DB43-T 2381-2022覆盆子种植技术规程

ICS65.020.20

CCSB05

43

湖南省地方标准

DB43/T2381—2022

覆盆子种植技术规程

Technicalspecificationsforplantingrubifructus

2022-07-08发布2022-10-08实施

湖南省市场监督管理局发布

DB43/T2381—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语与定义············································································································1

4产地环境···············································································································1

5育苗·····················································································································2

6定植·····················································································································2

7田间管理···············································································································3

8病虫害防治············································································································3

9采收、加工与贮运···································································································4

10档案管理··············································································································4

附录A（资料性）覆盆子主要病虫害防治方法·································································5

I

DB43/T2381—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起草。

请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。

本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。

本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。

本文件起草单位：湖南新汇制药股份有限公司、长沙新林制药有限公司、湖南中医药大学、怀化林

泉药业有限公司、怀化学院。

本文件主要起草人：何述金、王炜、李胜华、周代俊、周准、何承东、杨志辉、黄黎明、朱美成、

石尧辉、周乐学、吴长军。

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DB43/T2381—2022

覆盆子种植技术规程

1范围

本文件规定了覆盆子种植的术语和定义、产地环境、育苗、定植、田间管理、病虫害防治、采收、

加工与贮运及档案管理等内容。

本文件适用于湖南省覆盆子的种植。

2规范性引用文件

下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅

该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。

GB3095环境空气质量标准

GB5084农田灌溉水质标准

GB/T8321农药合理使用准则

GB15618土壤质量标准

NY/T496肥料合理使用准则通则

中华人民共和国药典（2020年版一部）

3术语和定义

下列术语与定义适用于本文件。

3.1

覆盆子

本文件所指覆盆子为蔷薇科植物华东覆盆子（RubuschingiiHu）的干燥果实。

4产地环境

4.1基地选取

种植基地应远离工矿企业、医院、垃圾场、畜牧场、公路主干道、居民区等污染源。

4.2土壤

土壤质量应符合GB15618的规定。

4.3水质

灌溉水质应符合GB5084的规定。

4.4空气

空气质量应符合GB3095的规定。

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DB43/T2381—2022

5育苗

5.1分株

覆盆子地下茎每年都会萌发根蘖苗，可于秋末至早春，覆盆子休眠期挖取母株，通过适当修剪根系

和枝条，将母株分成若干株，然后假植或定植。

分株繁殖要将新萌发的长植株连同带芽的的根一起挖出，于9月下旬后进行分株种植，开挖30cm

深的沟槽并施放少量农家肥，将植株移入畦床中，填埋即可，浇透水。

5.2扦插

5.2.1苗床准备

育苗前将地块耙细整平，做成宽1.0m～1.2m，长6m～10m畦。苗床要覆膜，并保持一定的湿

度。

5.2.2插条

每年11月至次年3月，挖取植株剪成20cm～30cm长做插条。插条上端在节的上方1cm处剪成

平口，下端在近节处剪成斜口，插条上的叶片全部去掉。扦插深度8cm～10cm。按10cm×10cm的

株行距斜插在准备好的苗床上。如阳光强烈，还需盖遮阳网。

5.2.3苗床管理

5.2.3.1浇水

插条扦插后当天浇一次透水，以后要保持土壤湿润，待插条生根以后浇水次数可适当减少。

5.2.3.2追肥

待插条生根以后，每667m2追施5kg～8kg尿素。肥料使用应符合NY/T496的规定。

5.2.3.3中耕除草

插条生根后即可进行中耕除草，初次中耕要浅；种苗进入旺盛生长期后，中耕深度可适当加深。

5.3壮苗规格

苗高30cm～50cm，茎基部直径0.5cm以上，根系生长良好的苗木。

6定植

6.1地块准备

海拔200～900米为宜，阳光充足为佳。选择土层深厚，疏松肥沃，排水和保水性能较好的高山棕

壤、山地黄棕壤、暗壤土壤，富含有机质，pH值5.5～7.0的地块。在土壤翻耕前，每667m2撒施生

石灰100kg～150kg，翻耕，让生石灰与土壤拌匀。

6.2整地施肥

栽植前，深耕30cm～50cm，清除树根、杂草等杂物，平整地面，做畦宽80cm，开沟深30cm、

2

DB43/T2381—2022

宽30cm。在畦面中心线上按株距0.5m开一行定植穴，直径25cm～35cm、深20cm～30cm。施基

肥，每穴施农家腐熟有机肥300g。肥料使用应符合NY/T496的规定。

6.3时间

每年11月至次年3月。选阴天定植为宜。

6.4方法

埋土深度以超过根际5cm～10cm为宜，保持根系舒展。土壤填实后浇定根水，并在上面覆盖一层

土。地上部分剪留15cm～20cm。

7田间管理

7.1中耕除草

中耕选晴天进行为宜，除草本着“除早、除小、除了”的原则和综合防治的原则进行，发现杂草，

及时清除。

7.2修剪

当新枝长至约2m时，及时摘除顶芽。适时剪除弱枝、病枝、过密的枝条以及结果后的老枝，留取

较粗壮的新枝，以利通风透光，控制合理密度，保证高产和稳产。6月上旬在枝条上架绑缚后，展叶前

不宜过晚剪除病枝，以免损伤细弱枝，每丛保留3株～7株，保证通风透光，将绑缚好的枝条梢部进行

短截，留1.7m高即可。

7.3水肥管理

华东覆盆子不耐涝，注意排水。夏秋干旱季节注意浇水。秋季落叶后，每667m2施入腐熟的农家有机

肥300kg。追肥宜于雨后晴天进行。在树干40cm～60cm一侧挖深15cm的施肥沟，将肥料均匀施入沟内，

施后覆盖一层薄土。第2年施肥时换到另一侧，隔年交替进行。肥料使用应符合NY/T496的规定。

7.4搭架引缚

4月下旬搭架引缚。单柱引缚，靠近株丛立一根支柱，将枝条绑缚；双柱引缚，在株丛之间立两根

支柱，把相邻两株丛各1／2的枝条绑扎在两根柱子上。

8病虫害防治

8.1主要病虫害

主要病害有茎腐病、锈病、白粉病，其中以叶斑病较为常见。主要虫害有穿孔蛾、蛴螬、地老虎、

蛀甲虫、柳蝙蝠蛾、卷叶蛾、天牛类等。

8.2防治原则

预防为主，综合防控。

8.3生物防治

使用生物源农药，保护和利用种植地有益生物及优势种群。

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DB43/T2381—2022

8.4物理防治

采用杀虫灯或黑光灯、粘虫板、糖醋液等诱杀害虫。整地时发现蛴螬、地老虎等及时灭杀。

8.5化学防治

使用高效、低毒、低残留农药。科学、合理、安全用药，农药使用应符合GB/T8321的规定。不得

使用国家规定的剧毒、高毒、高残留或者具有三致的农药品种，主要病虫害防治方法参见附录A。

9采收、加工与贮运

9.1采收

夏初果实由绿变绿黄时采收。

9.2加工

除去梗、叶等杂质，倒入沸水中烫2min～3min再捞出，随后摊晒或55℃～60℃烘干，水分不

超过12.0％即可。质量应符合《中华人民共和国药典》（2020年版一部）的要求。

9.3包装

应符合牢固、整洁、防潮、美观的要求。

9.4贮运

选择通风、干燥、避光、防鼠虫和防潮仓库储存，并定期检查产品保存情况。运输工具应清洁卫生、

干燥、无异味，不应与有毒、有异味、有污染的物品混装混运。运输途中应防雨、防潮、防暴晒。

10档案管理

种植单位应保存完整、真实的产地环境质量资料，生产栽培管理和销售记录。生产栽培管理和销售

记录包括投入物品、种植、收获、处理、销售等全过程记录档案。档案至少保存2年。

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DB43/T2381—2022

附录A

（资料性）

覆盆子主要病虫害防治方法

防治对象症状推荐药剂施用方法安全间隔期

一般发生在新梢上，新梢出现深70％甲基托布津可湿性粉剂

70％甲基托布津可

茎腐病灰色的病斑。造成叶片、叶柄变500倍液喷雾防治，间隔7d～15天

湿性粉剂

黄枯萎，严重时整株枯死。l0d连用2次。

发芽前期喷25％三唑酮可湿性

病叶有一层白色粉状物，引起叶25％三唑酮可湿性粉剂1200倍液预防；15天

白粉病片扭曲变形，严重时新梢生长矮粉剂、40％苯甲·嘧或40％苯甲·嘧菌酯悬浮剂

化，果实有时也受侵染菌酯悬浮剂500倍液喷雾防治，间隔7d～14天

14d连用2次

幼虫在展叶期爬上新梢，蛀入芽前期喷施发病期喷施80％敌敌

穿孔蛾80％敌敌畏乳油15天

内，肯食芽，致使新梢死亡。畏乳油1200倍液

春季开始危害嫩叶，并咬食花

2.5％敌百虫粉剂喷施2.5％敌百虫粉剂1200倍

蛀甲虫蕾、雄蕊和蜜腺，被害花蕾脱落15天

液

或者变为畸形果。

幼虫蛀害枝、干，蛀道口常呈凹5月下旬至6月上旬初龄幼虫

柳蝙蝠蛾陷环形，并由丝网粘满木屑，形2.5％溴氰菊酯乳油活动期，可喷2.5％溴氰菊酯乳15天

成木屑包。油2000倍～3000倍液。

5

DB43/T2381—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范围·····················································································································1

2规范性引用文件······································································································1

3术语与定义············································································································1

4产地环境···············································································································1

5育苗·····················································································································2

6定植·····················································································································2

7田间管理···············································································································3

8病虫害防治············································································································3

9采收、加工与贮运···································································································4

10档案管理··············································································································4

附录A（资料性）覆盆子主要病虫害防治方法·································································5

I

DB43/T2381—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规

定起