2024年博士入学考试英语

xx博士硕士入學考试试題科目代码:1001科目名称:英語請注意:答案必须写在答題紙上（写在试題上無效）I.VocabularyandStructureDirections:Thereare20incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.本大題共20小題，每題分，本大題共10分1.Theirstudyshowsthatsportsskills_________intopersonallife.A)takeoverB)carryoverC)turnoverD)comeover2.Asimilar___________offemaletomalestudentshasbeenobservedinlawandmedicalschoolclassroomsinrecentyears.A)subordinationB)participationC)impactD)assumption3.Ithasbeenproveninnumerabletimesthatthevarioustypesofbehavior,emotions,andintereststhat________beingmasculineandfemininearepatternedbybothheredityandculture.A)constructB)assignC)constituteD)approve4.OurguesssaidsomeverythingsaboutthemealI’dcooked.A）complimentaryB）complimentedC）complementaryD）complement5.Hehassome________ideasaboutwhattodo,butnothingspecific.A)vulgarB)vagueC)delicateD)subtle6.Theteachergavemea________onthebackforgettingan“A”onthetest.A)clapB)hit C)patD)pad7.Jackisastudentwho________onactivity.A)lingers B)investsC)deserves D)thrives8.Youshould________yourletterwithaphonecall.A)followB)liftupC)followupD)passalong9.Bob’s__________commentsinsultedmeA)insincereB)overdueC)inspiringD)positive10.Hewasmentally________tokeepgoinglongafterhisbodyhadgivenup.A)sentimentalB)poeticC)sincereD)tough11.Afterthenegotiation,thepresidentleanedbackinhisseatand________hissuccess.A)savored

B)boostedC)treasuredD)reread12.Thebride’sparentsarrangedforthe________atthereception.A)entertainB)entertainmentC)entertainingD)entertainer13.Thewitness’s________ofDavidledtohisarrest.A)temptationB)clarificationC)recognitionD)knowledge14.Typicaljokesor______storieshaveathree-partanatomythatiseasilyrecognized.

A)humoristB)humorousC)humorlessD)humor15.The_______methodsoftheinvestigatorrevealedtheidentityofthemurderer.

A)analysisB)analystC)analyzeD)analytical16.It’s________thatMarywaspromotedbecausesheworkssohard.A)understandableB)understandingC)understoodD)misunderstand17.Itis__________tosaythatthetrulyhumorousindividualisnotonlywellliked,butisoftenthefocusofattentioninanygathering.A)reasoningB)reasonable C)neutralD)mutual18.Somepeopletelljokesverywellwhileothers________saysomethingfunny.A)attemptto B)tempttoC)appealtoD)struggleto19.Iwasjealousofthefootballplayer’s________inschool.A)popularityB)curiosityC)familiarityD)profession20.ItwasonlywhenIsawthepaintingonsaleforhalfthepriceIpaidforitthatIrealizedI’dbeen________.A)intriguedB)steered C)cheated D)botheredⅡ.ReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.本大題共15小題，每題1分，本大題共15分PassageOneAn82-year-oldmanwhoshotaburglarwhowastryingtobreakintohisallotmentshedwasorderedtopayhim£4000damagesyesterday.TedNewberyhadbeensleepingintheshedtotrytostopvandalsdestroyinghisallotment.Hefiredthroughaholeinthedoorwhenheheardvoicesoutside.MarkRevill,28,washitinthechestandarmby50shotgunpelletsasheandanothermantriedtosmashtheirwayintotheshed.Theyhadgonetheretosteal,knowingthatthepensionerhadatelevisionsetandawashingmachineintheshed.Mr.Newberyhadsleptintheshedeverynightforfouryearsbecauseofvandalism,thecourtwastoldbythedefense.Thatnight,heheardaloudbangingonthedoor,andavoicesaying“Iftheoldman’sinthere,we’lldohim.”Hewasabsolutelyterrified,andfiredtheguninself-defense.Asaresultoftheincident,Mr.Revilllosttwofingers,andhaspartiallylosttheuseofonearm.Mr.JusticeRougierruledthatMr.Newberyhadactedoutofallproportiontothethreat.Hehadnotactedinpanic,buthadplannedhisresponseinadvance,andithadbeenrecklesstoshoottheshotgunthroughaholeinthedoor,whilenotbeingabletoseewhathewasshootingat.Mr.JusticeRougierawardedRevill£4000forhisinjuriesandlossofearnings.Thejudgmentcausedanimmediatepublicoutcry.TimMolloney,theMayorofErewash,launchedanappealtoraisemoneytopayMr.Newbery’sbill,andstartedthefundwithacontributionof£100.Sincethen,moneyhasbeenpouringinfromalloverthecountry.ALondonrestaurateurwasoneofthedozenstocallTheTimestoexpresshisangerovertheaffair.HusseyinOzer,42,saidhewouldsellhisRolexwatchtopaytheaward.“Iamoutraged.TheoldsayingthatanEnglishman’shomeishiscastledoesnotseemtobetrueanymore,”hesaid.1.WhatdowelearnaboutMr.RevillA)Hetriedtobreakin.B)Hewasshotdead.C)HewasaneighborofMr.Newbery.D)Helivedonpension.2.Mr.NewberysaidheshotatMr.Revill______.A)outofpanicB)throughthewindowC)tofrightenhimawayD)becausehewasangrywithhim3.WhichofthefollowingopinionsdidthecourtmostprobablyagreewithA)ItwasMr.Revill’sownfaultifhewasinjured.B)Mr.Newberyhadplannedtheshooting.C)Mr.Newberyshouldhavebeensenttoprisonforwhathedid.D)Ahomeownerisentitledtoshootaburglarunderanycircumstances.4.TheMayorofErewashstartedafundtohelpMr.Newberybecausehethought______.A)Mr.NewberywasrightintryingtodefendhimselfB)Mr.NewberywastoooldtosupporthimselfC)thepoliceshouldhaveprotectedMr.NewberyD)thelocalgovernmentwaspartlyresponsiblefortheincident5.Whatistheauthor’stoneofvoiceinwritingthenewsA)Sympathetic.B)Critical.C)Objective.D)Angry.PassageTwoIsitpossibletopersuademankindtolivewithoutwarWarisanancientinstitutionwhichhasexistedforatleast6,000years.Itwasalwaysbadandusuallyfoolish,butinthepastthehumanracemanagedtolivewithit.Moderningenuityhaschangedthis.EitherManwillabolishwar,orwarwillabolishMan.Forthepresent,itisnuclearweaponthatcausesthemostseriousdanger,butbacteriologicalorchemicalweaponsmay,beforelong,offeranevengreaterthreat.Ifwesucceedinabolishingnuclearweapons,ourworkwillnotbedone.Itwillneverbedoneuntilwehavesucceededinabolishingwar.Todothisweneedtopersuademankindtolookuponinternationalquestionsinanewway,notascontestsofforce,inwhichthevictorygoestothesidewhichismostskilfulinkillingpeople,butbyarbitrationinaccordancewithagreedprinciplesoflaw.Itisnoteasytochangeveryoldmentalhabits,butthisiswhatmustbeattempted.Therearethosewhosaythattheadoptionofthisorthatideologywouldpreventwar.Ibelievethisistobeabigerror.Allideologiesarebasedondogmaticstatementswhichare,atbest,doubtful,andatworst,totallyfalse.Theiradherentsbelieveinthemsofanaticallythattheyarewillingtogotowarinsupportofthem.Themovementofworldopinionduringthepastfewyearshasbeenverylargelysuchaswecanwelcome.Ithasbecomeacommonplacethatnuclearwarmustbeavoided.Ofcourseverydifficultproblemsremainintheworld,butinthespiritinwhichtheyarebeingapproachedisabetteronethanitwassomeyearsago.Ithasbeguntobethought,evenbythepowerfulmenwhodecidewhetherweshallliveordie,thatnegotiationsshouldreachagreementsevenifbothsidesdonotfindtheseagreementswhollysatisfactory.Ithasbeguntobeunderstoodthattheimportantconflictnowadaysisnotbetweendifferentcountries,butbetweenManandtheatombomb.6.Thispassageimpliesthatwarisnow.worsethaninthepastasbadasinthepastnotsodangerousasinthepastasnecessaryasinthepast7.Inthesentence‘Todothis,weneedtopersuademankind.’(paragraph1),theword‘this’refersto.A.abolishwarB.improveweaponsC.solveinternationalproblemsD.liveapeacefullife8.Fromparagraph2welearnthatthewriterofthepassage.isanadherentofsomemodernideologiesdoesnotthinktheadoptionofsomeideologiescouldpreventwarbelievesthattheadoptionofsomeideologiescouldpreventwardoesnotdoubtthetruthofanyideologies9.Accordingtothewriter,.waristheonlywaytosolveinternationaldisputeswarwillbelessdangerousbecauseoftheimprovementofweaponsitisimpossibleforpeopletolivewithoutwarwarmustbeabolishedifmanwantstosurvive10.Thelastparagraphsuggeststhat.internationalagreementscanbereachedmoreeasilynowmanbeginstorealizethedangerofnuclearwarnuclearwarwilldefinitelynottakeplaceworldopinionwelcomesnuclearwar.PassageThreeNormallyastudentmustattendacertainnumberofcoursesinordertograduate,andeachcoursethatheattendsgiveshimacreditwhichhemaycounttowardsadegree.InmanyAmericanuniversitiesthetotalworkforadegreeconsiststhirty-sixcourseseachlastingforonesemester.Atypicalcourseconsistsofthreeclassesperweekforfifteenweeks;whileattendingauniversityastudentwillprobablyattendfourorfivecoursesduringeachsemester.Normallyastudentwouldexpecttotakefouryearsattendingtwosemesterseachyear.Itispossibletospreadtheperiodofworkforthedegreeoveralongerperiod.Itisalsopossibleforastudenttomovebetweenoneuniversityandanotherduringhisdegreecourse,thoughthisisnotinfactdoneasaregularpractice.Foreverycoursethathefollowsastudentisgivenagrade,whichisrecorded,andtherecordisavailableforthestudenttoshowtoprospectiveemployers.Allthisimposesaconstantpressureandstrainofwork,butinspiteofthissomestudentsstillfindtimeforgreatactivityinstudentaffairs.Electionstopositionsinstudentorganizationsarousemuchenthusiasm.Theeffectiveworkofmaintainingdisciplineisusuallyperformedbystudentswhoadvisetheacademicauthorities.Anystudentwhoisthoughttohavebrokentherules,forexample,bycheatinghastoappearbeforeastudentcourt.Withtheenormousnumbersofstudents,theoperationofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity.Astudentwhohasheldoneofthesepositionsofauthorityismuchrespectedanditwillbeofbenefittohimlaterinhiscareer.11.Normallyastudentwouldatleastattendclasseseachweek.A.36B.12C.20D.1512.AccordingtothefirstparagraphanAmericanstudentisallowed.toliveinadifferentuniversitytotakeaparticularcourseinadifferentuniversity.toliveathomeanddrivetoclassestogettwodegreesfromtwodifferentuniversities13.Americanuniversitystudentsareusuallyunderpressureofworkbecause.theiracademicperformancewillaffecttheirfuturecareerstheyareheavilyinvolvedinstudentaffairestheyhavetoobserveuniversitydisciplinetheywanttorunforpositionsofauthority14.Somestudentsareenthusiasticforpositionsinstudentorganizationsprobablybecause.theyhatetheconstantpressureandstrainoftheirstudytheywillthenbeabletostaylongerintheuniversitysuchpositionshelpthemgetbetterjobssuchpositionsareusuallywellpaid15.Thestudentorganizationsseemtobeeffectivein.dealingwiththeacademicaffairsoftheuniversityensuringthatthestudentsobserveuniversityregulationsevaluatingstudents’performancebybringingthembeforeacourtkeepingupthestudents’enthusiasmforsocialactivitiesⅢTranslation本大題共2小題，其中第1小題30分，第2小題20分，本大題共50分1．TranslatethefollowingintoChinese.China'sreformhasenteredacriticalstageandadeepwaterzone.Wemustrelyfullyonthepeople,breakmentalshacklesandvestedinterestswithgreatdetermination.Wewillexpandtherebuildingofrundownurbanareassothatcitieswilltakeonanewlookinsteadofhavingstretchesofrundownarease