群文阅读与练习-2 高三英语一轮复习

1TheFIFAWorldCupTrophy（国际足联世界杯奖杯）isarguablyoneofthemosticonic（标志性的）prizesinthesportingworld.Sofar,twodifferenttrophieshavebeenusedinthehistoryoftheFIFAWorldCups.2TheJulesRimetTrophywasthefirsttrophyawardedtothewinnersoftheFIFAWorldCups.Initially,theoldtrophywasoriginallynamed“Victory”.However,thistrophywasrenamed“theJulesRimetTrophy”in1946.ThischangewasmadetohonorformerFIFApresidentJulesRimet,whowasvotedtoorganizethefirstFIFAWorldCupin1930.FrenchsculptorAbelLafleurdesignedthetrophyin1930.Thetrophywasabout14inchesinheightandweighedabout8.4pounds.ItwascomprisedofawingedrepresentationofNike,theGreekgoddessofVictoryandwasinspiredbytheNikeofSamothracestatue.3Uruguaybecamethefirstchampionandkeptthetrophyin1930.ThetrophywaseventuallyretiredwhenBrazilwontheWorldCupfinalforthethirdtimein1970.FollowingtheirsuccessinMexico,Brazilwasallowedtokeepthetrophypermanently.However,theoriginaltrophywasstolenforasecondtimein1983.Itwasneverrecovered,anditwasclaimedthatithadbeenmelteddownintogoldbars.FollowingtheretirementoftheJulesRimetTrophy,FIFAneededanewcup.Eventually,ItalianartistSilvioGazzaniga'sdesignwasselectedasthenewWorldCuptrophy.4ThemodernFIFAWorldCuptrophydescribestwohumanfiguresholdingtheearthontopoftheirheads.Thebaseofthetrophyhas“FIFAWorldCup”engraved（雕刻）.Furthermore,followingeveryWorldCup,thenameofthewinningteamandthewinningyeararealsoengravedatthebase.Thetrophyweighsabout13.61pounds.UnliketheJulesRimetTrophy,thewinningnationsandfuturewinnersdon'tgettoholdtheoriginaltrophyanymore.ThenewregulationsstatethatitremainsinFIFA'spossession.Instead,winnersaregivenagold-platedbronzereplica（青铜复制品）providedbyFIFA.WestGermanywasthefirstnationtoliftthemodernWorldCuptrophyin1974.5Thenewtrophycanholduptoseventeennamesandyearsandislikelytoberetiredfollowingthe2038WorldCup.ReadingCheck1.WhywasthefirstWorldCuptrophyrenamed?A.TorememberthedesigneroftheWorldCup.B.Towelcomeanewglobalsoccerevent.C.ToexpandthepopularityoftheWorldCup.D.ToshowgreatrespectfortheformerFIFApresident.2.WhichcountryhaswontheJulesRimetTrophythreetimes?A.Italy.B.Mexico.C.Brazil.D.Uruguay.3.HowisthemodernFIFAWorldCuptrophydifferentfromthepreviousone?A.Itismadeofgoldandbronze.B.ItisownedbyFIFAinsteadofthewinners.C.Itbearstheword“Victory”atthebottom.D.Itvariesthedesigneveryseventeenyears.4.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.TherulesoftheWorldCup.B.TheshapeofthemodernWorldCuptrophyanditsnewrules.C.ThegrowingtrendofwatchingtheWorldCup.D.TheinspirationtocreatetheWorldCuptrophy.LanguageStudyI.DifficultsentenceinthetextThischangewasmadetohonorformerFIFApresidentJulesRimet,whowasvotedtoorganizethefirstFIFAWorldCupin1930.这一改变是为了纪念国际足联前主席雷米特，他在1930年被推荐组织了第一届国际足联世界杯。【点石成金】本句是一个主从复合句，句中的who引导的是非限制性定语从句，who在从句中作主语。Ⅱ.Text-centeredchunksbecomprisedof由……组成meltdown熔化goldbar金条humanfigure人像belikelytodo很有可能做……1OneofRussia'smostactivevolcanoeserupted,launchingamassivegraycloudintotheairandcoatingnearbyvillagesinathicklayerofash.2TheeruptionofShiveluch,avolcanoonRussia'sKamchatkaPeninsula,wasnotimmediatelyreportedtocauseanydeaths.Butscientistssaidthefalloutcovered108,000squarekilometersandpromptedacoderedwarningforflights.“Theashreached20kilometershigh,”saidDanilaChebrov,directoroftheKamchatkabranchoftheGeophysicalServiceofRussianAcademyofSciences.“Theashcloudmovedwestwards,andtherewasaverystrongfallofashonnearbyvillages.”3TheKamchatkaPeninsula,a270,000-square-kilometerareawithapopulationofabout300,000inRussia'sfareast,hasmorethan300volcanoes—including29volcanoesthatareactive.TheVolcanoesofKamchatkaareconsideredoneofthemostoutstandingvolcanicregionsintheworldandwerelistedasaWorldHeritagesite,accordingtoUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization(UNESCO).4Withatleast60eruptionsduringthepast11,700years,ShiveluchisoneofKamchatka'slargestandmostactivevolcanoes.MichiganTechnologicalUniversity'svolcanologistSimonCarnsaidthatthelatesteruptionwaslikelyShiveluch'slargestsincethedawnofsatellites.5ShiveluchbeganeruptingjustaftermidnightonApril11,2023,dumpingabouteightcentimetersofashonKlyuchi,theclosestvillage,locatedabout50kilometersaway.“Theroadsarecompletelyterrible,”saidlocalresidentVeraMayorova.“It'sverydifficulttotakethekidstothekindergarten.Pupilsatschoolsarestudyingathome.It'simpossibletowalkoutsidebecauseoftheash-fall(降灰).”6Residentsalsoreportedtheirtapwaterhadturnedashgrayincolor,promptingauthoritiestodeliverbottledwater.Theeruptionwaslikelypowerfulenoughtoshootvolcanicmaterialintothestratosphere(平流层),whichcouldhaveatemporarycoolingeffect.7ThegovernorofKamchatka,VladimirSolodov,saidmassevacuation(疏散)wasnotnecessarybutexplainedthatschoolswouldswitchtoremoteclassesforthedurationoftheaftermath(后续影响)ofthedisaster.“Asmuchaspossible,stayathome,”hesaid.ReadingCheckl1.WhatcanweknowaboutShiveluchfromthetext?A.Theeruptionofitcausesmanydeaths.B.ItisKamchatka'slargestactivevolcano.C.ItisoneofKamchatka'smostactivevolcanoes.D.Theeruptionofitpreventseveryonegoingoutside.2.Howhighdidtheashcloudfromtheeruptionreach?A.20kilometers.B.50kilometers.C.108,000kilometers.D.270,000kilometers.t3.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Theexplanationofanoutstandingvolcano.B.TheKamchatkaPeninsula'slargepopulaion.C.TheKamchatkaPeninsula'smanyvolcanoes.D.TheintroductiontotheVolcanoesofKamchatka.4.WhatisdifficultfortheresidentsofKlyuchi?A.Goingtoschool.B.Alwaysstayingathome.C.Massevacuation.D.Muchhightemperature.LanguageStudyDifficultsentencesinthetext1.MichiganTechnologicalUniversity'svolcanologistSimonCarnsaidthatthelatesteruptionwaslikelyShiveluch'slargestsincethedawnofsatellites.密歇根理工大学的火山学家西蒙·卡恩说，最近的这次喷发可能是自卫星出现以来舍维留奇火山最大的一次喷发。【点石成金】句中的that引导的是宾语从句；since在句中意为“自从”，since...satellites作状语。2.Theeruptionwaslikelypowerfulenoughtoshootvolcanicmaterialintothestratosphere,whichcouldhaveatemporarycoolingeffect.这次喷发的威力可能足以将火山物质喷射到平流层，这可能会产生暂时的冷却效果。【点石成金】句中的which引导的是定语从句，并在从句中作主语；belikelyto意为“很有可能”。卡车来庆生1Beingpartofacommunitycanhelppeoplefeellessaloneinlife.Oliver,fromNewZealand,isonly7yearsold,buthesometimesfeelsleftoutanddifferentfromtheotherkidsheknows.Foronething,helovestrucksmorethantoys,videogames,oranythingelseotherkidstendtolike.Oliverspendsalotoftimethinkingabouttrucks.Hegetsthetruckingmagazineeverymonth.Allhewantstodoisbeatruckdriveroneday.2AsOliver'sbirthdaydrewnear,hismomwantedtodosomethingtomakehersonfeelincludedinsociety,insteadoffeelinglikehewasontheoutsidelookingin.Shesharedasimplepostonsocialmediaaskingifanytruckerswouldgivehersonarideintheirtrucksfor$50.Shegotawholelotmorethanshebargainedfor!3Shehopedjustonetruckerwouldseethepostandrespond.Instead,BarryHartsawherpost.Heownsalotoftrucksandknowsalotoftruckdrivers.Heaskedallthetruckdriversheknewintheareatoturnupforatruckrally(集会)incelebrationofOliver'sbirthday.Thirty-fourdriverssigneduprightaway,butonthebigday,moretrucksshowedup!4Someofthetruckdrivershaddrivenmorethan75milesoutoftheirwaytobethereforOliver!Attheendoftheday,about65driversbroughttheirtruckstoOliver'sbirthdayparty,andnoneofthemacceptedanymoneyfortheirtimeorexpenses.5Oliverwascompletelysurprisedbythetruckrally,andhewas“literallyblownaway”byallofthetruckerswhoshowedtheirsupport.“Hisreactionalldaywilljustbesunshineineverybody'seyes,”saidhisfather.“Tobeperfectlyhonest,todayhasmeantmorethanwecouldhaveeverimagined.Howonelittlepostonsocialmediacangotowhathasbeenachievedtodayisabsolutelygreat,and‘thankyou’justdoesn'tcoverwhat'shappenedtoday.”ReadingCheck1.WhydoesOliversometimesfeelleftout?A.Hedoesn'tlikehiscommunity.B.Hehasnofriendsinhiscommunity.C.Hewantsatruckasabirthdaygiftbutfails.D.Hehasas