新教材2024高中英语Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionSectionIReadingandThinking同步测试新人教版选择性必修第三册

SectionⅠReadingandThinking(1)阅读理解A(2024年·全国乙卷)You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse”,apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcentreinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(来源)ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2024,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(说明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic”,VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped(倾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.1.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?A.Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.B.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.C.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste.D.Reducinggarbageonthebeach.解析:细微环节理解题。依据文章第一段最终一句可知,Benjamin想通过自己的作品来引起人们对塑料污染的关注。故选C。答案:C2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.解析:推理推断题。依据第三段第一句可知,全球仅有9%的塑料垃圾可以回收利用,塑料垃圾回收难度大,而对塑料吸管的介绍更加说明白这一点。故选A。答案:A3.Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A.Calming. B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.解析:推理推断题。依据第四段最终一句可知,“TruckloadofPlastic”让观众感觉这些垃圾会从一辆卡车上一次性倾倒下来,再结合第一段尾句和最终一段可推知,这件作品会引起观众的担心,从而让他们关注塑料污染。故选B。答案:B4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures解析:标题归纳题。文章主要讲解并描述加拿大摄影师Benjamin通过自己的塑料艺术品让人们意识到塑料给海洋带来的污染,故选D。答案:DBDuetoclimatechanges,Arcticiceisbreakingupearlierinthespring,anditsareaisdecreasing.ThisiscreatingproblemsforpolarbearsthatmaketheirhomesoffnorthernAlaskaandinHudsonBay.PolarbearsoffAlaskanormallyhuntandraisetheiryoungonicesheetsthatfloatontheocean.Butastheicehasmelted,thepolarbearshavebeenforcedtospendmoretimeonland.There,theyhavebeguntofrequentbeaches,feedingontheremainsofwhalescaughtbynativehunters.Forpolarbears,thisfoodislessnutritiousthansealsthattheynormallycatchonicesheets.Theshrinking(削减)icehasalsoforcedmorepolarbearsintotheocean.Inthepast,theyonlyhadtoswimshortdistancesbetweenicesheets.Butastheicehasshrunk,polarbearshavebeenforcedtoswimlongerandlongerdistancesintheopenocean.Thisposesaseveredangerduringroughweather,andanincreasingnumberofdrownedpolarbearshavebeenobserved.InHudsonBay,theicebreaksupthreeweeksearlierinthespringnowthanitdid20yearsago.PolarbearsinHudsonBayfast(禁食)duringthesummer,waitingforicetoforminthefalltohunt.Everyyear,thesummergetslonger,andthebearsgetskinnier.Overthepast25years,theaverageweightofthefemalebearshasdroppedto68kg.Thislossaffectstheirabilitytoreproduce,andalreadythenumberofbirthshasdroppedby15percent.Unlessthebearscanlearntosurvivetheseclimatechanges,thesegiantsoftheicemayonedaydisappear.5.WhatisArcticicedoingearliereachyear?A.It’sfreezing. B.It’shardening.C.It’smelting. D.It’sexpanding.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句中的“Arcticiceisbreakingupearlierinthespring”可知,北极冰川每年春天较早时候就在溶化。故选C。答案:C6.WhatisTRUEofpolarbearsthatarespendingmoretimeonlandinAlaska?A.Theiryoungaredying.B.Theirdietischanging.C.Theirhealthisimproving.D.Theirfamiliesaregrowing.解析:细微环节理解题。依据其次段可知,北极熊正常状况下主要吃在冰原上捕获到的海豹,但现在由于冰的削减,它们只能以当地猎人捕获的鲸鱼的残留物为食了。故选B。答案:B7.WhatdoestheauthorimplyaboutfemalepolarbearsinHudsonBay?A.Theyarehavingfeweryoungnow.B.Theysufferfromvarioussicknesses.C.Theydon’tneedstrongerprotection.D.Theycan’tfindenoughgoodmales.解析:细微环节理解题。从最终一段倒数其次句可知北极熊的诞生率已经下降了15%。故选A。答案:A8.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.MedicalNews. B.SocietyToday.C.WildlifeJournal. D.DesignMagazine.解析:推理推断题。通读全文可以发觉,文章叙述的是全球气候的变更给北极熊带来的负面影响,而北极熊属于野生动物,所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》。故选C。答案:CCReforestationAroundtheworldthereisanincreaseinthedemandforreforestation.Thisisbecausetheconsumptionoftheforestshasaffectednotonlytheanimalslivingintheareabutalsothepeople.Andreforestationisabouttherebuildingoftheforeststhathavebeenseverelydestroyed.Itcanofferalotofbenefitswhentherecreationissuccessful.9.________Thisincludescollectingseedlings(幼苗)thatarenativeintheareatomakesurethatthereisnaturalreconstructionofthearea.Someadditionaltreeswhicharenotnativeintheareaalsoneedtobeplanted.10.________Theimportanceofhavingmultiplespeciesoftreesisconsideredtomakesurethattheneedsofotherspeciesthatwillliveandgrowintheareaaremet.

Destroyingaforestiseasybutrebuildingitisreallyhard.11.________Theplanmustincludeaccuratespacingbetweenplants.Thisistoensurethattheywon’tcovereachotherwhiletheygrow.12.________Theforestgreatlyhelpswiththereductionoftheairpollution.Treesareresponsiblefortheproductionofoxygenandabsorptionofcarbondioxide.13.________Itisthereforareasonjustlikeeveryoneelseonthisplanet.

Therecannotbeabetterwaytorestorethebalanceofnaturethantoincreasetheforestarea.Wemustrememberthattheforestisanaturalhabitatforawidevarietyofanimalsandplants.Inthismanner,thereisnosubstituteforreforestation.A.Andglobalwarmingwillspeedupthedestructionofforests.B.Keepinmindthatyoucan’tjustplanttheseedlingsanywhere.C.Recreationswon’tworkuntilallthesedetailshavebeenconsidered.D.Soagoodplanisneededtomakethereforestationasuccessfulone.E.Theforestalsoprotectsusfromtyphoonsandothernaturaldisasters.F.Therearemanythingstobedonewhenitcomestothistypeofeffort.G.Itisimportanttomakesurethattheyaresuitedtotheclimateandthetypeofsoil.9.解析:空格处为本段的主题句。依据下文“Thisincludescollectingseedlings...Someadditionaltreeswhicharenotnativeintheareaalsoneedtobeplanted.”可知,本段主要讲的是针对重新植树造林须要做的一些事情。F项可概括本段大意,故选F。答案:F10.解析:依据上下文可知此处所填内容应与种植非自然生长于此的植物有关。G项中谈到与气候和土壤相适应,与此相关。故选G。答案:G11.解析:依据下文“Theplanmustincludeaccuratespacingbetweenplants.”可知上文提到plan,故选D。答案:D12.解析:依据上文“Theplanmustincludeaccuratespacingbetweenplants.Thisistoensurethattheywon’tcovereachotherwhiletheygrow.”可知,要记住,不能随意将幼苗种在任何地方。故选B。答案:B13.解析:依据上文“Theforestgreatlyhelpswiththereductionofairpollution.”可知,本段主要讲重新植树造林的重要性,故选E。答案:EReadingandThinking(2)[基础测评]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Chinesecultureisfuelinginternationalfashion________(trend).

2.Peopleinthatcountryaredyingof________(starve)becauseoftheplagueoflocusts(蝗灾).

3.Firefighterstooktwohoursto________(release)thedriverfromthewreckage(残骸).

4.________(restrict)ontradewerelifted.

5.Someresearchersbelievethatthereislittledoubt________acureforthatnewdiseasewillbefound.

6.________(sustain)developmentisthecommontargetofhumanbeings.

7.People________(frequent)usesunflowersassymbolsofstrength.

8.Theinterview________(broadcast)allovertheworldyesterday.

9.Thegovernmentnowhopes________(seize)theinitiativeoneducation.

10.Acontemporary________(ecology)oncesaid:ManlivesonEarthasaguestofgreenplants.

答案:1.trends2.starvation3.release4.Restrictions5.that6.Sustainable7.frequently8.wasbroadcast/broadcast9.toseize10.ecologistⅡ.用适当的介词填空1.(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Infact,traditionalsorefers________thethingsthathavebeendevelopingandthatarestillbeingcreated.

2.Dandelionsreleasetheirseeds________theair,makingthemflyingwithwind.

3.Sofarthevirushasresulted________thedeathoftensofthousandsofpeople.

4.According________studies,pricesareaffectedbysupplyanddemand.

5.(2024·北京卷)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped________themountainsfortwodays.

答案:1.to2.into3.in4.to5.inⅢ.语法填空Thereislittledoubt1.________Earthisgettingwarmerandwarmer.In2013,scientistsfoundadeadbody2.________apolarbear,whichappeared3.________(starve)anddied.Thisalarmingcaseshowedhowtheincreaseintemperaturehad4.________impactonEarth’secology.

Aclimateprocess5.________(call)the“greenhouseeffect”keepsEarthwarmandhabitable.6.________,itcanalsocauseEarth’ssurfacetemperaturetorisequickly.Climatescientists7.________(warn)thatifwedon’ttakeaction,thiswarmingtrendwillcontinueandtherewillbea8.________(high)pricetopay.Itissuggestedthateveryindividual9.________(seize)everyopportunitytoreducegreenhousegas10.________(emission).

答案:1.that2.of3.tohavestarved4.an5.called6.However7.havewarned8.higher9.(should)seize10.emissions[提升测评]Ⅳ.阅读理解ATheAntarctic’ssnow-whiteenvironmentisgoinggreenandfacingotherunexpectedthreats.Scientistssaythatastemperaturesgoupinthepolarareas,invading(入侵)plantsandinsects,includingtheflies,causeamajorthreat.Moreandmoreoftheseinvaders,intheformoflarvae(幼虫)orseeds,aresurvivingincoastalareasaroundtheSouthPole,wherethetemperaturehasrisenbyalmost3℃overthepastfivedecades.Glaciershavemelted,exposingmorelandwhichhasbeenoccupiedbymossesthathavebeenfoundtobegrowingmorequicklyandthicklythaneverbefore—providingpotentialgreenhomesforinvaders.“ThecommonhousefliesareaperfectexampleoftheproblemtheAntarcticnowfacesfrominvadingspecies,”saidDominicHodgsonoftheBritishAntarcticSurvey.“Theyarrivebyship,wheretheyexistinkitchens.TheynowhaveanincreasingchanceofsurvivingintheAntarcticasitwarmsup,andthatisaworry.Insectslikethehousefliescarrybacteriathatcouldhaveadeadlyeffectonnativelifeforms.”TheAntarctichasseveralnativespeciesofinsects.Togetherwithitsnativemosses,thesearenowunderincreasedthreatfromthreemajorsources:visitingscientists,increasingnumberoftouristsandglobalwarming.However,itisglobalwarmingthatisthemaindriverofthe“greening”oftheAntarctic.Inthe2015-2016travelseason,morethan38,000touristsvisitedtheAntarctic.“Thesetouristsareoftenverycarefulaboutnotleavingwaste.ButtheycouldcarryseedsorlarvaeontheirbootswhentheysetfootontheAntarctic,”saidDominic.MoreandmoreinvadinginsectsandplantshavebeenfoundontheAntarcticandhaverequiredremoval.“TheinsectsandplantsthatarenativetotheAntarctichavesurvivedthereforthousandsofyears,”saidDominic.“Wehavetoactnowifwewanttosavetheenvironment.”1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mosses”inparagraph3mean?A.Houseflies.B.Coastalareas.C.Akindofplants. D.Akindofanimals.解析:词义揣测题。依据第三段中的“Glaciershavemelted,exposingmorelandwhichhasbeenoccupiedbymossesthathavebeenfoundtobegrowingmorequicklyandthicklythaneverbefore—providingpotentialgreenhomesforinvaders.”可知,画线词指的是一种植物,故选C。答案:C2.WhatdoweknowaboutthehousefliesintheAntarctic?A.TheyarenativetotheAntarctic.B.Theywilldieoutbecauseofthefreezingweather.C.TheycometotheAntarcticfromnearbyislandsontheirown.D.TheycouldseverelyinfluencethenativespeciesoftheAntarctic.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第四段最终一句可知,南极地区的家蝇所携带的细菌会严峻影响当地的物种。故选D。答案:D3.WhatisthemaincauseoftheAntarcticgoinggreen?A.Thearrivalofscientists.B.Theincreasingnumberofvisitors.C.Therapidspreadofnativeplants.D.Therisingtemperaturearoundtheworld.解析:细微环节理解题。依据第五段最终一句可知,南极地区变绿的主要缘由是全球气候变暖。故选D。答案:DBSeaturtlesareoneofseveralspeciesthathavetemperature-dependentsexdetermination.Thenumberoffemalebabiesincreaseswhennestsaremadeinwarmersands.ArecentstudybytheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,TheCaliforniaStateUniversityandWorldWildlifeFundforNatureAustraliaexaminedtwogeneticallydistinctpopulationsofgreenseaturtleslivingintheGreatBarrierReef.Thestudyfoundthatagroupofabout200,000turtleslivinginthenorthernpartofthereefwasalmostentirelyfemale.Whilethesouthernpopulationwas65to69percentfemale,femalesinthenortherngroupaccountedfor99.1percentofyoungturtlesand86.8percentofadults.Aftercombiningtheirresultswithtemperaturedata,thescientistsinchargeofthestudyfoundthatthenortherngreenturtleshavebeenproducingmainlyfemalesformorethantwodecadesandthatthecompletefeminization(雌性化)ofthispopulationispossibleinthenearfuture.Thetemperatureatwhichtheturtleswillproducemaleorfemalebabiescanbepassedontotheturtles’children.Mostseaturtlepopulationsarenowproducingoffspringabovethemostsuitabletemperature,makingitclearthatclimatechangecausesaseriousthreattothesurvivalofthesepopulations.ThechiefexecutiveofWorldWildlifeFundAustralia,DermotO’Gorman,saidthisisanothersignoftheimpactofclimatechange,followingrecentresearchthatshowsthatcoralbleaching(珊瑚白化)eventsareoccurringfarmorefrequentlythaninthepast.“We’vehadtwoyearswherewe’vehadmassbleachingeventsontheGreatBarrierReef,”hetoldGuardianAustralia.“That’saveryvisiblesignoftheimpactofclimatechange.Butthisisaquietchange.Wecan’tseetheimpactit’shavingonaturtlepopulationuntilastudylikethisshowssomelong-termtrends.”Theleadauthorofthepaper,DrMichaelJensen,saidthefindingsrepresentamajorenvironmentalconservationissue.O’Gormansaidmoreurgentactiononclimatechangeisclearlyneeded,addingthatsomeconservationistshavealreadytakenpracticalmeasures,suchasusingshadeclothonturtlenestingbeachestolowerthesandtemperature,andreducingbycatch(误捕)inthefishingindustry.“Shadeclothcanbeusedincertainplaces,butthere’salimittothescaleyoucandothat,”hesaid.“Noweverylargemalewhocanreproduceisgoingtobeevenmoreimportant.”4.WhatdoweknowaccordingtotheresearchonGreatBarrierReef’sgreenseaturtles?A.About65to69percentofnorthernturtlesarefemale.B.86.8percentofsouthernturtleshavegrownuptoadults.C.Thefeminizationofgreenseaturtlescouldbecomeworse.D.Adultgreenseaturtlescanchangetheirsexinwarmerplaces.解析:细微环节理解题。由第四段可知,北部的绿海龟在近20年的时间里孵化的后代始终以雌性为主,而且,在不久的将来,这个种群可能会完全雌性化。说明雌性化现象会更为糟糕。故选C。答案:C5.WhydidO’Gormanmentioncoralbleaching?A.Tosuggestthatclimatechangeposesmoreriskstocoralthanturtles.B.Tocomparethelivingenvironmentsofturtlesandcoral.C.Tourgepeopletotakepracticalmeasurestofightclimatechange.D.Tostressthisdiscoveryaboutgreenseaturtlesisveryvaluable.解析:推理推断题。由第七段可知,珊瑚白化是看得见的气候变更的影响,而绿海龟性别的雌性化却不是那么明显可见,直到做了这项探讨才留意到气候变更对它们的影响。用珊瑚白化来凸显对海龟的这一发觉的重要性。故选D。答案:D6.Whatisthepurposeoftheconservationists’action?A.Tokeeptheseaturtles’nestscool.B.Tostoptheillegalfishingofgreenseaturtles.C.Toexpandthesizeofthegreenseaturtles’nestingplaces.D.Tobuildspecialnestsforturtlestoproduceoffspring.解析:细微环节理解题。由倒数其次段中“suchasusingshadeclothonturtlenestingbeachestolowerthesandtemperature”可知,生态环境爱护者们正实行措施给海龟巢降温。故选A。答案:A7.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowClimateChangeAffectsOceanCreaturesB.InvisibleChangeCausedbyGlobalWarmingExposedC.NecessityofProtectingGreenSeaTurtlesandTheirHabitatD.GlobalGreenSeaTurtlePopulationsinGreaterDanger解析:标题归纳题。整篇文章讲解并描述了龟巢的温度较高使得生活在澳大利亚大堡礁旁边的绿海龟雌性化,并且这种变更不像珊瑚白化那样干脆可见。故选B。答案:BⅤ.完形填空Everyyearabout40,000peopleattempttoclimbKilimanjaro,thehighestmountaininAfrica.Theybringwiththemlotsofwaste.The1mightdamagethebeautyoftheplace.Theglaciersaredisappearing,changingthe2ofKilimanjaro.

Hearingthesestories,I’m3abouttheplace—otherdestinationsaredescribedas“purer”naturalexperiences.

However,Isoon4thatmuchhaschangedsincethedaysofdisturbingreportsof5amongtonsofrubbish.Ifindacleanmountain,withtoiletsatcampsandalongthepaths.Theenvironmentalchallengesare6buttheeffortsmadebytheTanzaniaNationalParkAuthorityseemtobe7.

ThebestofaKilimanjaroexperience,inmyopinion,isn’treachingthetop.Mountainsare8asspiritualplacesbymanycultures.This9isespeciallyevidentonKilimanjaroasclimbersgothroughfiveecosystems(生态系统)inthespaceofafewkilometres.Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000metres,10landsoflowgrowingplants.Furtherup,theweather11—lowcloudsenvelopthemountainsides,whicharecoveredwiththickgrass.I12twelveshadesofgreenfromwhereIstand.Above4,000metresisthehighland13:gravel(砾石),stonesandrocks.Finallyyouclimbintoanarctic-likezonewith14snowandtheglaciersthatmaysoondisappear.

DoesKilimanjaro15itsreputationasacrowdedmountainwithlinesoftouristsruiningtheatmosphereofpeace?Ifoundtheoppositetobetrue.

1.A.stories B.buildingsC.crowds D.reporters解析:人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。story故事;building建筑物;crowd人群;reporter记者。由“40,000people”可知,这是一个浩大的人群。故选C。答案:C2.A.position B.ageC.face D.name解析:冰川正在消逝,变更着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。position位置;age年龄;face外貌;name名字。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一,所以冰山溶化会变更它的地貌。故选C。答案:C3.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy解析:听到这些故事,“我”对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,想解开这个怀疑。silent缄默的;skeptical怀疑的;serious肃穆的;crazy疯狂的。beskep