Unit15InaMannerofSpeaking市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件

PartIListening&SpeakingActivitiesPartIIReading&LanguageActivitiesPartIIIExtendedActivitiesUnit15InaMannerofSpeaking1/51BrainstormingListening

SpeakingPartIListening&SpeakingActivities2/51Expressionsofbeingcommonandaverage:typical,commonplace,prevailing,regular,customary,conventional,orthodox,traditional,stereotyped,ritual,routineExpressionsofbeingunconventional:unorthodox,original,individual,idiosyncratic,dissenting,independent-minded,abnormal,odd,queer,unusual,quaint,weird,peculiar,bizarre,curiousExpressionsofmakingculturalmistakes:fauxpas,misconception,misinterpretation,misunderstanding,blunder,slip-up,aslipofthetongue,gaffe

Brainstorming(1)3/51Expressionsofculturalconflicts:culturaldifferences,culturalshock,culturalclashes,culturaldivides

Brainstorming(2)Expressionsforshowingsympathyincross-culturalcommunication:betolerantaboutdifferences,besympatheticto,pardonsb.forignorance,forgiveunintentionaloffences,mutualunderstanding,beopen-minded,beindulgenttosb4/51WhatdoyouknowabouttheculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandWesterncountries,especiallyEnglishspeakingcountries?Howcanonecopewithculturaldifferences?Cross-culturalAwareness5/51DoyouknowanydifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweentheEastandtheWestinconnotations(涵义)thatcolourshold?

Colours:Eastvs.West(1)Chinese:happiness,luck,glory,power,etc.(e.g.红运、红利、红榜、红人、红头文件)English:terror,war,ordebt.(e.g.gointoredink;beinred;redtape)Note:green-eyed;begreenwithenvyBothderogatorymeanings(e.g.blackmarket,blackmail,blacksheep,黑市、黑帮、黑心)

English:unhappinessorfear(e.g.beintheblues,feelblue,turnbluewithfear)Chinese:peace,tranquility,harmony6/51Colours:Eastvs.West(2)English:royalty,luxury,wealth,andsophistication(e.g.beborntothepurple)Chinese:goodluckorsuccess(e.g.紫气东来、红

得发紫)

Note:TheancientChineseroyalcolorwasyellow.Wedding:

whiteweddingdress-innocenceandpurity

reddress-happinessandaprosperouslifeFuneral:black-quietnessandsolemnness

white-sadnessandcommemoration

7/51ChineseIdeology:

collectivismCommunicationbeataboutthebushResponsetoapraise:“No,I’mnotgoodenough.”Food:

taste,color,shape,texture好吃Subjectforconversation:personalaffairsSenseoftime

lesspunctualWesternIdeology:individualismCommunication:callaspadeaspadeResponsetoapraise:“Thanks.I’msohappythatyousaythat.”Food:balanceofnutrition吃好Taboosinconversation:

personalquestionsSenseoftime:uptotimeMoreDifferences8/51Expressone’sopinionsLifestylePunctualityInterpersonalrelations9/51ExpressangerQueuingEgoInarestaurant10/51SightseeingEncounteringobstaclesThreemealsadayAnelder’scompany11/51leadershipChild12/51Pre-listeningquestions:

(1)Whatdoyouthinkofforeignteachers?(2)WhatdifficultiesdoyousupposetheywouldprobablymeetwithinChinaorinteaching?(3)WhatcantheChineselearnfromthem?(4)WhatcantheylearnfromtheChinese?Listening--ForeignteachersinChinaListentotherecordingandanswerthefollowingquestions:(1)AccordingtoLuXun,inwhattwowayshaveChinesepeoplelookedatforeigners?

-eitherlookinguptothemasgodsordownonthemasbeasts.13/51(2)Howdoesthespeakerexplainthestatement“foreignersinChinalivethebestandworstoflives”?-theyfeeltheyareboth________________and______inthestruggleofanancientculturenowboth________and_______Westernization.Itistruethatsometimestheyaretreatedlikea____________,butveryoftentheyfeeltheywere_________________,welcomedand_________________.(3)Whydostudentsandteachersfeelthesecontradictionsmorekeenlythanmost?

-theyenterintothedeepestsocialrelationshipinChinesecultureotherthanthatoffamily.Yettheyenterasoutsiders.(4)Whatareitscostanditsprize?-anexperienceaspowerfulinitsjoyasitsfrustrations;anunderstandingclosertothecentreofChineselifethananyoneelsecanclaim.honouredindividualspawnsembracingresistingKingorQueenmadeintobuffoonskeptatarm’slength14/51(5)Whatkindoffrustrationsawaitforeignlanguageteachers?-suddenchangesincourseschedules,lackoftextbooks,ignoranceofthefundamentalsandfoundationsofWesternHighCulture.(6)Whatmightbethereason?

-theprimarymotivetomajorinaforeignlanguageistogetagoodpayingjob.ToofewhavearealinteresttoknowWesternculture,itshistory,itsartisticandintellectualtraditionsfortheirownsake.(7)Whyiscross-culturalunderstandingimportantforChinaanditspeople?-cross-cultural_____ofunderstandingisnecessaryforChinaasaworldpowerto_____inthe21stcentury’sglobalcultureandglobaleconomy;and__________understandingcandeepone’s_______,expandone’s__________offoreignways,increaseone’s_____________,andcanleadtoan________ofwhat___________meantwhenhesaid“_______________,brothersandsisters”depththrivecross-culturalhumanitytoleranceintellectualdepthawarenessConfuciusAllunderHeaven15/51(8)WhatotherproblemsandnovelthingsmayforeignteachersencounterinChina?-relativephysicaldeprivation:withoutheatorelectricity,littleornoaccesstocarsoreveningentertainmenttasteinedibleobjectsfromseaslugstodogs;experienceexoticsights,soundsandsmells;learnaboutovercrowdingandlifeinaneconomyofscarcity(9)Whatwillhappentothemsinceforeignersarearacialminority?

-theywillbestaredatandpointedatandendlesslyinterrogatedabouttheirageandincome.(10)WhatarethethreethingsaboutChinathatintrigueforeigners?-itswarmpeople,astonishinglandscapeandfascinatingculture.16/51Pre-readingTaskReadtheTextWords&ExpressionsLanguageWork(C)PartIIReading&LanguageActivities17/51Wouldyoumarryaforeigner?Whyorwhynot?Whataretheadvantagesandchallengersofacross-culturemarriage?Tobeagoodcommunicatorincross-culturalcommunication,whatelementsareimportantbesideshavingagoodcommandofthelanguage?Pre-readingTaskWhichvarietyofEnglishdoyouspeak?DoyouknowanydifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish?"TheAmericansareidenticaltotheBritishinallrespectsexcept,ofcourse,language.“(OscarWilde)"We(theBritishandAmericans)aretwocountriesseparatedbyacommonlanguage.“(G.B.Shaw)

18/51

UScolorflavorcheckcentermaneuvertireagingjailtraveled/travelerstory/storiedwagontoward

GBcolourflavourchequecentremanoeuvretyreageinggaoltravelled/travellerstorey/storeyedwaggontowardsSPELLING19/51

USfallbaggagecookiestoregasolinetrucksidewalkdoghousegroundbeefbedspreadeggplantbabycarriagegarbagetruckfreighttrain

GBautumnluggagebiscuitshoppetrollorrypavementkennelmincecounterpaneauberginepramdustcartgoodstrainVOCABULARY＆USAGE(1)20/51

USmailaletterpleasewriteme.rentacarontheweekendartmuseuminstallmentplanstreet-car,trolley-careraserthefirstfloorskilletrestroom,washroompantspantssweatertwoweeks

GBpostaletterPleasewritetome.hireacarattheweekendartgalleryhire-purchasetram(-car),trolleybusrubberthegroundfloorfryingpanlavatory,toilettrousersunderwearpantsjumperafortnightVOCABULARY＆USAGE(2)21/511.(US)Englandhas(...)playedwelltoday,evenifitlost.(GB)Englandhaveplayedwelltoday,eveniftheylost.2.(GB)Haveyougotyourgradeinhistoryyet?(US)Haveyougottenyourgradeinhistoryyet?3.(GB)WelivedintheHighStreet.(US)WelivedonMainStreet.

4.(GB)Ihavegotacar.(U.S.)Ihaveacar.Igotacar.(differentimplications)5.(GB)Oneisdifferenttotheother.

(US)Oneisdifferentthantheother.(Common)Oneisdifferentfromtheother.GRAMMAR22/51Questionsforskimming:1.Whatistheauthor’sintentionofwritingthistext?-topresentthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.2.Whattonehasbeengenerallyadoptedbytheauthor?

-humorous.Questionsforclosereading:1.WhydomanyAmericansfindthemselveslinguisticallyuncomfortablewhentheyarriveintheUK?-TheirmothertongueisinadequateindealingwiththecomplexityoftheEnglishlanguage.Theirutteranceismerelyasortofvocalnoiseandisregardedasquaintandimprecise,andatworstasmisleadingandnoisy.Readthetext–InaMannerofSpeaking23/512.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwashavinglunchatacountryclub?3.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofOscarWilde’scomment?Whodoeshethinkshouldberesponsibleforthelinguisticgapwithinthesamelanguage?Why?-“hecouldn’thavebeenmoreright.”ItisentirelythefaultoftheBritish.Firstofall,theyalwaystakedelightinperplexingforeigners.Inaddition,manyofthedifferenceswereintentionallycreatedbytheBritishbecausetheywantedtocreatesomelinguisticdifferencestodistancethemselvesasparentnationfromtheircolonialoffspring.4.WhatexamplesdidtheauthorusetogivecredencetohisclaimthattheBritishtakeapleasureinconfusingforeigners?-cricketmatch,nonsenseverse,off-the-wallhumour,nowrittenconstitution,celebratingtheQueen’sbirthdayinJune,alanguageasineffablyillogicalandidiosyncraticasEnglish(e.g.differentwaysofpronunciationof“ough”,“goodbye”from“God-be-with-you”,“colonel”pronouncedwith“r”)24/515.HowhavetheBritishtriedtodistancethemselvesfromtheAmericans,theircolonialoffspring?Examples?-pronouncing“lieutanent”,“tomato”,“waistcoat”differently,“thefirstfloor”torefertotheupstairsfloor,“underwear”,“cookie”,“linctus”,etc.6.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“halfabeatbehindinalmostanyconversation”Whatcausesthesituationtoarise?

-AmericanshavetotakealongertimethanusualtomakeouttheexactmeaningofwhattheirBritishpartnershaveuttered,becauseoftheBriton’sstrangewaysofpronouncingcertainvowelsandconsonants.7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheremarkintheguidebookAnAnglo-AmericanInterpreter?-Thoughhethinksitisanexaggerationanddoesnotbelieveit,thewriteradmitsthatdifferencesinvocabularycanmakecommunicationbetweenBritonsandAmericansdifficultandcauseendlessconfusion.25/515.HowhavetheBritishtriedtodistancethemselvesfromtheAmericans,theircolonialoffspring?Examples?-pronouncing“lieutanent”,“tomato”,“waistcoat”differently,“thefirstfloor”torefertotheupstairsfloor,“underwear”,“cookie”,“linctus”,etc.6.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“halfabeatbehindinalmostanyconversation”Whatcausesthesituationtoarise?

-AmericanshavetotakealongertimethanusualtomakeouttheexactmeaningofwhattheirBritishpartnershaveuttered,becauseoftheBriton’sstrangewaysofpronouncingcertainvowelsandconsonants.7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheremarkintheguidebookAnAnglo-AmericanInterpreter?-Thoughhethinksitisanexaggerationanddoesnotbelieveit,thewriteradmitsthatdifferencesinvocabularycanmakecommunicationbetweenBritonsandAmericansdifficultandcauseendlessconfusion.26/518.HowdoestheauthorargueforthesuperiorityofAmericanEnglishinitsclarityofmeaning?-Americanexpressionsarenearlyalwaysself-explanatory.EvenifyouhaveneverbeentotheU.S.,youarelikelytofigureoutthemeaningofanexpression.E.g.sidewalk(self-evident)vs.pavement(offeringnohintofitsmeaning)9.WhatisthepeculiarhabitoftheBritishpeopleintheirdiscourse?

-Theyneversaywhattheymean.Theirspeechisoftencharacterizedbystudiedambiguity.Sometimesthemeaningcouldbefarfromitsliteralmeaning(aflightfromliteralness);sometimesthemeaningcouldbepreciselyoppositetowhatissaid.10.WhathastheauthorlearnedafterhemarriedhisBritishwife?

-tableamotion;courgette,aubergine,pudding,momentarily,“Youareabrick”,“Bob’syouruncle”.27/51Irishplaywright,poetandauthorofnumerousshortstoriesandonenovelThePictureofDorianGray(《道林·格雷画像》).Knownforhisbitingwit,oneofthemostsuccessfulplaywrightsofthelateVictorianerainLondon,andoneofthegreatestcelebritiesofhisday.TheImportanceofBeingEarnest(《贵在真诚》).Aestheticism:inthelateVictorianperiodfromaround1868to1901generallyconsideredtohaveendedwiththetrialofOscarWilde(whichoccurredin1895).adramaticdownfall-imprisonedfortwoyearshardlabourafterbeingconvictedof"grossindecency"withothermen.AfterWildewasreleasedfromprisonhesetsailforDieppebythenightferry.HeneverreturnedtoIrelandorBritain.OscarWilde(1854–1900)Weareallinthegutter,butsomeofusarelookingatthestars.我们都在阴沟里，但仍有些人仰视星空。28/51Sometimesknownas“theQueen'sBirthday”,celebratedasapublicholidayinseveralCommonwealthcountries.Theexactdatevariesfromcountrytocountry,anditdoesnotusuallymarktherealbirthdayofthesovereign.MostCommonwealthRealmsreleaseaBirthdayHonoursList(英国女王生日荣誉清单)atthistime.Queen'sOfficialBirthday

29/51IntheUnitedKingdom,theQueen'sOfficialBirthdayisnowcelebratedonthefirst,second,orthird

SaturdayinJune.TheQueen'sOfficialBirthdaydoesnotcoincidewithwhenshewasborn(21April1926).ItistheAnniversaryofherCoronationonJune2,1952.

ItismarkedinLondonbytheceremonyofTroopingtheColour(皇家军队阅兵),whichisalsoknownastheQueen'sBirthdayParade.30/51InBritishdiplomaticmissionsthedayistreatedastheNationalDayoftheUnitedKingdom.AlthoughitisnotcelebratedasaspecificpublicholidayintheUK(asitisnotaworkingday),civilservantsaregivena"privilegeday"atthistimeofyear,whichisoftenmergedwiththeSpringBankHoliday(lastMondayinMay)tocreatealongweekend,whichwaspartlycreatedtocelebratetheAnniversaryoftheMonarch'sCoronation.31/51beuptodoingsth.[physicallyormentallycapableofsth]

e.g.Idon’tfeeluptothejob.intricacies[complicateddetails]

e.g.Ienjoyedthefilm,butIcouldn'tfollowalltheintricaciesoftheplot.unsettling[disturbing,causinganxiety]

e.g.Oneofthefilm'smanyunsettlingimagesisofachildplayingwithherfather'sgun.atbest…,atworst…

[最好能/会…,最坏能/会…]e.g.Thefoodwasblandatbest,andatworstcompletelyinedible.innocuous[completelyharmless]e.g.Somemushroomslookinnocuousbutareinfactpoisonous.Words&Expressions(1)32/51charge…with…[fill…withemotionsorfeelings]e.g.Theroomwaschargedwithhatred.consult[referto]

e.g.Hepausedtoconsulthisnotes,andthenproceededwithhisquestions.foreboding

[afeelingthatsomethingverybadisgoingtohappensoon]

e.g.There'sasenseofforebodinginthecapital,asiffightingmightatanyminutebreakout.bewithsb.[understandwhatsomeoneissaying]

e.g.Youlookpuzzled-areyouwithme?standone’sground[refusetobepushedbackwards,ortomaintainyourbeliefsinanargument]e.g.ClarestoodhergroundinthemeetingandrefusedtobeintimidatedevenwhenMichaelgotangry.

Words&Expressions(2)33/51unwitting[unintentional]perplex[confuse,bewilder,puzzle]takeapleasureindoing…

[takedelightin…]

e.g.Whydosomanyboystakepleasureintorturinginsectsandsmallanimals.off-the-wall[outlandish,eccentric,freaky]ineffably[unutterably]idiosyncratic[peculiartotheindividual]e.g.Thefilm,3hourslong,isdirectedinhisusualidiosyncraticstyle.withoutthefaintesthintof…[withoutdemonstratingabitof…]

Words&Expressions(3)34/51self-consciousness[uneasiness,embarrassment]spawn[cause…togrow]

e.g.Theneweconomicfreedomhasspawnedhundredsofnewsmallbusinesses.distance…from…[makeoneselfbecomelessinvolvedorconnectedwith…]e.g.Theleaderhasrecentlydistancedhimselffromtheextremistsintheparty.datefrom[datebackto]

e.g.ThehistoryofpubliceducationintheUnitedStatesdatesfromthesocietyoftheearlypioneers.withthebestwillintheworld[“IwouldliketoifIpossiblycould”尽管想往好处做]

e.g.Withthebestwillintheworld,Ican'temployhimintheshopunlessIcantrusthim.

Words&Expressions(4)35/51taketodoing…[startdoing…habitually]

e.g.He'stakentostayingoutverylate.lopoff[cutoff]dispensewith[getridofsomethingorsomeoneorstopusingthembecauseyoudonotneedthem]e.g.They'vehadtodispensewithalotofluxuriessinceMikelosthisjob.inconsequence[asaresult]halfabeatbehind...[慢半拍]goso/asfarastodo…[gotoextremeorsurprisinglimitsindealingwithsth]

e.g.Iwouldn’tgoasfarastosaythathe’saliar.

Words&Expressions(5)36/51muddled[(ofthings)badlyorganized;(ofaperson)confused]

e.g.Hebecameincreasinglymuddledashegrewolder.tally[arecordorcountofanumberofitems]

e.g.Willyoukeepatallyofthenumberofcustomersgoinginandout?onthefaceofthings[从表面情况来说]acquaintance[apersonthatyouhavemetbutdonotknowwell]inquireofsbaboutsth.[asksb.aboutsth.]

e.g.Thedirectorinquiredofmeaboutourwork.ShallIinquireaboutthepriceoftickets?

Acommitteewasappointedtoinquireintotheallegations.

Words&Expressions(6)37/51telling

[adj.showingthetruthaboutasituationorshowingwhatsomeonereallythinks]e.g.Thenumberofhomelesspeopleisatellingcommentonthestateofsociety.

self-explanatory[easilyunderstoodfromtheinformationalreadygivenandnotneedingfurtherexplanation]make/haveagamestabat…[attempttodosomethingrisky]

e.g.I'dnevertriedsnorkellingbeforebutIhadastabatitwhileIwasinGreece.quintessential[mosttypicalorimportant]unsolicited[notrequested]studied[adj.(onlybeforenoun)deliberatelyandintentionallydone]

e.g.Shespokewithstudiedpoliteness.

Words&Expressions(7)38/51Given…[Considering…]

e.g.Givenhisage,he'saremarkablyfastrunner.

Given(thefact)thataprospectivestudentisbombardedbyprospectuses,selectingasuitablecourseisnoteasy.makeagaffe[makeafauxpas]e.g.Imadearealgaffe-Icalledhisnewwife'Judy'whichisthenameofhisex-wife.nuances

[slightdifference]

e.g.Thepainterhasmanagedtocaptureeverynuanceofthewoman'sexpression.fathom[understand]liken…to…[considerassimilar]e.g.Lifecanbelikenedtoajourneywithanunknowndestination.Words&Expressions(8)39/51beequivalentto…[equalinvalue,amount,meaning,importance]e.g.Is$50equivalenttoabout£30?dropby/in[visit]

e.g.Dropbyandpickupthatbooksometime.

Words&Expressions(9)40/511.a.IhavenothingincommonwithJane.b.ShesaidJohnhadalotincommonwithTombutIthinktheyarequitedifferent.c.“Howmuchdoyoutwohaveincommon?”Johnasked.2.a.Thosenaughtyboystakepleasureintorturingsmallanimals.b.Thesnobbishmantookgreatpleasureinremindingusofourpoverty.c.Heisanarrogantpersonandtakesgreatdelightinprovingotherswrong.3.a.Thesestonesdatefromthedaysofthedinosaurs.b.ThistraditiondatesfrommedievaltimesasfarasIknow.c.Thepresentcityhalldatesbacktothe1880s.LanguageWork(C-1)41/514.a.He’stakentosmokingcigars,sleepinglateandgoingoutforawalkintheevening.b.Myfathertooktoeatingmorevegetableswhenhelearnedthattoomuchfatwasharmfultohisheart.c.Hehastakentowearingleatherjacketssincehemovedtothispartofthecountry.5.a.TheirDepartmentofCommerceisequivalenttoourBureauofEconomicDevelopment.b.$100isequivalenttoabout£60.c.Hisbehaviorwasequivalenttotreason.6.a.Ifyouareinthisarea,pleasedropbyforacupoftea.b.Ifthere’sanythingyouwanttosee,justdropby.c.WhenI’vefinishedshopping,I’lldropbyforachat.LanguageWork(C-2)42/51DictationReadMoreWords&ExpressionsTranslationCulturalInformationPartIIIExtendedActivities43/51MostEuropeancountrieshavemulti-racialsocietiesowingbothtohistoricalandgeographicalfactors.Militaryconquests,persecutionandeconomichardshiphaveallcontributedtowavesofimmigration.EarlyBritishhistoryhighlightstheinfluenceoftheRomans,theVikings,theSaxonsandtheNormans.Morerecently,wehaveopenedourdoorstopeoplefromourformercoloniesseekingjobs,refugeesseekingpoliticalasylumandothermembersoftheEuropeanCommunity.RacialintegrationhasbeensuccessfulinmanyareasofBritain.Intermarriagebetweenpeopleofsimilarculturesisnowverycommon.ThepopularityofChineseandIndianfoodandsupportforeventssuchastheNottingHillCarnivalshowafurtheracceptanceofcultural

differences.However,goodracerelationshaveprovedmoredifficultwheretherehasbeenlarge-scale

immigrationinvolvingdissimilarcultures,especiallyinareasofsocialdeprivation-forexample,wherethereispoorhousingandhighunemployment.Notonlydoimmigrantsbecomescapegoatsfortheproblemsoftheseareas,butthey,themselves,maybereluctanttointegrateforreasonsofreligionorculturalidentity.Dictation44/51Questionsforreadingcomprehension:1.Whatproblemsoncebotheredthewriterwhenshewasseeingherguestsoff?-Shecouldn’tfindtherightphrasestosay.AllshecoulddowastosmileandbowlikeaJapanese.2.WhatarethecharacteristicfeaturesofpartingsfortheChinese?

-Partingsinvolveacertainamountofritualandagreatdealofone-upmanship;theChinesefeeltheymustseeaguestofftothefarthestfeasiblepoint;foralessimportantorperhapsayoungerguest,thehostessmaysimplysay“Iwon’tseeyouoff,allright?”andtheguestwillassurethehostthathewouldneverthinkofputtinghimtothetroubleofseeinghimoff.Ifthegustisimportant,thehostorthehostess,orboth,willinsistonseeinghim/heroff,disregardingtheguest’srepeatedprotestsof“Don’tbothertoseemeoff.”Eveniftheguesttriestogoquickertodiscouragethehostfromfollowing,thehoststillendeavourstoshowhishospitalitybyquickeninghisstepsaswell.ReadMore–StraddlingCulturalDivideswithGrace(1)45/513.Inadditiontopartings,whatarethethreeexamplestheauthorusestoillustratetheculturaldifferencesbetweentheChineseandAmericans?

-theresponsetocompliments;theparents’attitudetotheachievementsoftheirchildren;theChinesetakepridein“modesty”whereasAmericansvalue“straightforwardness”.4.Whatsuggestiondoestheauthoroffertodealwiththisissue(culturaldifferences)?

-CulturaldifferencesshouldbestudieduponbeforeinteractingwithChinesesoastolearnthesignalsandhowtorespond.ReadMore–StraddlingCulturalDivideswithGrace(2)46/51Words&ExpressionsSth.willdo[beenough,acceptable,suitablefor…]e.g.Willthisroomdoorwouldyoupreferonewithashower?smoothover[makeproblems,difficultiesordisagreementslessseriousoreasiertosolve]

e.g.Wouldyoulikemetotrytosmooththingsoverbetweenyouandyourparents?fluster[nervousnessandconfusion]e