辽宁省营口市2025届高三英语上学期期末考试试题含解析

PAGEPAGE22辽宁省营口市2025届高三英语上学期期末考试试题（含解析）试卷说明:试卷分为试题卷和答题卷，试题卷中第Ⅰ卷为选择题，答案选项填在答题卷选择题答题表中，用答题卡的学校涂在答题卡相应题号上；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，答案一律答在答题卷相应位置上。第Ⅰ卷第一部分:听力(略)其次部分:阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。AOilPaintingworkshopMarch23,2024Forages15andup.Beginnerswelcome!Experiencenotrequired.RegistrationDeadline—March9,2024●ClassSchedule9:30-10:00WelcomeandRegistration10:00-12:00PaintingSession12:00-1:00Lunch1:00-3:00PaintingSession3:00EvaluationandDeparture●AbouttheInstructorJudyMoore-Gist,AlexanderCertifiedInstructorandCertifiedRossInstructor,ismakinggreateffortstogivepeopleofallagestheopportunitytoexperienceWilliamAlexander'sTheMagicofOilPaintingandBobRoss'sTheJoyofPainting.Both,WilliamAlexanderandBobRoss,PBSTVhosts,haveinspiredthousandsoffirst-timepainters.Showingthe"wet-on-wet"techniqueencouragedpeopleofallagestopickupabrushandputtheirdreamsoncanvas(画布).Judywilldothesame,andyouarewelcometotakeaclassandseeforyourself.Attheendofjustonesessionyouwillbeamazedatthebeautifulpaintingthatyoucreateinjustafewhours.Youwillbecomemoreawareofbeautifulcloudshapesandcolorsyouignoredbefore.Thereisnothingmoreinspiringthanseeingabeautifulscenerythatyoupaintandotherswilltreasureforever.FormoreinformationaboutJudyMoore-Gist,clickhere.Cost:$75.00/apersonPricesincludeallinstructorfees,materials,andlunch.Ifyouwishtopaybycheck,pleaseprinttheOilPaintAug.pdfprintableregistrationformandmailitinwithpaymentto:HolidayLake4HEducationalCenter,12674-HCampRoad,Appomattox,VA24522.Refund(退款)Policy:FullRefund:March9,2024Nonrefundable:afterMarch9,2024FormoreinformationcontactHeatherBenninghoveat434-248-5444orheathern@.1.Whatshouldpeopledotoattendtheclass?A.Provideapieceofpainting. B.PayforitbeforeMarch9,2024.C.Learnsomethingabouttheinstructor. D.RegisterforitnolaterthanMarch9,2024.2.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Theclassisintendedforpeopleofallages.B.YoucangetafullrefundbeforeMarch23,2024.C.Moreinformationabouttheinstructorisavailableonline.D.Paintingexperienceisneededforpeopletoattendtheclass.3.Wherewouldyoubemostlikelytofindthetext?A.Inanewspaper. B.OntheInternet. C.Onanoticeboard. D.Inacompanybrochure.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。该广告是为名叫“OilPaintingWorkshop”的课程做宣扬。广告中介绍了上课的时间，老师信息，收费状况等内容。【详解】1.细微环节理解题。依据“RegistrationDeadline—March9,2024”可知，登记的最终期限为2024年3月9号。故选D。2.细微环节理解题。依据“Instructor”中的“Forages15andup.”可知，参与课程的人的年龄是15岁及以上的人。所以选项A错误；依据“Refund(退款)Policy:”中“FullRefund:March9,2024”可知，全款退费是在2021年3月9日，所以选项B错误；依据“Instructor”中的“FormoreinformationaboutJudyMoore-Gist,clickhere.”可知，要获得更多关于JudyMoore-Gist，可以点击这儿。可以推知，网上有更多关于导师JudyMoore-Gist的信息。所以选项C正确；依据开头部分中“Beginnerswelcome!Experiencenotrequired.”可知，初学者也是可以的。选项D错误。故选C。3.推理推断题。依据FormoreinformationaboutJudyMoore-Gist,clickhere.更多关于JudyMoore-Gist的信息，点击这里。依据句中的click意为“点击”，由此可知，这篇文章可能出现在网上。故选B。BIworkatagrocerystoreinMontreal'sPlateauneighbourhood,whichgetsalotofregulars.OnMarch12,theQuebecgovernmentannouncedtocloseallpublicplacestostopthespreadofthepandemic(流行病)ofcoronavirus.ThenextdaythestorewasthebusiestI'veeverseen.Thesixcashregistershadtobekeptopenfrom10a.m.untilclose.Itwasnuts.Ididn'thavetimetoeatlunch,andwheneveroneofusoncashhadtousethebathroom,we'dhavetobringinacoworkerofthefloortocoverforus.Sincethen,theatmosphereinthestorehasbeendifferent.Customersaremostlyconsiderate,butwheneversomeonecoughsorsneezes,everyoneturnsaroundtomakesurethatpersonsneezedintotheirelbow.I'veevenseencustomerscomeinwearingsomestrangeget-ups.OneguyevencameinwithaplasticWalmartbagwrappedaroundhisentirehead,withaslitcutoutforhiseyes.Alotofmycoworkershavelefttoavoidapublic-facingjobduringthepandemic.grocerystoreworkersacrossCanadaareputtingtheirhealthatriskeverytimetheycomeintowork,butalotofusarestillmakingclosetominimumwage.IrealizethatIfeelmoreexhaustedthannormaleventhoughI'mworkingthesamehours.Therestillhavebeensomemomentsofkindnessinthemidstofthechaos.I'veoverheardpeopletalkingonthephonewhosoundedasthoughtheywereorganizinggrocerydeliveriesforthosestuckathome.Andthispastweekendaveryniceladythankedusforcontinuingtowork.Iknoweveryoneisworried,butit'suselesshavingthesamescaryconversationsdayafterday.Insteadtellusafunnyanecdote,oraboutsomethingnice.We’llappreciatethedistraction,andyou’llmakeourdayjustabitbrighter.4.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowby"Itwasnuts."inParagraph2?A.Thegoodswereinshortsupply. B.Thestorewashavingabigsale.C.Thecashierscomplainedabouttheirwork. D.Thelocalsrushedtodoshoppinglikecrazy.5.WhatdoesParagraph3conveyaboutcustomers?A.Theyprefertoshophereincostume. B.Theyarepanickyaboutthedisease.C.Theyaremorefriendlytoeachother. D.Theyallprotectthemselvesproperly.6.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheauthor?A.Aggressive. B.Considerate. C.Optimistic. D.Conservative.7.Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthearticle?A.Topresentthekindmomentsinatimeofchaos.B.Todescribewhatit'slikeworkinginthepandemic.C.Toexplainwhyitishardtoworkatthegrocerystore.D.Toprovideadviceonhowtoprotectoneselfinthepandemic.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇文说明文。作者从一个杂货店员工的角度，讲解并描述了新冠疫情爆发以来在店里目睹到的景象，有人们慌乱的反应，也有暖心的瞬间。【详解】1.词句揣测题。依据其次段第一、二句“ThenextdaythestorewasthebusiestI'veeverseen.Thesixcashregistershadtobekeptopenfrom10a.m.untilclose.(其次天，这家商店是我所见过的最繁忙的商店。六个收银机必需从上午10点开到关门)”可知，商店当天顾客爆满，作者用这样的表达就是为了说明人们面对疫情惊惶失措、蜂拥而至前来购物的混乱场景。因此推断划线句表示当地人疯狂地抢购商品。故选D项。2.推理推断题。依据第三段第一句“Sincethen,theatmosphereinthestorehasbeendifferent.”可知，疫情爆发后，整个商店里的气氛都变了，结合本段给出的人们对咳嗽、打喷嚏的人很敏感以及用购物袋包住头部的人都不难看出，人们对于疫情是感到恐慌的。故选B项。3.推理推断题。依据最终一段的第一句“Therestillhavebeensomemomentsofkindnessinthemidstofthechaos.”（在混乱之中，仍旧有一些善意的时刻。），最终一句“We'llappreciatethedistraction,andyou'llmakeourdayjustabitbrighter.”（我们会很感谢你能分散我们的留意力，你会让我们的生活更加美妙。）可知，作者处在新冠疫情的惊惶气氛下，还是比较冷静的，也能关注到发生的一些美妙的事情，同时对关切自己的人表示感谢，应当是比较主动乐观的。故选C项。4.推理推断题。依据第一段“IworkatagrocerystoreinMontreal'sPlateauneighbourhood,whichgetsalotofregulars.OnMarch12,theQuebecgovernmentannouncedtocloseallpublicplacestostopthespreadofthepandemic(流行病)ofcoronavirus.”可知，我在蒙特利尔高原旁边的一家杂货店工作，那里有很多常客。3月12日，魁北克政府宣布关闭全部公共场所，以阻挡冠状病毒的传播。同时结合下文“ThenextdaythestorewasthebusiestI'veeverseen.”（其次天，这家店是我见过的最忙的。），第三段第一句“Sincethen,theatmosphereinthestorehasbeendifferent.”（从那以后，店里的气氛就不一样了。）所以可推知，作者身为杂货店的工作人员，讲解并描述新冠疫情下自己在杂货店工作过程中的所见所闻，因此文章的写作目的是描述作者在大流行病中工作的感觉。选项B与文意一样。故选B项。CLikepeople,plantsexperiencestress.Andalso,likepeople,theresponsetothatstresscandeterminesuccess.Badenvironmentalconditions,suchasdrought,flood,heatandotherstresses,affectyields(产量)morethancroppestsanddiseases.Wearetryingtofindawaytoequipplantswiththeabilitytotolerateenvironmentalstressandmaintainhighyields,saidStephenHowell,aprofessorofgeneticsandcellbiology.Plantcellsproduceproteins(蛋白质)andshipthemtodifferentpartsofthecell.Undernormalconditions,theseproteinsarefoldedintotheirnormal,healthystructuresastheyareproduced.Whenaplantisunderstress,itscellsproducepoorlyfoldedorunfoldedproteins.Thenabuilt-insystemsensesthisand“setsoffanalarminthecell,”saidHowell.Inresponsetothealarm,anotherprotein(IRE1)startsworkingandcreatesadifferentprocesswhichactivates(激活)thestressresponsegeneswhoseproductsbringaboutdefensivemeasuresthathelptheplantsurvive.“Asitturnsout,responsesthatareactivatedunderstressconditionsactuallyinhibitthegrowthofplants,”saidHowell.“Thisallowsthemtopreservetheirenergytosurvivethestressconditions.”Forplantsinthewild,thisresponseisahelpforsurvival,hesaid.Inproductionofagriculturecrops,however,thisresponsereducesyields.“Youdon’twantcropplantstostopgrowing,”Howellsaid.“Youwantthemtocontinuetogrowandproduceeventhoughtheyareunderstress.”Withthenewunderstandingofthisstressresponse,thenextstepmaybetosilencethealarmsystem,saidHowell.“Whatmaybeimportantistodisablesomeofthesestressresponses.Thatmaymaketheplantmoreproductiveunderstressconditions.”8.Accordingtothetext,whatcausesanalarmintheplantcells?A.Thefoldedproteins. B.Thechangedproteins.C.Thedefensivemeasures. D.Thestressresponsegenes.9.Whatdoestheenergypreservedintheplantsunderstressconditionsdo?A.Ithelpstheplantstosurvive. B.Ithelpstomaintainhighyields.C.Itkeepstheplantsgrowing. D.Ithelpstoproduceproteins.10.Whichwordisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedword“inhibit”inParagraph5?A.Prevent. B.Start.C.Continue. D.Promote.11.HowdoesHowellintendtomakecropplantsmaintainhighyieldsunderstressconditions?A.Bymakingcropplantskeepmoreenergy.B.Bymakingcropplantsstopgrowing.C.Bymakingthealarmsystemstopworking.D.Bymakingthealarmsystemrespondquickly.【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.C【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了植物细胞的报警是由变更蛋白质产生的，豪厄尔在压力条件下通过使报警系统停止工作使作物保持高产。【8题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第三段：Whenaplantisunderstress，itscellsproducepoorlyfoldedorunfoldedproteins可知植物细胞报警是由变更蛋白质产生的；故选B。【9题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第四段：anotherprotein（IRE1）startsworkingandcreatesadifferentprocesswhichactivates（激活）thestressresponsegeneswhoseproductsbringaboutdefensivemeasuresthathelptheplantsurvive可知胁迫条件下植物的能量保存帮助植物生存；故选A。【10题详解】词义理解题。依据第五段：Asitturnsout，responsesthatareactivatedunderstressconditionsactuallyinhibitthegrowthofplants事实证明，在压力条件下被激活的反应事实上抑制了植物的生长，可知意为阻挡；故选A。【11题详解】细微环节理解题。依据最终一段：Whatmaybeimportantistodisablesomeofthesestressresponses．Thatmaymaketheplantmoreproductiveunderstressconditions可知豪厄尔在压力条件下通过使报警系统停止工作使作物保持高产；故选C。DAnewdeviceworkslikeasolarpanel,exceptthatitdoesn'tharvestenergyfromthesun.Itabsorbsenergyfromthecoldnightsky.Aprototype(原型)ofthedeviceproducedenoughelectricityatnighttopowerasmalllightbulb.Abiggerversionmightonedaylightroomsorchargephones.Italsocouldpowerelectronicsinremoteorlow-resourceareasthatlackelectricity.ThedevicemakesuseofthetemperaturedifferencebetweenEarthandouterspace.Itthenusesthatdifferencetocreateelectricity.Aslongasonesideofitiscoolerthantheother,thegeneratorcanproduceelectricity.Thecoolersidefacestheskyandisattachedtoanaluminumplate.Thatplateissealedbeneathatransparent(透亮的)coverandsurroundedwithinsulation(隔热材料)tokeepoutheat.Thebottomofthegeneratorisattachedtoanexposedaluminumplate.Thatplateiswarmedbythelocalair.Atnight,thetopplatecangetacoupleofdegreesCelsiuscoolerthanthebottomofthegenerator.Researcherstesteda20-centimeterprototypeoneclearDecembernightinStanford,California.Thegeneratorproduceduptoabout25milliwattsofpowerpersquaremeterofdevice.Thatwasenoughpowertolightasmalllight-emittingdiode,orLEDbulb.Furtherimprovementsmightincreaseitsproductiontoatleast500milliwattspersquaremeter.Todothat,thesystemmightneedmoreinsulationaroundthecooltopplate.Thedevicealsocouldhelppowerremoteweatherstationsorotherenvironmentaldevices,saysAaswathRaman.HeisamaterialsscientistwhoworkedonthedeviceattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles.Thismaybeusefulinpolarregionsthatdon'tseesunlightformonthsatatime,Ramansays.“Ifyouhavesomelow-powerloadandyouneedtopoweritthroughthreemonthsofdarkness,thismightbeaway.”12.Whatcanweknowaboutthenewdevice?A.Itgainsenergyfromthesun. B.It'sbeenwidelyusedinlife.C.Itiscoolerthanasolarpanel. D.It'llbepopularinspecialareas.13.WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph3?A.Applicationfieldsofthedevice. B.Thedevelopingprocessofthedevice.C.Theworkingprincipleofthedevice. D.Significanteffectsofthedevice.14.Howcanthedeviceproducemoreelectricity?A.Byputtingmoreinsulationaroundthetopplate.B.Byusingitinextremelycoldandclearnights.C.Bymakingitsbottomcoolerthanthetopplate.D.Bypoweringremoteenvironmentaldevices.15.Whatcouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.ADeviceUsingtheColdNightSkytoProduceElectricityB.ADeviceBringingNewHopeforThoseintheColdNightC.TheDifferenceBetweenaSolarPanelandaNewDeviceD.TheTemperatureDifferenceBetweenEarthandOuterSpace【答案】12.D13.C14.A15.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项最新的科研独创——利用寒冷的夜空发电的装置，它可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。【详解】1.推理推断题。依据其次段的最终一句“Italsocouldpowerelectronicsinremoteorlow-resourceareasthatlackelectricity.”和最终一段的最终两句“Ifyouhavesomelow-powerloadandyouneedtopoweritthroughthreemonthsofdarkness，thismightbeaway.”可知，这种装置在一些偏远地区或缺电的地区帮助发电；另外，在极地地区数月不见阳光，这种装置可以帮助发电照明。由此可推知，这个新设备在会在一些特别地区受欢迎。故选D项。2.主旨大意题。依据第三段“ThedevicemakesuseofthetemperaturedifferencebetweenEarthandouterspace.Itthenusesthatdifferencetocreateelectricity.Aslongasonesideofitiscoolerthantheother，thegeneratorcanproduceelectricity.Thecoolersidefacestheskyandisattachedtoanaluminumplate.Thatplateissealedbeneathatransparent(透亮的)coverandsurroundedwithinsulation(隔热材料)tokeepoutheat.Thebottomofthegeneratorisattachedtoanexposedaluminumplate.Thatplateiswarmedbythelocalair.Atnight，thetopplatecangetacoupleofdegreesCelsiuscoolerthanthebottomofthegenerator.”可知，该装置利用地球和外层空间的温差。然后它利用这种差异来发电。只要它的一边比另一边冷，发电机就能发电。较冷的一面面朝天空，与一块铝板相连。那块板被密封在一个透亮的盖子下面，四周有保温材料来阻挡热量。发电机的底部连接在一块暴露的铝板上。那个盘子被当地的空气加热。晚上，顶板的温度比发电机底部的温度低几摄氏度。由此可推知第三段主要讲了这个设备发电的主要工作原理。故选C项。3.细微环节理解题。依据第四段中“Todothat，thesystemmightneedmoreinsulationaroundthecooltopplate”可知，此处Todothat是指前一句“让这装置产生更多的电量”。因此，该装置系统须要在上面的金属板四周安装更多的隔热材料才可以产生更多的电能。故选A项。4.主旨大意题。文章第一段“Anewdeviceworkslikeasolarpanel，exceptthatitdoesn’tharvestenergyfromthesun.Itabsorbsenergyfromthecoldnightsky.”一种新的装置像太阳能电池板一样工作，只是它不从太阳获得能量。它从寒冷的夜空汲取能量。点明白文章主题，结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项最新的科研独创，这种科技可以从寒冷的夜空中收集能量，然后通过利用地表和远处空间的温差来产生电能。所以短文的最佳标题为“利用寒冷的夜空发电的装置”。故选A项。其次节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Talkingtoyourselfmayseemalittleshameful.Accordingtothewell-knownsaying,talkingtoyourselfisthefirstsignofmadness,___16___Talkingtoourselves,whetheroutloudorsilentlyinourheads,isavaluabletoolforthought.Farfrombeingmentallyill,self-talkallowsustoplanwhatwearegoingtodo,manageouractivities,regulateouremotionsandevencreateadescriptionofourexperience.___17___Aschildren,accordingtotheRussianpsychologistLevVygotsky,weuseprivatespeechtoregulateouractionsinthesamewaythatweusepublicspeechtocontrolthebehaviorofothers.___18___Psychologicalexperimentshaveshownthattheprivatespeechcanimproveourperformanceontasksrangingfromjudgingwhatotherpeoplearethinkingtosortingimagesintocategories.Onerecentstudysuggestedthatself-talkismosteffectivewhenweaddressourselvesinthesecondperson,as“you”ratherthan“I”.___19___Ifyouwantproof,turnonthesportschannel.You’recertaintoseeanathleteortwocheeringthemselvesupwithabitterphraseorscoldingthemselvesafterabadshot.Conductadialoguewithourselves.___20___Theprivatespeechseemstobeaparticularlygoodwayofsolvingproblemsandworkingthroughideas.Theto-and-frobetweendifferentpointsofviewmeansourthoughtscanendupinexpectedplaces,justlikearegulardialoguecan,andmightturnouttobeoneofthekeyslohumancreativity.A.Whatisprivatespeech?B.Butthereisnoneedforembarrassment.C.Psychologistsrefertothisasprivatespeech.D.Askquestionsoftheselfandprovideanswers.E.Wedoalotofprivatespeechwhenweareyoung.F.Aswegrowolder,wemaketheprivatespeechbecomethewayofblinking,G.Althoughtheprivatespeechiseffective,weneverentirelyputawaytheout-loudspeech.【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.G20.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。自言自语好像显得有点丢人。自言自语非但不代表精神失常，而且恰恰相反，它有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和心情，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经验的故事。【16题详解】依据上文“用人们熟知的话来说，自言自语是变疯的第一迹象。”以及空格后“自言自语——无论是大声说出还是在心中默念——都很有价值，是思索的一种工具。”得知空格处表示转折，尽管大家以为自言自语不好，但你不必感到尴尬。故选B。【17题详解】依据上文“自言自语有助于我们规划要做的事情和管控自己的各种活动和心情，甚至还能创作一段关于自己经验的故事。”得知空格处表示总结：心理学家将这种行为称作私下话语。故选C。【18题详解】依据下文“心理学试验已经表明，这种所谓的内在言语可以提高我们处理一些事情的实力，比如从推断别人在想什么，到把图片分门别类。”得知空格处表示过渡：随着我们年龄的增长，我们并没有放弃这个体系——我们把它内化了。故选F。【19题详解】依据下文举例“打开体育频道，你肯定会看到有那么一两个运动员在对自己说着鼓劲儿话，或是在没投中球后狠狠地责怪自己。”得知空格处表示转折：我们内化了在孩童时期运用的私下话语，但我们却从未完全放弃大声说出的方式。故选G。【20题详解】依据空上文“与自己进行对话。”得知空格处承接上文表示：自问自答好像是一种很好的解决问题和理清想法的方式。故选D。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onacoldwintermorning,anoldmansatawkwardlyagainstawallatSydney'sCircularQuaystation.Iglancedforamomentbut___21___himandwalkedontomyofficeasI___22___hewasaderelict(流浪汉).Onmywaybackthatafternoon,inthe___23___placeIsawanambulanceandthemanwasbeingattendedbytwonurses.Asamatteroffact,hewasn'taderelictbutaworker,who___24___fellillonhiswaytowork.AwaveofshameshockedmewhenIrealizedthatsick,oldmanhadputwiththe___25___oftheentiredayHeprobablyreachedouttopassers-byforhelp.NOonstopped.Noone___26___.AdifferentseasonandIagain___27___anoldmanhalflyingonthefootpath.Caughtupinthe___28___rushofpeoplecommuting,Iwouldhave___29___himquicklyasIhaddonebefore.However,the___30___oftheoldWinterManforcedmetowalktothemanonheground,whowasdressesinsmartclothesbutlifeless.IbentdowntoaskwhetherhewasOK.He___31___consciousnessagain,andtoldmehewasfeelingdizzyand___32___metocallanambulanceforhim,whichIdid.Veryweak,hesaidtome,inwhisper,"Nobodystopped.Thankyou."Ilookedintohiseyesforamomentin___33___,butmuchwasspokenwithoutawordbeingsaid.Astheapproachingambulanceannouncedthearrivalofhelp,anumberof___34___rushedatme:sadnessfortheWinterManand___35___thatIdidn'twalkpastanotherpersoninneed.Iwasamazedthatithadbeensoeasytobehelpful.21.A.ignored B.recognized C.comforted D.understood22.A.announced B.proved C.learnt D.thought23.A.first B.same C.public D.next24.A.nearly B.finally C.suddenly D.immediately25.A.violence B.coldness C.tiredness D.anger26.A.served B.liked C.knew D.cared27.A.cameacross B.gaveup C.lookedfor D.focusedon28.A.frequent B.crazy C.usual D.gradual29.A.greeted B.found C.followed D.passed30.A.guidance B.memory C.expression D.comment31A.gained B.returned C.lost D.received32.A.forced B.allowed C.instructed D.asked33.A.surprise B.excitement C.silence D.pain34.A.dreams B.emotions C.plans D.opinions35.A.relief B.shock C.luck D.regret【答案】21.A22.D23.B24.C25.B26.D27.A28.C29.D30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】这是一篇记叙文。在一个寒冷的冬天早晨，作者看到一个老人倒在路上但是选择了忽视，结果回家时在同一地点看到了一辆救援车，那个人正由两个护士照料着。作者意识到这个生病的老人已经忍受了一成天的寒冷时，一阵惭愧之感使自己震惊。后来作者又遇到一位老人半躺在人行道上，选择伸出了援手，为自己没有走过另一个须要帮助的人而感到宽慰。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我瞥了他一眼，但没理他，径直走进我的办公室，因为我以为他是一个流浪汉。A.ignored忽视；B.recognized识别；C.comforted劝慰；D.understood理解。依据后文“himandwalkedontomyoffice”可知作者忽视了这个倒在路上的老人。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我瞥了他一眼，但没理他，径直走进我的办公室，因为我以为他是一个流浪汉。A.announced宣布；B.proved证明；C.learnt学习；D.thought以为，思索。依据后文“hewasaderelict”可知作者之所以忽视了这个人，是因为作者以为他是个流浪汉。故选D。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天下午，在回家的路上，我在同一地点看到了一辆救援车，那个人正由两个护士照料着。A.first最重要的；B.same同样的；C.public公众的；D.next贴近的。依据后文“Isawanambulanceandthemanwasbeingattendedbytwonurses”可知作者看到早上那个倒在路上的人由两个护士照料着，说明是在早上的同一个地点看到的。故选B。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，他不是一个流浪汉，而是一个在上班路上突然生病的工人。A.nearly差不多；B.finally最终；C.suddenly突然；D.immediately马上。依据后文“fellillonhiswaytowork”可知老人是在上班路上突然生病的。故选C。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到这个生病的老人已经忍受了一成天的寒冷时，一阵惭愧之感使我震惊。A.violence暴力；B.coldness寒冷；C.tiredness乏累；D.anger生气。对应第一段中“Onacoldwintermorning”指老人忍受了一天的寒冷。故选B。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人在乎。A.served服务；B.liked喜爱；C.knew知道；D.cared关切，在乎。依据上文“Heprobablyreachedouttopassers-byforhelp.NOonestopped.”可知过往的人没有停下来帮助这个人，因为没人在乎或是关切这个人。故选D。【27题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一个不同的季节，我又遇到一位老人半躺在人行道上。A.cameacross偶遇；B.gaveup放弃；C.lookedfor找寻；D.focusedon集中于。依据后文“anoldmanhalflyingonthefootpath”可知作者又偶然遇到了一个倒在路上的老人。故选A。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：沉湎于平常上下班的人流中，我犹如以前一样快速走过他。A.frequent常见的；B.crazy疯狂的；C.usual通常的；D.gradual渐渐的。依据后文“rushofpeoplecommuting”可知作者行走在和平常一样上下班的人群中。故选C。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：沉湎于平常上下班的人流中，我以犹如以前一样快速走过他。A.greeted问候；B.found找到；C.followed跟随；D.passed经过。依据后文“himquicklyasIhaddonebefore”以及最终一段中“Ididn'twalkpastanotherperson”可知，作者原来准备和以前一样干脆走过这个须要帮助的人。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，对冬天老人的回忆迫使我走向地上的那个人，他穿着美丽的衣服，却毫无生气。A.guidance指导；B.memory记忆；C.expression表达；D.comment评论。依据后文“oftheoldWinterManforcedmetowalktothemanontheground”可知作者想起了那个冬天倒在路上的老人，所以对冬天老人的回忆迫使作者走向地上的那个人。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他复原了知觉，告知我他感到头晕，让我帮他叫救援车，我照做了。A.gained复原，获得；B.returned返回；C.lost失去；D.received收到。结合后文“consciousnessagain,andtoldmehewasfeelingdizzy”可知倒在路上的人，复原了知觉，和作者说话。故选A。32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他复原了知觉，告知我他感到头晕，让我帮他叫救援车，我照做了。A.forced迫使；B.allowed允许；C.instructed指示；D.asked询问，恳求。依据后文“metocallanambulanceforhim”可知这人身体不适，所以恳求作者帮他叫救援车。故选D。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我静默地看着他的眼睛，但一句话也没说。A.surprise惊喜；B.excitement激烈；C.silence缄默；D.pain苦痛。依据后文“withoutawordbeingsaid”可知作者一句话也没说，只是静默地看着这人。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着救援车向我宣布救援的到来时，很多心情涌上心头：我为那个冬天的人感到难受；我为自己没有走过另一个须要帮助的人而感到宽慰。A.dreams幻想；B.emotions情感；C.plans支配；D.opinions观点。依据后文“sadnessfortheWinterMan”可知作者帮助了这人之后，内心心情翻涌，为那个冬天的人感到难受。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当救援车向我宣布救援的到来时，很多心情涌上心头：我为那个冬天的人感到难受；我为自己没有走过另一个须要帮助的人而感到宽慰。A.relief减轻，宽慰；B.shock震惊；C.luck运气；D.regret懊悔。结合后文“thatIdidn'twalkpastanotherpersoninneed.Iwasamazedthatithadbeensoeasytobehelpful.”可知作者这次没有像上次一样，干脆走过了那个须要帮助的人，因此是对帮助了别人感到宽慰。故选A。第II卷其次节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In1956,BiketoWorkDay,with___36___aimofpromotingthebicycleasaseriouschoiceofgettingtoandfromwork,wasstartedbytheLeagueofAmericanBicyclists.Itis___37___(annual)heldacrossNorthAmericaonthethirdFridayofMay.Intoday'sworld___38___globalwarmingisaseriousissue,thebicycleisaperfectwayofreducingourcarbonfootprint.Cyclingtoworkis___39___(healthy)thandrivingortakingpublictransport.Itcannotonlysaveyoumoneybutalso___40___(able)youtobemorecreativeonceyougettowork,thusimprovingyourperformance.Bicyclesarethemostcommonformoftransportintheworldandthereareabouttwobillioninuseworldwide,___41___(make)thebicyclethemostpopularinventionever.Whenwethinkofsomecountries,___42___theNetherlands,weimaginehundredsofpeoplecyclingeverywhere.Eveninhigh-techJapan,___43___isimpossiblenottoseebusinessmen,farmers,mothersorworkersinthestreetsontheirbikes.Bicycles___44___(invent)inthe19thcenturyhaven'tchangedmuchsince.Today,weusebicyclesforpleasure,fitness,Olympiccompetitions,mail___45___(deliver)andlotsmore.Withoutthebicycle,muchoftheworldmightstopworking!【答案】36.the37.annually38.where39.healthier40.enable41.making42.like43.it44.invented45.delivery【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了骑自行车的好处。自行车是世界上最常见的交通工具，全世界大约有20亿辆自行车，这使得自行车成为有史以来最受欢迎的独创。骑车上班是一项健康的选择。【详解】1.考查冠词。句意：“自行车上班日”是由美国自行车协会在1956年发起的，目的是将自行车作为一种肃穆的工作选择。withtheaimof以为目标，故填the。2.考查副词。句意：每年5月的第三个星期五，在北美各地实行。依据下文“heldacrossNorthAmerica”，可知此处要用副词修饰后面的动词held，所以填副词annually。故填annually。3.考查定语从句。句意：在当今世界，全球变暖是一个严峻的问题，自行车是削减我们碳踪迹的完备方式。分析句子结构，可知，world是先行词，将先行词代入后面的定语从句中，在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where，故填where。4.考查形容词比较级。句意：与开车或乘坐公共交通工具相比，骑车上班是一项更健康的选择。依据下文中“than”可知，此处表示和开车及公共交通方式相比，所以此处用比较级。形容词healthy的比较级为healthier，故填healthier。5.考查形容词。句意：它不仅能帮你省钱，还能让你在工作后更有创建力，从而提高你的表现。分析句子可知，本句中用到了并列结构：notonly...butalso...，意为“不仅而且”，所以空白处形式应当和谓语“save”一样，也用动词原形，形容词able的动词为enable，故填enable。6.考查现在分词。句意：自行车是世界上最常见的交通工具，全世界大约有20亿辆自行车，这使得自行车成为有史以来最受欢迎的独创。分析句子可知，此处是现在分词做结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故填making。7.考查介词。句意：当我们想到一些国家，比如荷兰，我们想象着成百上千的人骑自行车到处跑。依据上文“Whenwethinkofsomecountries,”及下文中“theNetherlands”可知，此处表示列举，介词like，意为“像”，符合题意。故填like。8.考查it作形式主语。句意：不行能看不到商人、农夫、母亲或工人骑着自行车在街上行走。分析句子可知，句式“It+is/was+形容词+todosth.”，不定式为真正的主语，it为形式主语。本句中真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，所以此处是it做形式主语，故填it。9.考查非谓语。句意：自行车是在19世纪独创的，从那以后就没有什么变更了。分析句子可知，本句中已有谓语“haven'tchanged”，所以此处要用非谓语；句子主语“Bicycles”与动词“invent”为动宾关系，所以要用过去分词做后置定语，故填invented。10.考查名词。句意：今日，我们用自行车来消遣，健身，奥林匹克竞赛，邮件递送等等。分析句子，结合上文中“for”，可知此处要用名词作宾语，和之前的名词“pleasure,fitness,Olympiccompetitions,”构成并列，故填delivery。第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节(满分15分)46.假定你是李华，最近你的美国挚友Leo在与父母相处的过程中遇到一些困惑，沟通也出现问题。他心情不佳，来信寻求你的帮助和建议。请依据以下要点给他写一封信：1.劝慰挚友；2.介绍自己与家人沟通的状况；3.提出改善家庭关系的建议。留意:1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。DearLeo,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestregards,LiHua【答案】DearLeo,Iamsorrytohearaboutyourcommunicationproblemswithyourparents,butIknowhowyoufeelsinceI'vehadsimilarproblemsbefore.Icanoffersomeusefulsuggestionsbasedonmyownexperience.First,let'sputourselvesintheirshoes.Parentsloveusandoftentrytopreventusmakingmistakesthatseemobvioustothem.Whenweshareourproblemswiththem,weoftenlookforalisteningearandanopenheart,notasolution.Therefore,whatyouneedistotellthemaboutthisdifferenceandtrustthem.Ihopethesesuggestionswillmakeadifferencetoyou.Bestregards,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给美国挚友Leo写封信，他在与父母相处过程中遇到一些困惑，沟通也出现问题，你就此向他提出一些建议。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：依据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式支配所写内容。要求：1.劝慰挚友；2.介绍自己与家人沟通的状况；3.提出改善家庭关系的建议。其次步:列提纲（重点词组）hearabout;communication;similar;usefulsuggestion;putoneselfinone’sshoes;prevent;obvious;share…with;lookfor;solution;trust;make