上海XXX大学 2020 –2021学年第一学期期末考试试卷

上海XXX大学2020–2021学年第一学期期末考试试卷课程名称中语文化概要课程编号TRL3140.1402学号0203100963Pleasewriteanessayabout500-800wordsinEnglish,explainingaculturalphenomenoninChina.Acomparativeperspectiveisencouraged.WuyionthesouthbankoftheQinhuaiRiverinNanjing,WuyiLane,fromemergenceandprosperitytodecay,witnessesthevicissitudeoftimesandisengravedwithculturalmarksduringthechangesofdynasties.fromtheperspectivesofhistory,politics,WuyiLaneauniqueculturalimagetoWuyiLane:theepitomeofthearistocracyunderthepoliticsofclanWuyimeansblackclothes.TherearetwotheoriesabouttheoriginofthenameWuyiLane.OnetheoryisthatduringtheThreeKingdomsPeriod,thetroopsoftheKingdomofWuoncestationedhereandsetupWuyiBattalion.Inancienttimes,soldiersworeblackclothes.TheothertheoryisthatWuyiLaneistheresidencezoneoftheintheEasternJinDynasty.Theworeblackclothestohighlighttheirelegance.AlthoughWuyiLanehasbeeninexistencesincetheThreeKingdomsPeriod,itisaftertheprosperityoftheEasternJinDynastythatWuyiLanereallybecomesthelandmarkfortheliteratioflatergenerationstofeelthepast.Theclan,namely,thefamiliesthatsharetheancestryortheblood,tracesbacktotheQinDynastywhentheliteratioutofbureaucracylobbiedsomeofficerstofollowedthemintotheofficialcircle.Duringthethisgroupentereditsheyday.Theyoccupiedalargeamountoflandandlabor,andonlygotmarriedwithinthesameclass,whichmeansthattheydidmarrywithordinarypeople,namely,poorfamiliesandunprivilegedpeople.Byvirtueoftheofficialselectionsystembasedonthesystemofdominantfamily,theyoccupiedimportantpositionsintheimperialcourtforalongtime.TheprosperityofWuyiLaneisattributedtothetwowholivedthere------theWangclanofLangyaandtheXieclanofChenCounty,whichmakesWuyiLane,locatedinJinling,thecapitalcityoftheEasternJinDynasty,theepitomeofthearistocracyinthecity.ThedecayofWuyiLaneontheonehandliesintheshiftofgeographicalcentercausedbythechangeofdynasties.IntheSuiandTangdynastiesthethedevelopmentcenterinthesouthgraduallymovedfromJinlingtoYangzhouinthefarthernorth,alongwithwhichcamethedeclineofurbanstatusandeconomicprogress.Ontheotherhand,itspringsfromthealterationofofficialselectionsystem.SinceSuiDynasty,theimperialexaminationsystemreplacedthepreviousnine-ranksystemofrecommendation,andtheselectionofofficialschangedfromtheselectionbasedonfamiliestotheunifiedselectionofthecourt.Ordinarypeoplefrompoorfamiliescouldengageinofficialcareer,whichgreatlyweakenedthepoweroftheliteratioutofbureaucracy,andspeededuptheirprocessfromprosperitytodecay.WuyiLane:asentimentalplacefortheThechangeoftimescreatedaspecialgroupofpeople.Thisgrouplingeredonthesceneryoftheolddynasty,butcouldpreventthetideoftimesandthearrivalofthenew,thusbecomingtheorremnantsoftheolddynasty.WuyiLaneevolvedintothespiritualhomethisgrouptomournfortheirmotherland.ThiskindofemotionisespeciallystronginthetransitionofSong-YuanDynastiesandMing-QingDynasties,whichshareasimilarity,thatis,therulingofethnicminoritiesandtheretreatoftheHannationality.AttheendoftheSouthernSongDynasty,theMongolianarmymovedsouthward;attheendoftheMingDynasty,thearmymarchedsouth.Thechangeofnationalitiesstrengthenedthesenseofpersonalidentificationoftheadherents,andtheexpressionofprosperityandchangethroughWuyiLanehasalsobecomeacommontechniqueadherents.Inthewritingsoftheadherents,theimageofWuyiLaneusuallyhasastrongturn.燕京定鼎匹宗周，贡舶相望无时休。机抒织愁将作巧，在何处，绿柳青蒲霭烟雾。莽苍一望外罗环，聆蔚参差杂衙路。……君不见辽阳一战三将沮，百万生灵化血湖。髑髅已入春闺梦，烽火井泉尚剥肤。——金陵行ShiWenqithepoetisanadherentoftheMingDynasty.Inthislongpoem,thepoetfirstmadeadetaileddescriptionoftheprosperoussceneryofWuyiLane.Inthepast,thescenerywasbeautiful,thelifewasleisurelyandthebusinesswasprosperous.Thenthepoetsharplytwistedtodescribethetragedyofthewar,thepoignantdeathofsoldiers,homelessanddestitutepeopleandsoon.TheauthoremployedsuchstrongcontrastinordertoheightenhisgrieftowardstheMingDynasty.Thewritingofsuchadherentsoftenpossessessuchastyle,andWuyiLanehasalsobecomeacommonimageofsuchadherents.WuyiLaneliterature:theclassicliteratureofsingingtheupsanddownsSurroundingtheculturalimageofWuyilanewithrichconnotation,WuyiLaneliteraturealsocomesintobeing.ApoemWuyiLaneandcomposedbyLiuYuxiintheTangDynastyisregardedasthestartingpointofWuyiLaneliterature.边野草花，乌衣巷口夕阳斜。旧时飞入寻常百姓家。——刘禹锡《乌衣巷》ThepoemdescribesthesceneryaroundWuyiLane.WeedsgrewandwildflowersbloomedbytheRoadfinchBridge.TheafterglowshadowedtheentranceofWuyiLane.TheswallowsthatusedtoundertheeavesofthelobbiesofWangandXiefamilieshadflownintothehomesofordinarypeople.ThepoetusessimplelanguagetodescribethelonelyanddesolatescenearoundWuyiLane,whichcontrastswiththebustlingcrowdinthepast.Astheworldchanged,thetwofamousandprosperousfamiliesInthelaterChineseclassicalliterature,moreandmoreliteratichosetheculturalimageofWuyiLanetochanthistoricalfacts,recalltheancien