2024年湖南省长沙某中学高考英语适应性试卷（二）（含详细答案解析）

2024年湖南省长沙一中高考英语适应性试卷（二）

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。

A

IrishWritersCentreNovelFair2024

TheNovelFairisanannualcompetitioninitiatedbytheIrishWritersCentre(IWC).DescribedbyTheIrish

Timesas"ADragons*CaveforwritersH,eachyeartheFairaimstointroduceup-and-comingwriterstotop

publishersandliteraryagents.

ThePrize

Thetwelvewinnerswillhavetheopportunitytopresentthesummaryoftheirnovelsdirectlytoindustry

professionals.LeadingpublishersandagentswillbeinvitedbytheIWCtomeetthesewritersinpersonorthrougha

seriesofonlinemeetings.Togetfullypreparedforthemeetingwithpublishersandagents,thewinnerswill

receiveaplaceinaworkshoponnHowtoPromoteYourNovel",twoweeksinadvance.Also,applicantswhoare

longlisted(初选)butdonotmakeittotheshortlistoftwelvewillhavetheirworksevaluatedandcriticizedbythe

judgingpanel.

HowtoEnter

Entryfeeforapplicationis£55(MembersofIWCcanenterforadiscountedfeeof£45).Thiscompetitiononly

acceptsmanuscripts(原稿)fornovels.Applicantsarerequiredtosendasummarywithin300wordsandupto

fivechaptersoftheirnovels,whichshouldbe10,000words(+/-10%).Manuscriptsshouldbesubmitted

online.Thereisalimitofoneentryperapplicant.

Entriesarewelcomefromanywhereintheworld.Beforeenteringthecompetition,pleaseensurethatyouhave

readtheNovelFairTerms&Conditions2024verycarefullyastheFairisopentoonlynovelistswhohavenever

publishedworkpreviously.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheapplicationprocess,pleaseemail

novelfair@irishwriterscentre.ie.

1.WhydoestheIWCholdtheFair?

A.Toserveasaplatformforwriters.

B.Toadvertiselocalbooks.

C.Toencourageyoungpeople.

D.Toarouseenthusiasmforreading.

2.Whatcantheworkshophelpthewinnersdo?

A.Improvetheirwritingskills.

B.Dealwiththejudgingpanel.

C.Learnaboutpublishingprocess.

D.Presenttheirnovelsattractively.

3.WhichofthefollowingmeetstherequirementoftheFair?

A.Anovelpublishedin2023.B.Asummaryof200words.

C.Apapermanuscriptbypost.D.Asubmissionofsevenchapters.

B

WhenIwasagirlofeight,livinginatown,IusedtoworkforMrs.White,anelderlylady.Shepaidmevery

littleformywork,becauseshedidn'thavemuchmoney.Shedid,however,promisetogivemeaChristmas

present.ThegirlsIplayedwithhadbaseballgloves,bicyclesandiceskates,andIwassoeagertoacquireany

oneofthese.OnChristmasmorning,Mrs.Whitegavemealittlepackagewhichcouldhardlyholdanything.Iwas

painfullydisappointedbutshetoldmeitwasakindofmagic.Mydisappointmentturnedintocuriosity.

WithgreatexcitementIopenedthepackage,onlytofindapileoftensheetsofblackpaperinside,eachlabeled

incolorfulletters,CarbonPaperRegalPremium.Ididn*tknowwhatitwas."Isitmagic?"1asked.MyAunt

Karen,whowasaschoolteacher,answered,"Itreallyis!"Shetooktwopiecesofwhitepaperandplaced

betweenthemoneoftheblacksheetsfromthebox.Then,withahardpencil,shewrotemynameontheupper

sheet.RemovingitandtheCarbonPaperRegalPremium,shehandedmethesecondsheet,whichherpencilhad

innowaytouched.Therewasmyname!

Iwasenthralled.Iwroteandwrote,usingupwholetabletsuntilthelastpieceofblackpaperwasusedup.ltwasa

gameIdidn'twanttoend.Iwasveryhappywithmyspecialgift.Icanhonestlysaythat,inthatonemoment,I

understoodasmuchaboutprinting,copyingwordsandthemysteryofspreadingideasasIhavelearnedinthe

remaininghalf-centuryofmylife.

Ihopethatthisyearsomeboysandgirlswillreceive,fromthoughtfuladultswhoreallylovethem,giftsthatwill

shockthem.Itissuchgiftsandsuchexperiences一usuallycostinglittleornothing一thattransformalifeandlend

itamotivationthatmaycontinuefordecades.

4.WhydidMrs.WhitepromisetogivethegirlaChristmaspresent?

A.Shewantedtomeetthechild'swish.

B.Sherewardedthegirlforhergoodwork.

C.Shegavegiftstoeverychildinthetown.

D.Shewantedtomakeupforthelowsalary.

5.WhatdoweknowaboutCarbonPaperRegalPremium?

A.Itisusedinschoolteaching.

B.Itismadebyspecialmagicians.

C.Itusuallyconsistsofcolorfulpaper.

D.Itcancopysomethingwrittenonpaper.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"Iwasenthralled."inParagraph3mean?

A.IwasaddictedtoCarbonPaperRegalPremium.

B.IwascuriousaboutCarbonPaperRegalPremium.

C.IwasconfusedaboutCarbonPaperRegalPremium.

D.Iwasshockedtherewasanameonthesecondsheet.

7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthetext?

A.Childrenshouldworkforotherstogetagift.

B.Agiftwithlong-termeffectsisabetterchoice.

C.Childrenneedtoreceiveagiftthattheywant.

D.CarbonPaperRegalPremiumisaperfectgift.

c

OnChristmasEve,ateamofreindeer（驯鹿）willhelpSantaClausdelivergiftstochildrenallaroundthe

world.Thereindeers,ledbytheirfearlessleaderRudolph,won'tbetheonlyonesdoingsomethingspecial.Back

inthehighestArctic,theircousinshavearemarkableabilitychangingtheireyecolor.

Duringthesummermonths,whenthedaysarelongandthesunisbright,reindeer'stapetumlucidum（荧光

膜），amirror-likelayeratthebackoftheireye,appearsgolden,whichhelpsbouncethemajorityoflightoff

theeyes,effectivelyactinglikeapairofnaturalsunglasses.Aswintercomes,andthedaysbecomeshorterand

darker,thetapetumlucidumturnsbluetoabsorbmorelight,allowingreindeertoimprovetheirnightvisionand

seeclearinlowlightconditions.

Withtheseadaptations,reindeercanadaptandthriveinoneoftheharshestenvironmentsonEarth.Unlike

humans,reindeercanseewellintotheshorterUltraViolet(UV)range.ThisUVvisionenablesthemtospot

foodandpredatorsmoreeffectivelyinthesnowylandscape.Lichens,akeypartoftheirwinterdiet,absorb

UV,sotheyshowupdarkagainstUV-reflectingwhitesnow.WolfandpolarbearfuralsoabsorbUV,soinstead

ofdisappearingagainstsnowtheypopoutinhighcontrast,allowingreindeertospotpotentialthreatsfroma

distance.

Reindeerchangetheireyesbyadjustingtheirtapetumlucidum,whichismadeofcollagenfibers.Inwinter,the

collagenfibersbecomepackedtighter,causingthetapetumlucidumtomainlyreflectbluelight.Thischange

happenswhenreindeerdilatetheirpupils(瞳孑L).Insummer,thereindeer'spupilsreturntoasmallersize,

whichhelpsreindeerreducetheamountoflightenteringtheeye.

Buttheiruniqueadaptationmayhurtthem.Today,theincreasinguseofartificiallighting,especiallyduringthe

wintermonths,posesapotentialthreattotheirsensitiveeyes.ltcanmakereindeerlosetheirway,affectingtheir

abilitytosurviveintheirchallengingenvironment.Soitiscrucialforustobemindfulofouruseofelectricityand

makeeffortstominimizelightpollutiontoensurethewell-beingandsurvivalofthesemagnificentcreatures.

8.Whatdoweknowfromparagraph2?

A.Theshapeofreindeer'seyesvarieswithseasons.

B.Itisdifficultforreindeertoliveinlowlightconditions.

C.Thetapetumlucidumhelpsreindeeradapttoseasonalchanges.

D.Reindeer'seyesappeargoldeninwinterwhileblueinsummer.

9.WhatistheuseofUVvisionforreindeer?

A.Tohelpthemseeclearindarknights.

B.Todistinguishfoodofdifferentcolorsquickly.

C.Toprotecttheireyesfromharshsunlightinsummer.

D.Tobetterlocatefoodandenemiesduringsnowydays.

10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dilate"inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Relax.B.Expand.C.Narrow.D.Hide.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?

A.Tocallonpeopletoprotectreindeerfromlightpollution.

B.Toshowthereasonsforthedeclineinreindeerpopulation.

C.Topresenthumans'greateffortstoreduceartificiallighting.

D.Toprovereindeer'sstrongadaptabilitytoharshenvironments.

D

ToygiantLegohasgivenuponplanstomakeitsbricksfromrecycledbottles,inablowtoitseffortstocut

carbonemissions（抖F放）.Thecompanysaidin2021thatitaimedtoreduceoil-basedbrickswithintwo

years.ButMonday'sstatementsaidithadfoundthatusingthenewmaterialdidn'treducecarbonemissions.Lego

saiditremainsfullydevotedtodevelopingsustainablematerialsforbricks.

Thetoymakermakesabout4,400differentbricks.Currently,manyofthemaremadeusingaplastic,ABS,

mainlymadefromoil.Themove,whichwasfirstreportedinFinancialTimes,willbeseenasasetback（挫

折）afteranopenclaimbyLegotoimproveitssustainability.Likemanyothercompanies,Legohasbeen

exploringalternativematerialstoplasticthatwillbelastingenoughforgenerations.In2021,itsaidithad

developedbricksmadefrompolyethyleneterephthalate（PET）bottles,withsomeotherchemicalsadded,to

offeranalternativetooil-basedbricks.

ButLegohasnowdiscoveredthataftermorethantwoyearsoftesting,ithadfoundthatusingrecycledPETdidn't

reducecarbonemissions.ltsaidextrastepswererequiredintheproductionprocess,whichmeantitneededtouse

moreenergy.lthasdecidednottoprogresswithmakingbricksfromthematerial,andnowtestinganddeveloping

bricksmadefromarangeofalternativesustainablematerials.

NielsB.Christiansen,CEOofLego,toldtheFTthatitwashardtofindnmagicmaterial"tofixthefirm*s

sustainabilitychallenges.HWetestedhundredsandhundredsofmaterials.It*salmostnotbeenpossibletofinda

materiallikethat,“hesaid.

AspokespersonforthecompanytoldtheBBC,"Weareinvestingmorethan$1.2bninsustainabilitymovein

thefouryearsto2025aspartofoureffortstoturntomoresustainablematerialsandreduceourcarbonemissions

by37%by2032."

12.WhatmaterialhasbeenLegotryingtoreplace?

A.ABS.B.PET.C.Oil.D.Carbon.

13.WhatdidLegofindafterthetwo-yeartest?

A.Itfailedtoachieveitsdesiredgoal.

B.Carbonemissionwasundercontrol.

C.Pressurefromcompetitorswashuge.

D.Addedchemicalsharmtheenvironment.

14.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanthetextbefound?

A.Entertainment.B.Sports.C.Economy.D.Education.

15.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ANewAnnouncementfromLego

B.MoreRecycling,MorePollution

C.Lego：DroppingItsLow-impactAct

D.Lego：FirmGreenGoalDespitefailure

二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。

TheImportanceofBeingIndependent

Theabilitytobeindependentissomethingnoteveryonepossesses.(1)Andlearningtosupportyourself

isfundamentalforanysuccessyoueverhopetoachieve.Attheendoftheday,youonlyhaveyourselftofallback

on,soit'sveryimportanttobeabletohandlethingsonyourown.

Peoplerelyonothersfarmorethanitisnecessary.Peopleputtheirhappinessinthehandsofasignificantperson,

thinkingthiswillbringthemsatisfaction.(2)

Shouldyoualwaysbedependentonsomeoneelse?Ofcoursenot.(3)Therefore,youneedtolearn

howtomakedecisionsonyourown.Peopleareunabletobeindependentforavarietyofreasons,withfearbeing

thebiggest：thefearofbeingalone,thefearofrejectionandthefearofthefuture.

However,thereisnoreasontobaseyourlifedecisionsonrelationshipswithpeople.Allrelationshipsendatsome

pointoranother.(4)Theonlythingyoucandoisalteryourunderstandingofrelationships.Insteadof

expectingthemtomakeyouhappybybeinginyourlifeandprovidingenjoyment,appreciatethetimespentand

enjoymentsinceyouknowitwillbegone.

(5)Don'taskforadvice,dowhatyouwantandlearnfromyourownmistakes.Manypeopleare

afraidtothinkforthemselvesbecausethatinvolvestakingresponsibilityfortheirownlives.Thisisjustoneway

peoplebecomedependent.Wearebornaloneandwediealone,soweeachhavetotakeresponsibilityforourlives

ateverystepalongtheway.

A.Thereisnothingyoucandotochangeoraffectthat.

B.Thisisaseriouserrortoomanypeoplemakethesedays.

C.Makedecisionsbyandforyourself,whatevertheymaybe.

D.Youcancontrolyourownlifebymakingyourownchoices.

E.However,youneedtobeindependentinordertosurviveintheworld.

F.Inanymomentofdecision,thebestthingyoucandoiswaitfortherighttime.

G.Notonlyareyoulimitingyourself,youarealsolikelytobecomeaburdentothisperson.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。

WhileenjoyingmyfreshlunchinarestaurantinAmsterdam,Inoticedsomethingodd.Customerscominginfor

somethingtoeatignoredthepersonstandingbehindthecounter(柜台),preferringto(1)througha

smartphone.

Whatwasthecrazythingaboutthis?Theywerejustseveral(2)apart!Infact,theyweresoclosethat

thestaffmembertookaquick(3)athisscreentogetaheadstartonpickingtherightvegetables一all

withoutanywords(4).Now,Igetit：Moderntechnologyallowsustobemore(5),butI

mightbewitnessingsomethingdeeper：weprefernottotalktoeachotheranymore.

Thinkaboutitforamoment.Whenwasthelasttimeyounaturally(6)aconversationwithsomebody

youdidn'tknow?Thechancesarethatyoudon*teven(7)!Likelyeitheryouortheotherpersonwas

"busy"withotherthingslike(8)withasmartphone.Now,withthe(9)ofdigital

technologies,onecan'thelpbutpaythe(10)formodernefficiency：ourabilitytotalktostrangers.

Weshop,(11)ahotel,ororderataxi,allviaanapp.(12)withrandomstrangersis

becomingrarerandrarer.Yettherearesurprising(13)ofhavingevenashortandsimpleconversation

withstrangers.Youmightlearnsomething(14),andbeyonddoubt,ithasthepowertoenrichyour

understandingofothersand(15)aspecialbondinourmodernworld.

21.A.talkB.callC.orderD.deliver

22.A.metersB.millimetersC.kilometersD.centimeters

23.A.chanceB.turnC.lookD.test

24.A.spokenB.writtenC.typedD.mentioned

25.A.efficientB.enthusiasticC.effectiveD.energetic

26.A.endedupB.engagedinC.madeupD.wenton

27.A.hearB.believeC.rememberD.understand

28.A.recordingB.studyingC.playingD.calculating

29.A.ideaB.aimC.problemD.rise

30.A.cashB.priceC.debtD.tax

31.A.decorateB.bookC.buildD.repair

32.A.ContactB.WorkC.QuarrelD.Reunion

33.A.interestsB.benefitsC.disadvantagesD.influences

34.A.unrealisticB.unsuitableC.unreasonableD.unexpected

35.A.servesasB.referstoC.accountsforD.consistsof

四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。

36.YoungChinesearefightingagainstsocietythroughasimpleactofresistance：lyingdown.Examplesofthe

Htangping",or"lyingflat",wayoflife(1)(include)notgettingmarried,nothavingchildren,

andrefusingtoworkextrahoursortoholdajobatall."Istayathomeandsleepandwatchtelevisionseries."said

Zhang,whodescribedherselfas"lyingflat'*forthelasttwoweeks(2)leavingherjobinthefilm

industryinWuxi.

"Tangping"(3)(emerge)overthelastfewmonths.Somecomparethemtothe1950sBeat

GenerationintheUnitedStates.(4)(other)calltheirbehavioraformofnonviolentresistance.

nPeoplerealizethereisnoupwardmobility,"saidYichengWang,aPhDstudentinpoliticalscienceatBoston

University.Thetermdevelopedafter(5)AprilpostontheTiebaforum,whoseauthor,unemployed

forthelasttwoyears,describedalow-effort,low-costlifestyleconsistingofjustafewmonths*workoutofthe

year.

"Lyingflatismymovement,Hhe(6)(write),referringtotheGreekphilosopherDiogenes,who

wasknownforlivinginalargecontainer.Hepostedapictureofhimselflyinginbedinthemiddleofthedaywith

thecurtains(7)(draw).

Butas"tangping"gained(8)(popular),italsobroughtalevelofdishonor.NanfangDailycalledthe

philosophy"shameful".GlobalTimesmadelightofitdescribing"lyingflat"as"notaseriousphilosophy".

ForZhanginWuxi,lyingflatisnotaboutgivinguporwithdrawingfromsociety."Manypeoplewanttoliedown

because996istoo(9)(tire),"shesaid,referringtotheconstanthourscommonintechindustry,

(10)thestaffareexpectedtoworkfrom9a.m.to9p.m.,sixdaysaweek.Thephilosophyisalsoabout

givingoneselfabreak.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。

37.近年来，露营活动逐渐兴起，但也带来了环境和安全等方面的问题。假定你是李华，请以Leave-No-

TraceCamping为题目写一封倡议书，号召大家在休闲娱乐的同时爱护环境。

内容包括：

(1)露营造成的问题；

(2)爱护环境的倡议。

注意:

(1)词数80左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Leave-No-TraceCampingDearall,

LiHua

February2,2024

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Atthebeginningofthisyear,mydaughterHelenspentamonthinthehospitalfightingforherlife.Sincethen,

shehashadtodealwiththediseaseaswellasmanysideeffects.Shehasmeteachchallenge,disappointmentand

setbackwithcourage.

Withher16thbirthdayapproaching,Helendreamtofapartyandcampfireatthebeachwithfriends,relatives,

andherbeloveddog,Ginger.lttookawhile,butIfinallyfoundagoodbeachthatalloweddogsandcampfires

andhadeasyaccess.However,aweekbeforeherparty,Helen'sdiseaseworsened.

OurfriendIancalledthenightbeforethepartyandturnedourplansupsidedown.Thesmallbeachwe'dselected

andthesurroundingbeacheswouldhosta30,000-personeventonthepartynightandwouldbeclosed.ltwasa

disasterbecausewehadresearchednoothernearbybeachwouldwork.

Helenhadherheartsetonhavingherdogandacampfireatthebeach,butasusual,shedidn'tcomplain.Inher

younglife,she'sdealtwithmuchworsethingsthanadestroyedbirthdayparty.Shesatdownandbegantoquietly

cry.AfterawhileHelendecidedshe'dratherhavethepartyatourhomesoshecouldhaveherdoganda

campfire.Wecalledtheinviteeswiththechangedplans.

Howtodesignapartyathomewithdogsandcampfirewasachallenge.ltoccurredtousthatwecouldmakefull

useofouryard.Ian'swifeJaymecamefirstwithsomesmallsigns,whichread："WelcometoCampbellBeach,

wheredogsandcampfiresarewelcome.Wherethebeachissmallandthewavesaresofaraway,youmustclose

youreyestoseethem,butnotsotheloveforHelenandherlittledog.HappyBirthday,Helen!"

注意：

(1)续写词数应为150个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Anhourlater,Ianarrivedwithaloadedtruck.

Helenandherfriendscouldn*twaittoplayonthesand.

答案和解析

1〜3.【答案】A、D、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段的DescribedbyTheIrishTimesasnADragons*Caveforwriters",

eachyeartheFairaimstointroduceup-and-comingwriterstotoppublishersandliteraryagents（被《爱尔兰时

报》描述为“作家的龙洞”，每年的书展旨在向顶级出版商和文学代理商介绍崭露头角的作家），可知IWC

举办这个博览会是为了给作家提供一个平台，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据第段的Togetfullypreparedforthemeetingwithpublishersandagents,thewinners

willreceiveaplaceinaworkshoponHHowtoPromoteYourNovel",twoweeksinadvanc（为了充分准备与出

版商和代理商的会面，获奖者将提前两周获得参加”如何推广你的小说”研讨会的机会），可知研讨会可以

帮助获奖者有吸引人地展示他们的小说，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。根据HowtoEnter部分的Applicantsarerequiredtosendasummarywithin300wordsand

uptofivechaptersoftheirnovels,whichshouldbe10,000words（+/-10%）（申请人必须提交一篇300字以

内的摘要，最多五章，字数为10,000字，字数上下有10%的浮动），可知B项”有200字的摘要”符合博

览会要求，故选B。

这是一篇应用文，介绍了爱尔兰作家中心举办的2024年一年一度的小说展比赛的相信息。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔

细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。

4〜7.【答案】D、D、A、B

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段Shepaidmeverylittleformywork,becauseshedidn'thavemuch

money.Shedid,however,promisetogivemeaChristmaspresent.（她给我的工资很少，因为她没有多少

钱。然而，她答应给我一份圣诞礼物）可知，怀特太太答应给那个女孩一份圣诞礼物是因为她想弥补低工

资。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Shetooktwopiecesofwhitepaperandplacedbetweenthemoneoftheblack

sheetsfromthebox.Then,withahardpencil,shewrotemynameontheuppersheet.RemovingitandtheCarbon

PaperRegalPremium,shehandedmethesecondsheet,whichherpencilhadinnowaytouched.Therewasmy

name!（她拿起两张白纸，从盒子里拿出一张黑布放在它们中间。然后，她用一支硬铅笔把我的名字写在

上面那张纸上。她取下那张纸和那张皇家高级复写纸，递给我第二张纸，她的铅笔根本没碰过那张纸。上

面却有我的名字！）可知，CarbonPaperRegalPremium可以复制写在纸上的东西。故选D。

(3)词句猜测题。根据划线词后文Iwroteandwrote,usingupwholetabletsuntilthelastpieceofblackpaper

wasusedup.ltwasagameIdidn'twanttoend.(我写啊写，把整张纸都用完了，直到最后一张黑纸都用完

了)可知，作者一直把CarbonPaperRegalPremium都写完了，说明作者对CarbonP叩erRegalPremium着

迷了。故划线句意思是"我对CarbonPaperRegalPremium着迷了"。A.IwasaddictedtoCarbonPaperRegal

Premium.我对CarbonPaperRegalPremium着迷了；B.IwascuriousaboutCarbonPaperRegalPremium.我对

CarbonPaperRegalPremium很好奇；C.IwasconfusedaboutCarbonPaperRegalPremium.我对Carbon

PaperRegalPremium感至!］困惑；D.Iwasshockedtherewasanameonthesecondsheet.我很震惊第二张纸上

有一个名字。故选A。

(4)推理判断题。根据最后一■段Itissuchgiftsandsuchexperiences—usuallycostinglittleornothing—that

transformalifeandlenditamotivationthatmaycontinuefordecades.(正是这样的礼物和经历---通常花费

很少或根本不花一一改变了一个人的生活，并赋予它一种可能持续几十年的动力)可推知，作者想要表达

的信息是：有长期效果的礼物是更好的选择。故选B。

这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者八岁时得到了怀特太太送的复写纸作为礼物，作者对这种东西非常着

迷，并从中学到了印刷、复制文字和传播思想的奥秘。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的

时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观

点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情

基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干

以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅

读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的

暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能

就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识

较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等

线索确定词义。

8〜11.【答案】C、D、B、A

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Duringthesummermonths,whenthedaysarelongandthesunis

bright,reindeer'stapetumlucidum（荧光膜）,amirror-likelayeratthebackoftheireye,appearsgolden,

whichhelpsbouncethemajorityoflightofftheeyes,effectivelyactinglikeapairofnaturalsunglasses.Aswinter

comes,andthedaysbecomeshorteranddarker,thetapetumlucidumturnsbluetoabsorbmorelight,allowing

reindeertoimprovetheirnightvisionandseeclearinlowlightconditions.（在夏季的几个月里，白天变长，阳

光充足，驯鹿眼睛后部的镜面状的荧光膜呈现出金色，有助于反射眼睛上的大部分光线，有效地起到一副

天然太阳镜的作用。随着冬天的到来，白天变短变暗，荧光膜变成蓝色以吸收更多的光线，这使得驯鹿能

够提高他们的夜视能力，在弱光条件下也能看得更清楚）可知，荧光膜帮助驯鹿适应季节变化。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中ThisUVvisionenablesthemtospotfoodandpredatorsmoreeffectivelyin

thesnowylandscape.（这种紫外线视觉使它们能够在雪地里更有效地发现食物和捕食者）可知，紫外线视

觉让驯鹿在雪天更好地定位食物和天敌。故选D。

（3）词义猜测题。根据第四段Inwinter,thecollagenfibersbecomepackedtighter,causingthetapetum

lucidumtomainlyreflectbluelight.Thischangehappenswhenreindeerdilatetheirpupils（瞳孔）.Insummer,

thereindeer'spupilsreturntoasmallersize,whichhelpsreindeerreducetheamountoflightenteringtheeye.

（在冬天，胶原纤维变得更紧，导致荧光膜主要反射蓝光。在夏天，驯鹿的瞳孔会变小，这有助于驯鹿减

少进入眼睛的光线量）可知，冬天瞳孔会变大，增加进入眼睛的光线量，dilate意思应该是”扩大"，与

expand意思相近。A.Relax放松；B.Expand扩大；C.Narrow缩小；D.Hide躲藏。故选B。

（4）写作意图题。根据最后一段中Today,theincreasinguseofartificiallighting,especiallyduringthe

wintermonths,posesapotentialthreattotheirsensitiveeyes.Itcanmakereindeerlosetheirway,affectingtheir

abilitytosurviveintheirchallengingenvironment.Soitiscrucialforustobemindfulofouruseofelectricityand

makeeffortstominimizelightpollutiontoensurethewell-beingandsurvivalofthesemagnificentcreatures.（如

今，人工照明的使用越来越多，尤其是在冬季，这对它们敏感的眼睛构成了潜在的威胁。它会使驯鹿迷失

方向，影响它们在恶劣环境中的生存能力。因此，对我们来说至关重要的是要注意我们的用电，努力减少

光污染，以确保这些出色生物的健康和生存）可推知，本段主要呼吁我们保护驯鹿免受光污染。故选A。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了北极驯鹿的眼睛会随着季节变化而改变颜色，从而适应环境中的光线

量，而且它们拥有紫外线视觉，能够在雪地中更好地发现食物和天敌，但是人工照明的使用对驯鹿敏感的

眼睛构成了潜在的威胁，我们应当保护驯鹿免受光污染。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔

细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。做题时要在抓住关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌

胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有据。

12〜15.【答案】A、A、C、D

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Thetoymakermakesabout4,400differentbricks.Currently,many

ofthemaremadeusingaplastic,ABS,mainlymadefromoil.（这家玩具制造商生产大约4400种不同的积

木。目前，它们中的许多都是用一种主要由石油制成的塑料ABS制成的。）可知，乐高一直试图取代由

石油制成的塑料ABS。故选A项。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段ButLegohasnowdiscoveredthataftermorethantwoyearsoftesting,ithad

foundthatusingrecycledPETdidn'treducecarbonemissions.（但乐高现在发现，经过两年多的测试，它发现

使用回收PET并不能减少碳排放。）可知，经过两年的测试，乐高发现，PET未能达到预期的目标。故选

A项。

（3）文章出处题。根据第——段ToygiantLegohasgivenuponplanstomakeitsbricksfromrecycledbottles,

inablowtoitseffortstocutcarbonemissions（排放）.Thecompanysaidin2021thatitaimed