealargequantityofgrain（存储大量的粮食），另一种是

consumingallhisgrainimmediately（立即把他全部的粮食都消费完）。显然前一种做法是农民能够成功的做

法，所以空格处需要一种词语来否定背面部分，而且其后能跟目前分词。选项中，只有介词短语insteadof

符合要求，意为“他必须存储大量的粮食而不是立即把全部的粮食都消耗完二

[篇章分析]①句为文章主旨句，关键内容是“保持消费和生产之间的差距”。②句承接①句，详细论

述怎样保持这个差距：储存大量的粮食。

[空格设置]insteadof是连接性介词，体现上下文语义上的逻辑关系。insieadof表选择关系，意为

“替代，作为……的替代，而不是…”，在两种做法中肯定前者，否定后者。如：Iwillstayathomeinsteadof

goingout.我将待在家里,不出门。其他连接性介词还涉及becauseof（因为），despite（尽管）,besides（除

了）等。

[干扰项设置]其他项的短语都可用于连接前后并列的两部分。otherthan常用于否定句中，实际上

是对背面部分的肯定，如：Idon'tknowanyFrenchpeopleotherthanyou.除了你，我不认辨认的法国人。

其他例句：Theeditorsaswellastheproofreadersareworkingovertime.编辑和校对者都在加班工作。Ilikeher

morethanherhusband.我比较喜欢她，不太喜欢她丈夫。

2.[A]onlyif只要，只有（表条件）[B]muchas尽管，虽然（表让步）

[C]longbefore早在…此前（表时间）[D]eversince自从（表时间）

本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系。正确率：62%

[迅速解题]考生需判断空格前后部分之间的逻辑关系。显然，heproducesasurplus是hecancontinue

tosupporthimselfandhisfamily的前提条件。备选项中只有onlyif引导条件状语从句，代入句中，意为“只

有生产有剩余，农民才干继续养活自己及家人”。这两个分句继续强调储存粮食的必要性，符合上下文意。

[篇章分析]②句提到农民必须要储存粮食，③句进一步解释这么做的目的：养活自己及家人。②

句的storealargequantityofgrain和③句的producesasurplus是近义复现，实现了句子之间的语义衔接。

[空格设置]only建体现了主从句之间的逻辑关系，而且onlyif是if的强调形式，在文中用于强调

存储粮食的必要性。onlyif用于句首时，主句•般要倒装，如：Onlyiftheredlightcomesonisthereanything

wrongwiththemachine.只要红灯一亮，就表达机器出毛病了。②句中的考点还涉及：一，熟词僻义。句中

support意为toprovideeverythingnecessary,esp.money,sothatsb/sthcanliveorexist”养活，赡养，维持”，

如：Markhastosupporttwochildrenfromhisfirstmarriage.马克得供养他第一次婚姻生的两个孩子。Heturned

tocrime