《计算机专业英语》课件第9章

UNIT9

TOPICS

TEXTWhatIsMultimedia?

EXERCISES

SUPPLEMENTARYWhereIsVirtualReality?

CONVERSATION8ProverbsforBusinessNegotiationWRITINGHowtoWriteaNoticeoranInviationLetterTOPICS

Whatismultimedia?

Whatarethebasicelementsofmultimediaonacomputer?

WhataretherequirementsofamultimediaPC?

Whatdoesmultimediado?

Whatdoyouthinkofthefutureofmultimedia?

Whatisthedifferencebetweenvectorandbitmap

graphics?

Doyouknowaboutsomeimage/videoeditingsoftware?

Businessnegotiationskills.

Howtowriteanoticeoraninvitationletter?

Multimediaissimplymultipleformsofmediaintegratedtogether.Mediacanbetext,graphics,audio,animation,video,data,etc.AnexampleofmultimediaisawebpageonthetopicofMozartthathastextregardingthecomposeralongwithanaudiofileofsomeofhismusicandcanevenincludeavideoofhismusicbeingplayedinahall.TEXT

WhatIsMultimedia?

Multimediaitselfhasitsbinaryaspects.Aswithallmoderntechnologies,itismadefromamixofhardwareandsoftware,machineandideas.Moreimportantly,youcanconceptuallydividetechnologyandfunctionofmultimediaintocontrolsystemsandinformation.Theenablingforcebehindmultimediaisdigitaltechnology.Multimediarepresentstheconvergenceofdigitalcontrolanddigitalmedia—thePCasthedigitalcontrolsystemandthedigitalmediabeingtoday’smostadvancedformofaudioandvideostorageandtransmission.Infact,somepeopleseemultimediasimplyasthemarriageofPCsandvideo.PCpowerhasreachedalevelclosetothatneededforprocessiontelevisionandsounddatastreamsinrealtime,multimediawasborn.MultimediaPCneedstobemorepowerfulthanmainstreamcomputer—atleastthemultimediaPCdefinesthemainstream.AmongcontemporaryPCs,abouttheonlythingsthatseparateanordinarycomputerfrommultimediaareasoundboardandaCD-ROMdriver.TheCDservesasmultimedia’schiefstorageandexchangemedium.WithouttheconvenientCD,thePCindustrywouldlackameansofdistributingthehundredsofmegabytesofaudio,visual,andtextualdatathatmakeuptoday’smultimediatitles.WithoutCD,youcouldn’tbuymultimediabecausepublishershavenowayofgettingittoyou.

Sowhatismultimedia?Bynowyoushouldagreethatmultimediaisn’tanyonethingbutacomplexentitythatinvolvesthemanythings:hardware,software,andtheinterfacewheretheymeet.Butwe’veforgottenthemostimportantthingthatmultimediainvolves:you.Yeah,sure.Withmultimedia,youdon’thavetobeapassiverecipient.Youcancontrol.Youcaninteract.Youcanmakeitdowhatyouwantittodo.Itmeansyoucantailoramultimedia

presentationtoyourownneeds.Youcancutthroughthechaffanddigdirectlyintotheimportantdatainareport,pulltogetherreportsandvideoclipsfromaroundtheworldthatinterestyou.That’sthestrengthofmultimediaandwhatdistinguishesitfromtraditionalmedialikebooksandtelevision.

Whatdoesmultimediado?Nowweadvocatedonething.Thethingisthatusemultimediatoexpandtheusesofcomputers.Let’stakealookatsomecertainareas.Multimediacouldhaveadirectimpacttotheseareas:

(1)Computer-basedtraining(CBT)Manycompaniesareturningtomultimediaapplicationstotraintheiremployees.Theyfoundithassavedexpensesandtrainedemployeesmoreeffectivelybyusingamultimediaapplication.

(2)Education

Theessenceofmultimediaistomakecomputersmoreinteresting.Multimediacanmakethelearningprocessmoreinteresting.Soitwillhelpthelearningprocess.

(3)Entertainment

Inmanycases,today’sbestgamesusethegraphicstechnology.Inaddition,writingentertainmentapplications(thatis,games)canbealotoffun.

(4)Informationaccess

Thisistheageofinformation.Weoftenfindnothingwithsomuchinformation.Multimediaprovideseffectivewaystoorganizeinformationandsearchforfacts.

(5)Businesspresentations

Tomanycompanies,presentinginformationtobusinessprofessionalsisarequiredformofcommunication.Applicationsarealreadyavailableforcreatinggreat-lookingpresentations,andthroughmultimediatheseapplicationswillbecomeevenbetterandmoreeffective.

Obviously,multimediahasmanyuses,andtheonlylimitationisyourimagination.

Astechnologyprogresses,sowillmultimedia.Today,thereareplentyofnewmediatechnologiesbeingusedtocreatethecompletemultimediaexperience.Forinstance,virtualrealityintegratesthesenseoftouchwithvideoandaudiomediatoimmerseanindividualintoavirtualworld.OthermediatechnologiesbeingdevelopedincludethesenseofsmellthatcanbetransmittedviatheInternetfromoneindividualtoanother.Today’svideogamesincludebiofeedback.Inthisinstance,ashockorvibrationisgiventothegameplayerwhenheorshecrashesorgetskilledinthegame.Inaddition,ascomputersincreasetheirpower,newwaysofintegratingmedia

willmakethemultimediaexperienceextremelyintricateandexciting.Ⅰ.Matchthetermsandtheinterpretations.1．MultimediaPC(MPC).(a)Areal-time,timelinebasedproprietaryvideoeditingsoftwareapplication.ItispartoftheAdobeCreativeSuite,asuiteofgraphicdesign,videoediting,andwebdevelopmentapplicationsdevelopedbyAdobeSystems,thoughitcanalsobepurchasedseparately.EXERCISES2．Computer-BasedTraining(CBT)(b)  ArecommendedconfigurationforaPCwithasoundboardandaCD-ROMdrive.Thestandardwassetandnamedbythe“MultimediaPCMarketingCouncil”,whichwasaworkinggroupoftheSoftware

PublishersAssociation(nowtheSoftwareandInformationIndustryAssociation).3．VectorGraphics

(c) Atermthatappliestocomputer-simulatedenvironmentsthatcansimulatephysicalpresenceinplacesintherealworld,aswellasinimaginaryworlds.4．AdobePremierePro(d)Theuseofgeometricalprimitivessuchaspoints,lines,curves,andshapesorpolygon(s),whichareallbasedonmathematicalequations,torepresentimagesincomputergraphics.

5．Virtualreality(VR)(e) Synonymstoe-learning.Theinformationandcommunicationsystems,whethernetworkedlearningornot,serveasspecificmediatoimplementthelearningprocess.

Ⅱ.ArethefollowingstatementsTrue(T)orFalse(F)?

1．()Multimediafileformatsarecapableofstoringsoundandvideoinformation.

2．()Vectorfilescontaindatadescribedasmathematicalequations.

3．()Bitmappedimagesoftenhaveacartoon-likeappearance.

4．()Vectorgraphicsarestoredasaverticalandhorizontalarrayofpixels.

5．()Bitmappedimagesaremadeupaseriesof

pixels

inagrid.

6．()Victoriesdrawingscanbeenlargedasmuchasdesired.

7．()Bitmappicturescannotbeenlargedasmuchasdesired.

8．()Videomoviesarelargebeforeandafterrendering,andyouneedalotofspacetosavethem.

9．()Bitmappedimagesare

resolution

independent.

10．()Topvideoeditingsoftwareisapriceypurchase.Ⅲ.TranslatethefollowingwordsandphrasesintoChinese.Ⅳ.TranslatethefollowingChinesestatementsintoEnglish.

1．多媒体技术需要同时处理声音、文字、图像等多种媒体信息。

2．矢量图适于描述由多种比较规则的图形元素构成的图形。

3．MIDI是数字乐器接口的国际标准，它定义了电子音乐设备与计算机的通信接口。

4．视频是连续渐变的静态图像顺次更换显示，从而构成运动视感的媒体。

5．多媒体信息虽然经过了压缩处理，但还是含有大量的数据，所以需要有大容量的存储设备来保存这些信息。Ⅴ.Fillineachoftheblankswithoneofthefollowingwords.

multiplehypermediaforeignperformancepageaudiomediastandfor

picturesvideoback

Multimediaissimply

formsofmediaintegratedtogether.Mediacanbetext,graphics,audio,animation,video,data,etc.Anexampleofmultimediaisaweb

onthetopicofMozartthathastextregardingthecomposeralongwithan

fileofsomeofhismusicandcanevenincludea

ofhismusicbeingplayedinahall.

Besidesmultipletypesof

beingintegratedwithoneanother,multimediacanalso

interactivetypesofmediasuchasvideogames,CD-ROMsthatteacha

language,oraninformationKioskatasubwayterminal.Othertermsthataresometimesusedformultimediainclude

andrichmedia.

ThetermMultimediaissaidtodate

to1965andwasusedtodescribeashowbytheExplodingPlasticInevitable.Theshowincludeda

thatintegratedmusic,cinema,speciallightingandhumanperformance.Today,thewordmultimediaisusedquitefrequently,fromDVDstoCD-ROMstoevenamagazinethatincludestextand

.HaveyoueverusedVirtualReality?

Whetherthebigcumbersomeheadsetsintheearly90’sorthesleekermorerefinedtechnologyoftoday,chancesareyou’veencounteredvirtualrealityinyourtravels.

Itwastoutedasthe“nextbigthing”incomputersandwasexpectedtobeineveryhomebutitnevereventuated.

TodayI’mgoingtodiscusswhatvirtualrealitymeansforgamersandgamedevelopers.SUPPLEMENTARY

WhereIsVirtualReality?

IntroductionIfirstusedvirtualrealityin1995whilevisitingSeaWorldinLondon.

Theyhadarideyousatin,donnedavirtualrealityheadsetandfuriouslypressedbuttonstowinorloseabattle(alongwith20orsootherpeople).

IwassoexcitedtofinallygettousevirtualrealitythatItookawrongturngettingontherideandfelloffintothehydraulics.

I’mnotsureifitwastheamazing3D,headtrackingorlossofbloodfrommyinjuriesbutIhadanawakeningexperience.

Iknewthatinthefuture,we’dallbeplayinggamesusingvirtualreality,andtheworldwouldbeabetterplace.

Unfortunately,thisneverhappened,butisittoolate?

KeyfeaturesofVirtualRealityVRhasanumberofkeyfeaturesthatmakeittheobviouspathforgamedevelopmentinthefuture:．Full3DImmersion—ratherthanlookingatthegameworldsittingonamonitorthat’ssittinginyourroomyouareactuallyintheworld.

Even2Dgamestakeupyourentireperipheralvisionmakingthemimmersive.．True3D(forfree)—Havingtwoimagesallowsatruestereoscopicdisplayofthe3Dworld.．Headtracking—MostVRheadsetshavebuiltinheadtrackingwhichaddstotheimmersion.

Nowyoucanlookatthepre-pubescentkidincounterstrikebeforeheheadshotsyou.Whyhasn’tVirtualRealitytakenoff

?ThereareafewmainreasonswhyVirtualRealityisstillnotinthemainstreamofgaming:．Price—Withtheaverageheadsetcominginat$1,500USD,thisisalotforan800×600displaybyanyone’sstandards.

Whileitiscomparabletosomelargerendmonitorsit’sstilltoohighfortheaveragegamer.

Ifthepriceofheadsetscancomedownbelow$750USDandresolutionscanbeatleast1024×768Iexpectamuchlargeruptake.

That’scertainlythesweetspotforpriceandresolutionforme.．Vertigo/EyeStrain—Somepeoplehaveissuesfocusingonthescreensinthevirtualrealityheadsetandotherssufferfromeyestrain.

Mostpeopleshouldgetusedtothisovertimehoweveritmightsimplymeansomepeopleneveradoptthetechnology.．Lackofinterest—Peoplejustgotboredwiththeidea.

ForsolongwekepthearingabouthowVRwasgoingtochangetheworldanditneverdid.

Agreatexampleofthisisthefactthatsearchesfor“VirtualReality”aredown80%since2004!

Whatdoyouthink?HaveyouusedVirtualRealitybefore?

Didyoulikeit?

Howmuchwouldyoubewillingtopayandwhatresolutiondoyouthinkshouldbetheminimumsupported?

ManypeopleI’vespokentoaboutVirtualRealitythinkit’sdead,whatdoyouthink?

在商务谈判中，双方谈判能力的强弱差异决定了谈判结果的差别。对于谈判中的每一方来说，谈判能力都来源于八个方面，即“NOTRICKS”中每个字母所代表的八个单词：need,options,time,relationships,investment,credibility,knowledge,skills。CONVERSATION

8ProverbsforBusinessNegotiation

商务谈判的八字箴言．N代表需求(need)。对于买卖双方来说，谁的需求更强烈一些？如果买方的需要较多，卖方就拥有相对较强的谈判力；如果卖方非常希望卖出他的产品，买方就拥有较强的谈判力。．O代表选择(options)。如果谈判不能最后达成协议，那么双方会有什么选择？如果对方认为你的产品或服务是唯一的或者没有太多选择余地，你就拥有较强的谈判资本。．T代表时间(time)。谈判中可能出现有时间限制的紧急事件，如果买方受时间的压力，自然会增强卖方的谈判力。．R代表关系(relationship)。如果与顾客之间建立了强有力的关系，在同潜在顾客谈判时就会拥有关系力。但是，也许有的顾客觉得卖方只是为了推销，因而不愿建立深入的关系，这样，在谈判过程中将会比较被动。．I代表投资(investment)。在谈判过程中投入了多少时间和精力？为此投入越多，对达成协议承诺越多的一方往往拥有较少的谈判力。

．C代表可信性(credibility)。潜在顾客对产品可信性也是谈判力的一种。如果推销人员知道你曾经使用过某种产品，而他的产品具有价格和质量等方面的优势时，无疑会增强卖方的可信性，但这一点并不能决定最后是否能成交。．K代表知识(knowledge)。知识就是力量。如果你充分了解顾客的问题和需求，并预测到你的产品能如何满足顾客的需求，你的知识无疑增强了对顾客的谈判力。反之，如果顾客对产品拥有更多的知识和经验，顾客就有较强的谈判力。．S代表的是技能(skill)。这可能是增强谈判力最重要的内容了，不过，谈判技巧是综合的学问，需要广博的知识、雄辩的口才、灵敏的思维等各方面的素质。ExampleDialogue1

A:So,thankyouforcoming,everyone.It’sreallyapleasuretoseeyouallhere.Firstofall,mayIsuggestyoutakealookattheagendaisentyou?Wouldyouliketomakeanycommentonthat?

B:Yes,Iwonderifwecanbeginwith

shipmentquestionfirst.Wereallyneedtocometoanagreementonthatbeforeanythingelse.

A:That’strue,butit’salsoaverydifficultissue.That’sthereasonwhyIputitlast.Ithoughtitmightbeagoodideaforustostartwiththepointswehaveincommon.We’llmoveontotheshipmentissueafterthat.

B:Allright.Thatsoundsreasonable.

A:Well,beforewegoanyfuture,IwouldliketosaystronglyhowIfeelthatit’sinbothourinteresttoreachanagreementtoday.Themarketisbecomingevenmorecompetitiveandourcombinedstrengthwillgiveussomebigadvantages,notleastintermsofthedealernetwork.Now,IthinkRichardwouldliketosayafewwordsaboutthat.Dialogue2

A:George,Wehavedecidedtheprice,nowlet’sgetdowntosomedetailrequirementsoftheproductsyouorder.First,we’dliketoknowhowyouwouldliketheflowersarepacked.

B:ForNo.10,eachbunchofflowershouldbepackedinacleartransparentplasticbag,eachbagtoapaperbox,100boxestoacarton.Werequiretheplasticbagsshouldbein7differentcolors,andthequalityofeachbagshouldbegradeAAAwithdegreeoftransparencyof100%.

A:GradeAAAislargespendforus,wecan’tmeetyourstandard.ThemostwecandoistousegradeA.Ifyouinsist,wehavetotake15centsextrachargeforeachbag.

B:Ifyoucanguaranteethequalityandmakesureeachbunchofflowertoreachcustomerswithoutdefections,Icanagreethat.

A:Pleasedon’tworry,George,wecanguarantee.

B:ForNo.20andNo，30,eachpotofflowertoawoodenbox,eachboxshouldbemoisture-conditioned.6articlesofNo.20and6articlesofNo.30toawoodencase.

A:Itwillbeawasteofwood,ifyouuseboxandcaseatthesametime.wecanusewoodblockstoseparatetheflowerpots.

B:No,Ican’tagree.Ifhavingnocasepacking,theflowersareinconvenienttoconveyandeasytobebroken.SopleasedoasIsay.

A:Ok.Andwhat’stherequirementforshippingmarks?

B:Weneedcartonsandwoodenboxespaintingourcompanynameforshort.Andofcourse,someindicationmarks,suchasfragile,keepinguprightshouldbeputon.

A:Anythingmore?

B:Ithinknomore.That’sall.Practice

ImaginethatyouandyourpartnersarerepresentativesfromAAACompanyandBBBCompanyrespectively.BBBCompanyisinterestedinimportingsomescarvesmadeindifferentmaterialsfromAAACompany.Practicethefollowingnegotiationskillswiththegivenpoints:

Greettoeachother.

Makeabriefintroductiontoyourcompany.

AAACompany:Makeabriefintroductiontotheproduct.

BBBCompany:Stateyourcompany’srequirementsabouttheproduct.

Negotiateabouttheprice,packing,delivery,payment,insuranceandsoon.

Makeanagreement.Tips商务谈判常用语

1．Wouldanyonelikesomethingtodrinkbeforewebegin?在我们正式开始前，大家喝点什么吧？

2．IknowIcancountonyou.我知道我可以相信你。

3．Weareheretosolveproblems.我们是来解决问题的。

4．We’llcomeoutfromthismeetingaswinners.这次会谈的结果将是一个双赢。

5．Ihopethismeetingisproductive.我希望这是一次富有成效的会谈。

6．Ineedmoreinformation.我需要更多的信息。

7．Notinthelongrun.从长远来说并不是这样。

8．Letmeexplaintoyouwhy.让我给你解释一下原因。

9．That’sthebasicproblem.这是最基本的问题。

10．Let’scompromise.让我们还是各退一步吧。

11．Itdependsonwhatyouwant.那要视贵方的需要而定。

12．Thelongerwewait,thelesslikelyitiswewillcomeupwithanything.时间拖得越久，我们成功的机会就越少。

13．I’msurethereissomeroomfornegotiation.我肯定还有商量的余地。

14．Wehaveanotherplan.我们还有一个计划。

15．Let’snegotiatetheprice.让我们来讨论一下价格吧。

16．Wecouldaddittotheagenda.我们可以把它也列入议程。

17．Wecannotbesurewhatyouwantunlessyoutellus.希望您能告诉我们，要不然我们无法确定您想要的是什么。

18．Wehavedonealot.我们已经取得了不少进展。

19．Wecanworkoutthedetailsnexttime.我们可以下次再来解决细节问题。

20．Isuggestthatwetakeabreak.我建议咱们休息一下。

21．Let’srecessandreturninanhour.咱们休会，一个小时后再继续。

22．Weneedabreak.我们需要暂停一下。

23．MayIsuggestthatwecontinuetomorrow?我建议明天再继续，好吗？

24．Wecanpostponeourmeetinguntiltomorrow.我们可以把会议延迟到明天。

25．Thatwilleatupalotoftime.那会耗费很多时间。

1.通知(Notice)通知是上级对下级、组织对成员或平行单位之间部署工作、传达事情或召开会议等所使用的应用文。通知有两种：一种是书信方式，寄出或发送，通知有关人员，此种通知写作形式同普通书信，只要写明通知的具体内容即可；WRITING

owtoWriteaNoticeoranInvitationLetter

如何写通知及邀请信的左下角。如有单位负责人署名，可写在右下角。出通知的单位以及被通知的对象一般都用第三人称。如果正文前用了称呼用语，则用第二人称表示通知对象。通知要求言简意赅、措辞得当、时间及时。另一种是布告形式，张贴通知。究竟采用哪种形式，视实际需要而定。如通知的对象为集中的较大范围的人员，例如学生、会员、读者、观众等，宜采用布告的形式。这种通知一般在上方居中处写上“Notice”或“NOTICE”一词作为标志，正文的下面靠右下角写出通知的单位名称或人名，也可放在正文之上。有时出通知的单位名称会写在正文的开头，这样就不需要另外注明。出通知的日期写在正文

2.邀请信(InvitationLetter)邀请信包括宴会、舞会、晚餐、聚会、婚礼等各种邀请信件，形式上大体分为两种:一种为正规的格式(formalcorrespondence)，亦称请柬;一种是非正式格式(informalcorrespondence),即一般的邀请信。邀请信在形式上不如请柬正规，但也很考究。书写时应注意：邀请信一定要将邀请的时间(年、月、日、钟点)、地点、场合写清楚，不能使接信人存在任何疑虑。例如“I’dlikeyouandBobtocometoLuncheonnextFriday.”这句话中所指的是哪个星期五并不明确，所以应加上具体日期：“I’dlikeyouandBobtocometoluncheonnextFriday,Maythefifth.”。ExampleNOTICE

ThesportsmeetingwhichwastotakeplacethisSaturdayhastobeputoffbecauseoftheheavyrainthesedays.AllstudentsarerequiredtocometoschoolonSaturdaymorningasusual,buttherewillbenoclassthatafternoon.Weatherpermitting,thesportsmeetingwillbeheldnextSaturdaymorning.Membersoftheschoolping-pongteammustcometothePing-pongHallat4:30thisSaturdayafternoon.Ping-pongstarsfromWuhanwillcomeandgivespecialtrainingandcoachingthen.

OfficeofPhysicalEducation

10thSeptember,2009通知由于近日连降大雨，我校原定本周六举行的运动会将作延期。同学们周六早晨照常到校上课，周六下午停课。如果天气允许的话，运动会将在下周六早晨举行。学校乒乓球队的队员们请于本周六下午4:30到乒乓球大厅受训，武汉的乒乓球健将们将为你们做专门指导。校体育办公室

2009年9月10日

DearMr.Harrison,

OurnewfactorywillbecommencingproductiononApril10andweshouldliketoinviteyouandyourwifetobepresentatacelebrationtomarktheoccasion.

Asyouwillappreciatethisisanimportantmilestoneforthisorganization,andistheresultofcontinueddemandforourproducts,bothathomeandoverseas.Weareinvitingallthoseindividualswhocontributetothecompany’ssuccessandtrustthatyouwillpayusthecomplimentsofaccepting.

Pleaseconfirmthatyouwillbeabletoattendbyadvisingusofyourtime—wecanarrangeforyoutobemet.Allarrangementsforyourstaywill,ofcourse,bemadebyusatourexpense.

Yoursfaithfully,亲爱的哈里森先生，本公司新厂将于4月10日开始投产，希望能邀请您和您的太太来参加新厂开工典礼。如您所知，新厂的设立是本公司的一个里程碑，而这正是海内外客户对本公司产品不断需求的结果。我们邀请了所有对本公司的成功贡献力量的人，我们相信，您一定会赏光。如您确能参加，请来函告知您抵达的时间，以便我们为您安排会晤。当然，在此期间所有安排及费用皆将由本公司承担。您诚挚的

Practice通知我们将于5月10日在本公司会议室举行会议，讨论今年下半年的销售计划，请各部门的负责人参加。如果不能参加，请务必事先通知我们。

ABC公司总经理：杰克·史密斯

尊敬的史密斯先生:如您能够出席为中国代表团而举行的招待会，我们将感到十分荣幸。招待会定于10月4日(星期二)在市政厅举行。下午6点钟准时举行鸡尾酒会，随之在8点钟举行晚宴。我们期待着您的光临。请提前告知我们您能否出席。您诚挚的Tips几种常见的邀请信Dearsir/madam，

I’mdelightedthatyouhaveacceptedourinvitationtospeakattheConferencein[city]on[date].

Asweagreed,you’llbespeakingonthetopic...from[time]to[time].Therewillbeanadditionalminutesforquestions.

Wouldyoupleasetellmewhatkindofaudio-visualequipmentyou’llneed?Ifyoucouldletmeknowyourspecificrequirementsby[date],I’llhaveplentyoftimetomakesurethatthehotelprovidesyouwithwhatyouneed.

Thankyouagainforagreeingtospeak.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.