2024年成人学位英语复习资料

一、時态和語态1.怎样解答時态問題例1You’vealreadymissedtoomanyclassesthisterm.You______justlastweek.A.missedB.wouldmissC.hadmissedD.havemissed例2AnneaskedTom______thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft考试重點2.与完毕時有关的時态★目前完毕時(havedone)since,for/inthepastfewmonths,uptonow例1Collectingtoycarsasahobbybecomesincreasinglypopularduringthepastfiftyyears.ABCD例2English______inanewwayatmycollegeinthepastfewyears.A.hasbeentaughtB.wasbeingtaughtC.hasbeentaughtD.hadbeentaught.★過去完毕時(haddone)例3AnneaskedTom______thekey.A.whenheleftB.wherehehadleftC.howheleftD.whydidheleft例4Thechemistryclass_____forfiveminuteswhenwehurriedthere.A.hadbeenonB.hadbegunC.hasbeenonD.wouldbegan★未来完毕時(willhavedone)by例5We’relateIexpectthefilm_____bythetimewegettothecinema.A.hadalreadystartedB.havealreadyC.willalreadyhavestartedD.havealreadybeenstarted.★目前完毕進行時(havebeendoing)例6Itseemsoil___________fromthispipeforsometime.We'llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputitright.A.hadleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleaking★過去完毕進行時(hadbeendoing)★未来完毕進行時(willhavebeendoing)例7Bythetimeyouarrivethisevening,_______fortwohours.A.IwillstudyB.IwillhavebeenstudiedC.IhadstudiedD.Iwillhavebeenstudying.3.在時间和条件状語從句中不用未来時态▲用一般目前時替代一般未来時例1Whenthemixture_____,itwillgiveoffapowerfulforce.A.willheatB.willbeheatedC.isheatedD.hasheated例2pleasebesuretotelephonemethenexttimeyou______.A.willcomeB.wouldcomeC.shallcomeD.come▲用目前完毕時替代未来完毕時例3Smithistostudymedicineassoonashe_______militaryservice.A.willfinishB.hasfinishedC.finishD.wouldfinish注意例4Noonecanbesureifthecarondisplayfitshimorheruntilheorshe______them.A.triesB.willtryC.aretryingD.havetried4.考试小窍门◆考试中假如碰到与完毕時态有关的选项要重點加以研讀一般說来是對的答案。二、情态動詞1.几种情态動詞的否认式的含义can’tmaynotmustn’tneed’t2.表达推测的几种情态動詞使用方法★must表达肯定的推测意思是“一定”+do對目前状况的推测must+havedone對過去状况的推测例1I________asleepinthecorner,forIremembernothingofwhathappenedduringthenightA.mightfallB.mustfallC.musthavefallenD.canhavefallen★can’t/could’t表达否认的推测意思是“不也許”+do對目前状况的推测can’t/couldn’t+havedone對過去状况的推测★may/mightnot表达也許性很小的推测意思是“也許„”+do對目前状况的推测may/might+havedone對過去状况的推测3.情态動詞的完毕時虚拟語气的使用方法needn’thavedoneshouldhavedoneshouldnothavedoneoughttohavedonecouldhavedone4.考试小窍门在碰到情态動詞加完毕時和情态動詞加原形同步出現的状况下一般說来情态動詞加完毕時是對的答案。×Mustdo√Musthavedone三、虚拟語气考试重點1.条件句中的虚拟語气例IwouldaskGeorgetolendusthemoneyifI______him.A.hadknownB.haveknownC.knewD.wouldknow例Ifabettermaterial______,thestrengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased.A.hadbeenusedB.hadbeenusingC.beingusedD.using条件句中的虚拟語气需要注意如下三點假如条件句中有were,had,should時可以把if省略然後把這三個單詞提前形成倒装。例3_____theadviceofhisfriends,hewouldnothavesufferedsuchaheavylossinhisbusiness.A.IfhetookB.ifheshouldtakeC.WerehetotakeD.Hadhetaken含蓄条件句中虚拟語气的应用三级考试中常常出現的三個句型Butfor/without„„„„„,otherwise/or„„„,but/though„.例Butforyourhelp,I_____theworkintime.A.didnotfinishB.couldnotfinishA.willnotfinishD.wouldnothavefinished例Withoutelectricity,humanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe例Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwisehe_____tothemeeting.A.wouldhavecomeB.wouldcomeC.couldcomeD.hadcome例Wewouldhavemadealotofmoney,butwehalfwayA.gaveupB.hadgivenupgiveupD.weretogiveup錯综時间条件句例IfIwereyou,Iwouldnothavemissedthefilmlastnight.2.(should)+動詞原形在某些從句中的应用(1)當宾語從句從的谓語是suggest,request,insist,desire,demand,propose,order,command,arrange等動詞時,如:例Isuggestedthatweshouldgothereonfoot.注意:當insist表达坚持认為之意時,不用虚拟語气,用陈說語气.如:例Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemoney(2)Itisordered/desired/decided/requested/strange/important/natural/等後的主語從句中例Itisdesiredthatweshouldgeteverythingreadytonight(3)advice,idea,order,plan,demand,proposal,suggestion,request等名詞之後的表語從句和同位語從句中.如:例Mysuggestionisthatweshouldholdameetingthisevening3.wish後的宾与從句中应當用虚拟語气4.ifonly引导的感慨句中5.asif/asthough引导的状語從句中6.wouldrather後的句子的虚拟語气谓語動詞用過去式7.itis(high)timethat„.句型中,從句的谓語動詞用過去式四、非谓語動詞1.不定式不定式的逻辑主語例Theroadiswildenoughforcarstopassby.例Itisimportantforyoutoworkhard.例Itiskindofyoutohelpme.不定式的時态和語态例Themagnificentmuseumissaid_____aboutahundredyearsago.A.tobebuiltB.tohavebeenbuiltC.tohavebuiltD.tohavebeingbuilt使用不带to的不定式1)whynotdo表达委婉的提议例Whynot_____ProfessorLiforhelpHeiskind-heartedandwillingtohelp.A.askB.youaskC.toaskD.yourasking2)使役動詞have,make,let的背面接不定式做宾語补足語時用省to的不定式。例Theteacherhasthestudents_____acompositioneveryotherweek.A.towriteB.writtenC.writingD.write例Whilehewasclimbingthehighmountain,hehadhisleg_____A.brokeB.breakC.brokenD.breaking例Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimself_____A.hearingB.beingtoldC.tohearD.heard3)表达生理感覺的動詞如see,watch,notice,observe,hear背面接不定式做宾語补足語時用省to的不定式。例Withtearsonherface,theoldladywatchedthelittleboy_____toahospital.A.sendB.tobesentC.beingsentD.sending4)dosomethingbut/exceptdo例Thereisnothingwecando_____wait.A.butB.ratherthanC.inspiteofC.besides.5)记住下列不带to的短語can’tbutcan’thelpbuthadbetter2.動名詞1.有些動詞背面既可以接動名詞又可以接不定式但意思有差异rememberforgetregretstopgoonmean2.背面跟動名詞的固定句式havetrouble/problems/difficultdoingsomethingfeellikespend/waste„doingsomethingcan’thelpneed/deserve/wantbeworthwhatabout/howabout3.分詞分詞作表語独立主格构造例1Duringthediscussion,MrBoydremainedsilentwhenaskinghisopinion.ABCD例2Yourexperimentreportsmustbecheckedwithcarebefore_______A.handedtheminB.themhandinginC.beinghandedinD.handingthemin例_______intheairfuelsgiveoffheat.A.TburnB.BurnedC.TbeburnedD.Beingburned五、状語從句赵文通考试重點1時间状語從句★while/when/as/until★一„就„nosooner„than/hardly„when/scarcely„when★themomenttheminutetheinstant★固定句型Itis/hasbeen„.since„1.原因状語從句nowthatinthat2.条件状語從句unlessaslongasprovidedthat3.让步状語從句asthoughalthoughevenifeventhoughwhilewhatever六、平行构造and,or,butPrefer引出的平行构造PrefersomethingtosomethingPreferdoingsomethingtodoingsomethingPrefertodosomethingratherthandosomethingPrefer的特殊使用方法Prefersomebodytodosomething:IpreferyoutospeakEnglishintheclass.1、anumberof,thenumberofanumberof+可数名詞谓語用复数意為許多大量的„„thenumberof+可数名詞谓語用單数意為„„的数目2、able,capable,competentable為常用詞指具有做某事所需的力量技巧知识与時间等搭配是beabletodo。如Acatisabletoseeinthedark.猫在黑暗中能看見東西。capable指满足一般规定的能力搭配是becapableof+doing。competent指“胜任”“合格”或受過专业技术等训练的但不是超群的能力。如Adoctorshouldbecompetenttotreatmanydiseases.醫生应當能治多种病。3、aboveallafterallatall;inallaboveall意為“尤其是”、“首先”、“最重要的是”常位于句首或句中作插入語起强调作用。如ButabovealltellmequicklywhatIhavetodo可首先快些告诉我该做什么。afterall意為“毕竟”、“究竟”、“终归”、“究竟”在句中位置较灵活。可位于句首、句中或句末。如Afterallyourbirthdayisonlytwoweeksaway毕竟两周後就是你的生曰。Heisafterallasmallchild他毕竟還是個小孩子。Hefailedafterall他终于失败了。atall用于否认句時意為“丝毫主线”用于疑問句時意為“究竟究竟”用于条件句時常译為“當真实在”。用于肯定句中表达說话人的某种情绪或情感如怀疑或惊奇等意為“居然”等。如Hedoesn’tlikeyouatall他主线不喜欢你。Areyougoingtodoitatall你究竟做不做這件事Ifyoudoitatalldoitwell若你真要做這件事就得做好。Iwassurprisedathiscomingatall他居然来了我很惊讶。inall意為“總共”既可放在句首也可放在句末。如Thereare25,000Inuitinall(Inall,thereare25,000Inuit)這儿共有25,000因努伊特人。4、aboard,abroad,board,broadaboard在船或飞机車上。如Ineverwentaboardaship.abroad副詞在国外或海外。如Heoftengoesabroad.board為動詞上船飞机車。如Thepassengersareboardingtheplanenow.broad為形容詞广阔的。如Hehasverybroadshoulders.5、accept,receiveaccept接受receive“接到”“收到”。如Ireceivedaninvitationyesterday,butIdidn’tacceptit.昨天我收到了一种請柬但并没有接受邀請。6、accident,incident,eventaccident事故。如atrafficaccident交通事故incident“附带事件”在政治上特指导起国际争端或战争的事件事变。event“事件”指尤其重要的事件一般是由此前的努力而产生的成果也指国家和社會的事件。7-accurate,correct,exact,preciseaccurate精确的精确的。如Clocksinrailwaystationsshouldbeaccurate.火車站的钟应當是精确的。correct“對的的”指符合一定的原则或准则具有“無錯误的”意味。它的反义詞是incorrect,wrong.exact“精确的”“恰好的”比“大体上對的”更深入表“丝毫不差”。它的反义詞是inexact。precise强调“精确”“精密”。8、accuse,charge,sueaccuse指责指控常与of搭配。如Hisbossaccusedhimofcarelessness.charge常与with搭配。如Thepolicechargedthedriverwithrecklessdriving.sue常与for搭配。如Smithsuedhisneighborfordamaginghishouse9、acquire,require,inquireacquire获得获得學到。如acquireknowledge获得知识inquire打听問询。如inquireaperson’sname問一种人的姓名require需要。如Werequiremorehelp.我們需要更多的协助。10、adopt,adaptadopt收养。如Sincetheyhavenochildr