2024年湖南省岳阳市高考英语模拟试卷（含详细答案解析）

2024年湖南省岳阳市高考英语模拟试卷

一、阅读理解：本大题共15小题，共37.5分。

A

Britainisarguablythegreatwalkingnation.Abouttwo-thirdsofusalreadyheadouttostretchourlegsoncea

week.Thefollowingfestivalsofferawealthoforganizedwalks,butwalkersshouldregisterinadvance.

PrestatynandClwydianRangefestival

VisitorstoWalestendtomovewest,toeitherthewell-worntracksofSnowdoniaorthePembrokeshireCoast

Path.Thereare25walkspackedintothethreedays,withvariousoptionsavailable,includingahalf-mileRoman-

themedadventure,aneight-milewalkexploringthelifeof18th-centuryWelshnaturalistandtravelwriterThomas

Pennantanda21-mileOffa*sDykechallenge.Allwalksarefree.

Denbighshire,Wales,19一21May

Otleywalkingfestival

Thislocalfestivalhasgrownfromhumbleoriginsin2000intoabusyscheduleof50short-distancewalksand

eventscelebratingthelivesandlandscapesofWharfedaleinWestYorkshire.OnemightenjoytheFivePubsWalk,

WalkingWithWine,FourMorePubsorLostPubsofOtley.Allwalksarefree,thoughthereissometimesasmall

chargefortransport.

Otley,WestYorkshire,24June—3July

Dartmooroffroadingwalkingfestival

Dartmoordelights（使高兴）walkersbecause,whiletracksaretheretobefollowed,thelackofwireandother

barriers,andtherelativelysmallnumberoffarmbuildingsonthehigherground,createasensationoffreedom.The

sixfreewheelchairwalks,startingdailyat11am,exploreDartmoor*sindustrialhistory,bronzeagevaluablesand

Victorianrailwaybuilders.

Devon,27August一2September

Gowerwalkingfestival

Withmoresuperbwalkingoptionsinsideasinglelandscapethanperhapsanywhereelse,theGowerpeninsula

（半岛）sometimesfeelsasifit'sallcoast.Thefurtherinformationforthisnine-dayfestival,celebratingthe10th

anniversaryoftheWalesCoastPath（WCP）,hasyettobefinalized.Halfofthewalksofferedduringthefestival

willbeonthecoastalpath.£10adults,over-sixes£6.

Glamorgan,2一10September

1.Whichfestivalisfriendlytothedisabled?

A.PrestatynandClwydianRangefestival.

B.Otleywalkingfestival.

C.Dartmooroffroadingwalkingfestival.

D.Gowerwalkingfestival.

2.WhatdoweknowaboutGowerwalkingfestival?

A.Ithasthemostsuperbwalkingoptions.

B.Halfofthewalkslastforawholeweek.

C.It'saimedtoadvocatecoastalprotection.

D.Thefinaldetailsremaintobeconfirmed.

3.Whatdothelistedfestivalshaveincommon?

A.Theyareofferedfreeofcharge.

B.Theyrequirepriorregistration.

C.Theytakeadvantageofthecoast.

D.Theyarefavoredbyantiqueenthusiasts.

B

In1975,aSanDiegohomemakernamedMaijorieRicecameacrossacolumninScientificAmericanabouttiling

（瓷砖）.ThereisaproblemwhichhasinterestedmathematicianssinceancientGreektimes.AfterRice'schance

encounterwithtiling,familymembersoftensawherinthekitchenconstantlydrawingshapes."Ithoughtshewas

justdrawingcasually（随意），"herdaughterKathysaid.ButRicewhotookonlyoneyearofmathinhigh

school,wasactuallydiscoveringnever-before-seenpatterns.

BorninFlorida,shelovedlearningandparticularlyherbriefexposuretomath,buttightbudgetandsocial

culturepreventedherfamilyfromevenconsideringthatshemightattendcollege."ForRice,mathwasa

pleasure,"hersonDavidoncesaid.

RicegaveoneofhersonsasubscriptiontoScientificAmericanpartlybecauseshecouldreaditcarefullywhilethe

childrenwereatschool.WhenshereadGardner'scolumnabouttilingasshelaterrecalledinaninterview："I

thoughtitmustbewonderfulthatsomeonecoulddiscoverthesebeautifulpatternswhichnoonehadseen

before."Shealsowroteinanessay,"MyinterestwasengagedbythesubjectandIwantedtounderstandevery

detailofit.Lackingamathematicalbackground,Idevelopedmyownsymbolsystemandinafewmonths

discoveredanewtype."

Astonishedanddelighted,shesentherworktoGardner,whosentittoDoris,atilingexpertatMoravian

College.DorisconfirmedthatRice*sfindingwascorrect.

Later,Ricedeclinedtolectureonherdiscoveries,citingshyness,butatDoris'sinvitation,sheattendeda

universitymathematicsmeeting,whereshewasintroducedtotheaudience.Ricestillsaidnothingofher

achievementstoherchildren,buttheyeventuallyfoundoutastheawardsmounted.

4.WhydidRiceoftendrawshapesinthekitchen?

A.Tobecomeamathematician.B.Toexplorethesecretoftiling.

C.Tofillherleisuretime.D.Toshowherpassionfordrawing.

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutRicefromParagraphs2and3?

A.Shelongedtostartacolumn.

B.Shewasrejectedfromacollege.

C.Shewasgoodatdesigningpatterns.

D.Shesucceededindevelopingasystem.

6.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themagicofmath.B.TheeffortsofRice.

C.ThehumilityofRice.D.Thepatternsoftiling.

7.WhatcanwelearnfromtheRice'sexperience?

A.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Everycloudhasasilverlining.

D.Practicemakesperfect.

c

Fordecades,scientiststhoughtofthebrainasthemostvaluableandconsequentlymostcloselyguardedpartofthe

body.Lockedsafelybehindtheblood-brainbarrier,itwasbroadlyfreeoftheharmofvirusesandthebattles

startedbytheimmunesystem（免疫系统）.Then,about20yearsago,someresearchersbegantowonder：is

thebrainreallysoseparatedfromthebody?Theanswer,accordingtoagrowingbodyofevidence,isno.

Thelistofbrainconditionsthathavebeenassociatedwithchangeselsewhereinthebodyislongand

growing.Changesinthemake-upofthemicroorganisms（微生物）inthedigestivesystemhavebeenlinkedto

disorderssuchasParkinson'sdisease.Thereisalsoatheorythatinfectionduringpregnancy（孕期）couldleadto

braindiseasesinbabies.

Theeffectistwo-way.Thereisalengtheninglistofsymptomsnottypicallyviewedasdisordersofthenervous

system,butthebrainplaysalargepartinthem.Forexample,thedevelopmentofafeverisinfluencedbya

populationofnervecellsthatcontrolbodytemperatureandappetite.Evidenceismountingthatcancersusenerves

togrowandspread.

Theinterconnectionbetweenbrainandbodyhaspromisingimplicationsforourabilitytobothunderstandandtreat

illnesses.Ifsomebraindisordersstartoutsidethebrain,thenperhapstreatmentsforthemcouldalsoreachinfrom

outside.Treatmentsthattakeeffectthroughthedigestivesystem,theheartorotherorgans,wouldbemucheasier

andlessriskythanthosethatmustcrosstheblood-brainbarrier.

Italsoworksintheoppositedirection.Studyshowsmicehavehealthierheartsafterreceivingstimulationtoabrain

areainvolvedinpositiveemotionandmotivation.Activationofthebrainrewardcentre一calledtheventral

tegmentalarea（VTA）-seemstocauseimmunechangesthatcontributetoit.Workingouthowthishappens

couldhelptodestroycancers,enhanceresponsestovaccines（疫苗）andevenre-evaluatephysicaldiseases

that,forcenturies,havenotbeenconsideredasbeingpsychologicallydriven.

8.Whatdotheresearchersfocusonaboutthebrain?

A.Itsprotectingsystem.B.Itsexposuretodiseases.

C.Itscontrollingfunction.D.Itsconnectiontothebody.

9.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisideainparagraph2?

A.Byexplainingatheory.B.Byprovidingexamples.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bypresentingcauseandeffect.

10.Whichbestdescribestreatmentsthatdonotcrosstheblood-brainbarrier?

A.Cheaper.B.Morespecific.C.Safer.D.Moredirect.

11.Whatdoesthestudysuggestinthelastparagraph?

A.Brainhealthdependsonimmunechanges.

B.Brainstimulationleadstonegativeemotions.

C.Thebraincanhelpenhancepsychologicalhealth.

D.Thebrainmaybekeytotreatingphysicaldiseases.

D

Evolution（进化）canperformextraordinarymakeovers；today'sairbornesongbirdsevolvedfromthe

wingless,earthbounddinosaursthatwanderedmillionsofyearsago.Butsomeorganismsseemtobeunchanged一

inotherwords,escapenaturalselection.Thecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,isnearlyidenticaltoits410-

million-year-oldfossils.

Scientistshavelongwonderedhowthesespeciesdoso.Ithasbeenassumedthatnaturalselectionkeepssome

speciesunchangedbyselectingformoderateoraveragequalities（stabilizingselection）ratherthanselectingfor

moreextremequalitiesthatwouldcauseaspeciestochange（directionalselection）.

ButastudypublishedintheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAcontradictsthisidea,showingthatevolution

constantlyfavorsdifferentqualitiesinseeminglyunchanginganimalstoimproveshort-termsurvival.Inthelong

term,though,"allthatevolutioncancelsoutandleadstonochange,"saysthestudy'sleadauthor,James

Stroud.

Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedfourlizard（蜥蜴）species,allrelativelyunchangedfor20millionyears.The

researcherscaughtmembersofthesepopulationseverysixmonthsforthreeyears.Theymeasuredeachlizard's

headsize,leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofitsstickytoes（月却趾头）,notingwhich

individualssurvived.Stroudexpectedtoobservestabilizingselectionatworkpreservingmoderatequalities.Instead

hesawclearerevidenceofdirectionalselection：somelizardswithuniquecharacteristics,suchasstickiertoes,

survivedbetter.

Thestudyoffers"agoodexplanationforwhyweseewhatwethinkisstabiliringselection,“saysTadashi

Fukami,anecologiststudyingevolutionatStanfordUniversity.Manynewqualitiesareevolvingintheshort

term,buttheydon*tprovideacrucialadvantageoverthelongterm.Inotherwords,speciesstayingunchanged

maysimplyhavefoundthebestpossiblecombinationofqualitiesforlastingsuccessintheirenvironment.Sowhat

happenswhenthelizards'environmentchangesmoredramatically?Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,Stroud

isstillmakingtripstovisitthelizards.

12.Whydoestheauthormentionthe"coelacanthfish"inparagraph1?

A.Todemonstratethepowerofevolution.

B.Toaddevidencetonaturalselection.

C.Togiveanexampleofunchangedspecies.

D.Toprovespecies*extraordinarymakeovers.

13.What*sthefocusofparagraph2?

A.Unsolvedmysteries.B.Acommonbelief.

C.Asharpcontrast.D.UniqueCharacteristics.

14.HowdidStroudconducthisresearch?

A.Byanalyzinglizardfossils.

B.Bytrackingresearchobjects.

C.Byillustratingstabilizingselection.

D.Bycategorizingqualitiesoflizards.

15.WhatwillStroudprobablydointhefuture?

A.Maketripstovisitlizardexperts.

B.Summarizeaveragefeaturesoflizards.

C.Revealthebestcombinationsofqualities.

D.Examinelizardsunderextremeconditions.

二、阅读七选五：本大题共5小题，共12.5分。

Doyouthinkyouneedtoshoutatyourselftoforceyourselftofinishyourhomework?Ifso,thinkagain.(1)

Researchshowsthatpracticingself-compassion(自我关怀)improvesourmentalandphysicalwell­

beingandsupportslong-termsuccess.

Self-compassionisthepracticeofbeingkindandsupportivetoourselves.Theoppositeisbeingself-criticaland

meantoourselveswhenwemakeamistake.(2)Thesenegativeresponsesarerelatedtodepression,

stressandreducedqualityoflife.

A2017studyfoundpeoplewhopracticeself-compassiontendtohandlestressbetter.Theirbodieshavelessofa

stressresponsewhen,forexample,theymeetwithdifficultiesatworkorschool.(3)Let'ssaytheydo

poorlyonageometrytest.Self-compassionhelpsthemusetheexperiencetomakechangesgoingforward,like

seekingoutamathtutor.

(4)Wecanstartwithmindfulness.Firstofall,practiceobservingourthoughts一arethey

understandingorcritical?Don'tjudgeourselvestooseverelythen.Ratherthangettingcaughtupinhowwecould

havedonebetter,forgiveourselvesandthinkaboutwhattochangewhileremainingrespectful,andlovingto

ourselves.(5)Wecanreadanovel,playamusicalinstrumentorkickaroundasoccerballwithfriends.

Withpractice,wecanlearntotreatourselveswithkindnessandunconditionallove——nottoughlove.

A.Sohowdowedevelopself-compassion?

B.Itmaybemoreeffectivetobekindtoyourself.

C.Itincludeslettinggoofyourstrictself-criticism.

D.Mindfulnessisthekeytopracticingself-compassion.

E.Butthisapproachdoesnotmakeusfeelorperformbetter.

F.Theyhavemoreconfidencetolookforareaswheretheycanimprove.

G.Also,showourselveskindnessinwaysthatnourish(滋养)ourspiritandbody.

16.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

20.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.F

G.G

三、完形填空：本大题共15小题，共15分。

LaurenSchroederwasvolunteeringatacommunityfoodbankatage14.Asshefiledbagswith(1)

groceries,shenoticedthattherewereplentyoffoodthatcameincansandboxes,butshedidn'tseeanything.

(2)andhealthytogivetofamiliesinneed.

Inspiredtomakea(3),shetoldherparentsthatshewantedtostartavegetablegardenontheirfarm,

sothatpeoplecouldgetthe(4)theyneeded.Althoughtheywere(5),herparentsmadeher

awareofhowmuchworkitwouldtake.Still,theteenagerwasupforthe(6).

Laurenmanagedtoreceivea(n)(7)fromayouthorganizationtopayforseedsandgardening(8)

.Shedidalotofresearchonlinetofindoutwhatplants(9)andwhatdidn't,whatneeded

shade,andwhichonesneededmorewater.Overthehotanddrysummer,she(10)hercropsforweeds

andwateredthembyhandeveryday.Herfirstharvestresultedin40poundsofproducethatshethen(11)

gaveawaytolocalfoodbanks,asoupkitchen,andanursinghome.

More(12)thanever,sherelaunchedherproject,doublingthesizeofhergardenand(13)

hervegetableselection.Sofar,shehasspentover1,000hoursworkinginhergardenanddonated7,000

poundsofhome-grownproduce.

"Ilove(14),"saidLauren,now17."Manypeoplehelpyouout,butitmakesmore(15)

whenyouhelpotherpeopleout.”

21.A.preservedB.donatedC.selectedD.traded

22.A.necessaryB.beautifulC.valuableD.fresh

23.A.changeB.requestC.choiceD.profit

24.A.guidanceB.informationC.nutritionD.service

25.A.supportiveB.doubtfulC.protectiveD.mindful

26.A.competitionB.performanceC.assignmentD.challenge

27.A.invitationB.fundC.opinionD.certificate

28.A.methodsB.productsC.suppliesD.lessons

29.A.workedB.developedC.happenedD.improved

30.A.arrangedB.checkedC.preparedD.exchanged

31.A.carefullyB.secretlyC.temporarilyD.generously

32.A.amusedB.relievedC.motivatedD.exhausted

33.A.expandingB.assessingC.presentingD.defending

34.A.movingonB.weighingupC.showingoffD.givingback

35.A.effortB.differenceC.moneyD.progress

四、语法填空：本大题共1小题，共15分。

36.Literallytranslatedasthe"SongsofHeroes"dance,YinggeDanceis300-year-oldfolkdancethatoriginated

fromtheChaoshanareaofSouthChina'sGuangdongProvince.(1)(dress)incolorfulcostumes,

performerswavewoodensticksintheirhands(2)dancinginorderlyformationstothemusic.Basedon

thestoriesofthe108HeroesofLiangshanMountainfromtheclassicnovelOutlawsoftheMarsh,itisafolkart

combiningavarietyofforms,(3)martialartsandChineseoperastodance.

Inrecentyears,ChaoshanYinggeDancehas(4)(gradual)comeintothepubliceyethrough

transformationsinperformanceform,styleoptimization,andopeningupofinformationchannels.IntheSpring

FestivaloftheDragonYear,YinggeDanceonceagain(5)(dominate)thescreens,(6)

(it)dazzlingandfierywaveofpopularitycontinuingthroughouttheholiday,evensparking(7)

brilliantculturalpassionoverseas.

OnthefirstandseconddaysoftheLunarNewYear,theNanshanYinggeTeamfromGuangdong'sPuningmade

appearancesat(8)(icon)Britishlandmarks-theBurlingtonArcadeandTrafalgarSquare-(9)

(bring)NewYeargreetingsfromGuangdongtooverseasChineseandforeignfriendsalike.The

performancesattractedoversevenhundredthousandspectatorsandreceived(10)(cover)fromover

ahundredmediaoutlets.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、书面表达：本大题共2小题，共40分。

37.你校计划举办主题为"极简电子产品生活方式一Alifestyleofdigitalminimalism"的英语作文比赛，请你

写一则通知，内容包括：

(1)介绍比赛目的；

(2)说明参赛要求。

注意：

(1)写作词数应为80个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

WelcometoJointheEnglishWritingCompetition___

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Afterabusyweek,Emilyandherparentsdecidedtogoonamountainpicnic.Theylongedtofullyexperience

nature'sbeautyandenjoyqualityfamilytime.Littledidtheyknow,thisoutingwouldbefilledwithunexpected

twistsandturns(波折).

Arrivingatthemountain'sbase,theydiscoveredahouse,infrontofwhichMikeandhisfatherhadjustfinished

loadingaboatontoMike*struck.Emilyapproachedthemandaskedforthebestpicnicspotinthearea.Knowingthe

mountainwell,Mikesuggestedalocationabouttwohours'walkaway."Itsworththeeffort,“heassuredthem.

ParkingtheircarnexttoMike'struckandcarryingtheirpicnicsupplies,Emilyandherparentssetoffonthe

windingroad.Tallgreentreesononeside,aflowingstreamontheother,theroadeventuallyledthemtoa

breathtakingclearingdottedwithcolorfulwildflowers.Theyenjoyedtheirdelicioussandwiches,fruits,and

snacks,engaginginpleasantconversations.

Justastheyfinishedtheirmealandsettleddowntorelax,darkcloudsunexpectedlyrolledin.ltlookedlike

rain.Panicked,theyhurriedlysetupthetenttheyhadbrought.Nosoonerhadtheyenteredthanraindropsbegan

pouringontheroof.Heavyrainenvelopedthesurroundings,makingitimpossibletoseeanything.Theyhadno

choicebuttopatientlywaititout.

Afterwhatfeltlikeacentury,therainceased.Emilyandherparentswastednotimepackinguptheirbelongings,

readytogetdownhill.However,theirexcitementturnedtoworrywhentheydiscoveredthatthesmallstreamthey

hadpreviouslycrossedhadturnedintoawideandimpassableriver.Withnocellphonesignal,theyweretrapped

withoutameansofseekinghelp.Tomakemattersworse,darknesswasapproaching.

注意：

(1)续写词数应为150个左右；

(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Suddenly,theyheardthesoundofavehiclefromacrosstheriver.

Emilyandherparentsboardedtheboat.

答案和解析

1~3.【答案】C、D、B

【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国四个有名的步行节。

1.

根据Dartmooroffroadingwalkingfestival部分中的Dartmoordelights（使高兴）walkersbecause,...createa

sensationoffreedom.（Dartmoor让步行者感到高兴，因为尽管有小路可走，但没有电线和其他障碍物，高

地上相对较少的农场建筑，给人一种自由的感觉）可推知，这里对残疾人也是有帮助的。故选C。

2.

根据Gowerwalkingfestival部分中的Thefurtherinformationforthisnine-dayfestival,celebratingthe10th

anniversaryoftheWalesCoastPath（WCP）,hasyettobefinalized.（这个为期九天的节日庆祝威尔士海岸小径

（WCP）十周年，其进一步信息尚未最终确定））可知，关于Gowerwalkingfestival最后的细节还有待确

定。故选D。

3.

根据第——段中的Thefollowingfestivalsofferawealthoforganizedwalks,butwalkersshouldregisterinadvance.

（接下来的节日提供了丰富的有组织的步行活动，但步行者应该提前登记）可知，这些节日的共同点是：

要求提前登记。故选B。

4〜7.【答案】B、D、B、A

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段AfterRice'schanceencounterwithtiling,familymembersoftensaw

herinthekitchenconstantlydrawingshapes.（Rice偶然接触瓷砖后，家人经常看到她在厨房里不停地画形

状。）和第三段Shealsowroteinanessay,"MyinterestwasengagedbythesubjectandIwantedtounderstand

everydetailofit.（她还在一篇文章中写道，”我对这个主题很感兴趣，我想了解它的每一个细节。）可知，

Rice对瓷砖这个主题很感兴趣，想了解它的每一个细节，可得出因为想探索瓷砖的秘密，所以Rice经常在

厨房里画形状。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段Lackingamathematicalbackground,Idevelopedmyownsymbolsystemand

inafewmonthsdiscoveredanewtype.（由于缺乏数学背景，我开发了自己的符号系统，并在几个月内发现

了一种新的类型。）可知，Rice成功地开发了一个系统。故选D。

（3）主旨大意题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了主要讲述了圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里•赖斯的家庭主妇在

《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己

的符号系统，发现了以前从未见过的图案。B.TheeffortsofRice.（赖斯的努力。）符合文意。故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章内容，主要讲述了主要讲述了圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里•赖斯的家庭主妇在

《科学美国人》杂志上偶然看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己

的符号系统，发现了以前从未见过的图案。因此文章告诉我们A.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.（世

上无难事，只怕有心人。）符合文意，故选A。

本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了圣地亚哥一位名叫马乔里•赖斯的家庭主妇在《科学美国人》杂志上偶然

看到一篇关于瓷砖的专栏文章，凭借自己对数学的热情潜心研究，开发了自己的符号系统，发现了以前从

未见过的图案。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔

细分析。

8~11.【答案】D、B、C、D

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段的Then,about20yearsago,someresearchersbeganto

wonder：isthebrainreallysoseparatedfromthebody?*（然后，大约20年前，一些研究人员开始怀疑:大

脑真的与身体如此分离吗？）可知，研究人员想知道大脑跟身体是不是真的如此分离开，也就是他们是否

联系紧密，故答案为D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Thelistofbrainconditionsthathavebeenassociatedwithchangeselsewherein

thebodyislongandgrowing.Changesinthemake-upofthemicroorganisms（微生物）inthedigestivesystem

havebeenlinkedtodisorderssuchasParkinson'sdisease.Thereisalsoatheorythatinfectionduringpregnancy

（孕期）couldleadtobraindiseasesinbabies.（与身体其他部位变化相关的大脑疾病清单很长，而且还在不

断增加。消化系统中微生物构成的变化与帕金森病等疾病有关。还有一种理论认为，怀孕期间的感染可能

会导致婴儿脑部疾病。）可知作者在第2段中举例支持他的观点。故答案为B。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Treatmentsthattakeeffectthroughthedigestivesystem,theheartorother

organs,wouldbemucheasierandlessriskythanthosethatmustcrosstheblood-brainbarrier.（通过7肖化系统、

心脏或其他器官发挥作用的治疗方法将比那些必须穿过血脑屏障的治疗方法更容易、风险更低。）可知不

穿过血脑屏障的治疗更安全。故答案为Co

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Italsoworksintheoppositedirection.Studyshowsmicehavehealthierhearts

afterreceivingstimulationtoabrainareainvolvedinpositiveemotionandmotivation.Activationofthebrain

rewardcentre—calledtheventraltegmentalarea（VTA）-seemstocauseimmunechangesthatcontributeto

it.Workingouthowthishappenscouldhelptodestroycancers,enhanceresponsestovaccines（疫苗）andeven

re-evaluatephysicaldiseasesthat,forcenturies,havenotbeenconsideredasbeingpsychologicallydriven.（反

过来也一样。研究表明，老鼠在大脑中涉及积极情绪和动机的区域受到刺激后，心脏更健康。大脑奖赏中

心一一被称为腹侧被盖区（VTA）——的激活似乎会导致免疫变化。弄清楚这是如何发生的可能有助于消

灭癌症、增强对疫苗的反应，甚至重新评估数百年来不被认为是心理驱动的身体疾病。）可知大脑可能是

治疗身体疾病的关键。故答案为D。

本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人脑和身体在病理上的紧密联系以及给我们治疗疾病带来的启示。考查考

生对语篇细节信息的理解能力和基于信息进行推断的能力。核心价值在于引导考生关注医学研究领域的最

新信息，培养学生辩证看待事物的关系的能力以及探究问题的科学精神。

做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔

细分析。

12~15.【答案】C、B、B、D

【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段Butsomeorganismsseemtobeunchanged—inotherwords,

escapenaturalselection.Thecoelacanth,amodern-dayfish,isnearlyidenticaltoits41O-million-year-oldfossils.

（但是有些生物似乎没有变化一一换句话说，逃脱了自然选择。腔棘鱼是一种现代鱼类，与其4.1亿年前

的化石几乎相同。）可知作者在第一段中提到“腔棘鱼”是为了举一个物种不变的例子。故答案为C。

（2）段落大意题。根据文章第二段Ithasbeenassumedthatnaturalselectionkeepssomespeciesunchangedby

selectingformoderateoraveragequalities（stabilizingselection）ratherthanselectingformoreextreme

qualitiesthatwouldcauseaspeciestochange（directionalselection）.（有人认为，自然选择通过选择中等或

平均质量（稳定选择）而不是选择会导致物种变化的更极端质量（定向选择）来保持某些物种不变。）可

知第二段的重点是一个普遍观点。故答案为B。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章第四段Stroudandhiscolleaguesstudiedfourlizard（蜥蜴）species,all

relativelyunchangedfor20millionyears.Theresearcherscaughtmembersofthesepopulationseverysixmonths

forthreeyears.Theymeasuredeachlizard'sheadsize,leglength,massandheight,aswellasthesizeofits

stickytoes（脚趾头），notingwhichindividualssurvived.（斯特劳德和他的同事研究了四种蜥蜴，它们在

2000万年里都相对没有变化。研究人员在三年内每六个月捕捉一次这些蜥蜴。他们测量了每只蜥蜴的头部

大小、腿长、质量和高度，以及粘性脚趾的大小，并记录了哪些个体幸存下来。）可知斯特劳德通过跟踪

研究对象进行研究。故答案为B。

（4）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Tohelpanswerthisbiggerquestion,Stroudisstillmakingtripstovisit

thelizards.（为了帮助回答这个更大的问题，斯特劳德仍在走访这些蜥蜴。）可知斯特劳德将来可能会在

极端条件下研究蜥蜴。故答案为D。

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家对某些物种在长时间内看似未发生进化变化的现象进行研究。

传统观点认为是自然选择维持了物种的稳定性，但最新研究指出，这些物种实际上在短期内会经历有利于

生存的特征变化，但这些变化在长期看来互相抵消，导致总体上没有显著进化。

一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。

阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的

时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观

点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。

二、看题干，带着问题读文章。

首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情

基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干

以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅

读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。

三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。

在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的

暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能

就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer,imply,suggest,indicate等。

四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。

猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识

较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等

线索确定词义。

16~20.【答案】B、E、F、A、G

【解析】（1）联系上文题。Doyouthinkyouneedtoshoutatyourselftoforceyourselftofinishyour

homework?Ifso,thinkagain（你认为你需要对自己大喊大叫来强迫自己完成作业吗？如果是的话，再想

想。）可知，提到可能通过对自己的大吼大叫来促使自己完成作业的这一情况，后文提到Researchshows

thatpracticingself-compassion（自我关怀）improvesourmentalandphysicalwell-beingandsupportslong­

termsuccess.（研究表明，练习自我同情可以改善我们的身心健康，并有助于长期的成功。）可知，研究表

明对自己鼓励和关怀有利于自身长期的成功，说明对自己好一点可能在促使自己完成一件事上更加有效

果。B项"Itmaybemoreeffectivetobekindtoyourself."（善待自己可能会更有效。）符合语境。故选B。

（2）语境衔接题。根据前文提到Self-compassionisthepracticeofbeingki