2024年秋季高三人教版（2019）开学摸底考试英语试卷 A卷含答案

2024年秋季高三人教版（2019）开学摸底考试英语试卷A卷

学校：___________姓名：班级：___________考号：

一'阅读理解

ThisfundisofferedbytheIdahoStateBoardofEducationtosupportfinearts,performing

arts,anddesigncourses.Itwasintendedtoincreaseaccesstoartseducationforlearnersin

ruralpublicschoolsthatotherwisemaylacktheresourcestoexpandsuchprograms.

*Requirements

•AnapplicantmustbeanIdahoruralschooldistrictorIdahoruralcharterschool.Each

qualifiedapplicantmaysubmitoneapplication.

•Anapplicantmayrequestupto$15,000.

•Deadline:June30,2023.

*Usesofthisfund

Anapplicantmustusethisfundforthepurchaseofequipment,supplies,andcurricular

materialsthatsupporttheestablishmentofartsorimprovementstoarts.Butitmaynotbe

usedforpersonnel（人员）orcontractedservicescosts,professionaldevelopmentactivitiesor

designcoursesthatarepartoftheCareerandTechnicalEducationcurriculum（课程）.

*ApplicationComponents

Anapplicationwillcoverthefollowingcontents:

•Generalapplicantinformationandapprovalofthegrantapplicationsubmissionbyan

authorizingofficial.

•FourNarrativeQuestions:Populationservedandneedtobeaddressed;Proposal

description;Expecteddemand;Sustainabilityplan.

•Budget:Abudgetformthatasksfordetailedexpenses.

*Process

ApplicationswillbesubmittedthroughtheonlineWebGrants.Applicationswillbe

reviewedbyagroupofexpertswhoserecommendationswillbesenttotheStateBoardof

EducationforapprovalinMay.ApplicantswillbeinformedoftheresultsinJune.

1.Whocanapplyforthisfund?

A.Alearnerinaruralpublicschool.B.Aruralschoolfromaspecificdistrict.

C.Alearnerwhohasnotimetolearnart.D.Anapplicantwhorequestsover$30,000.

2.Whatisthisfundusedfor?

A.Holdingaprofessionalactivity.B.Employingsometeachers.

C.Buyingartequipmentforqualifiedschools.D.Designingsomecareer

courses.

3.Whatshouldapplicantsincludeintheirapplications?

A.Adetailedbudget.B.Anexperfsrecommendation.

C.Anofficial'ssignature.D.Adescriptionoftheequipment.

ChrisSmithlookedlikeanyotheryoungboyinhisclass:thickhair,awidesmile,and

playingsports.Byallappearances,lifeforChriswasthesameasitwasforahundredother

boysinthesmalltownwherehegrewup,exceptfortheconstantevictions（当区赶）,and

eventuallybeinghomeless.

Chris9fatherwasreckless（鲁莽的）withfinancesanddishonestinbusiness.Hismother

triedherbesttorunthehomeuntilChris9littlebrotherdrowned（溺亡），thenhisfatherwent

toprison,andfinallythefamilyfellapart.

“Mymomshutdownemotionally.Everythinggotworse/9Chrisremembers.Thenshe

wasgoneandranawayfromhomewithouttellingChris.Hedidthebesthecould,sleeping

onhisnewlymarriedsister'ssofa."Theydidn'thavemuchmoney,andIknowitwasa

burdentotakemeinat17yearsold,Iwasgoingtodropoutfromhighschoolandmakeiton

myown.^^

ButChris'historyteacherhaddifferentideas.WhenChris'studybegantogodown,she

corneredhim."You'rethesmartestkidintheclass/9shetoldhim.“Ifyoudon'tgraduate,

you'regoingtoregretit”

“Schoolwasmysafeplace,"Chrissays.Schoolalsoofferedhimheatandfood.It

becametheclosestthingtohomehecouldfind,comparedtohisfather'soldtruckthat

becamehisbedandhisstudyspace.Heremembershishairfreezingontothewindowinthe

winter.

Whengraduationcame,Chrisearnedafullscholarshiptocollegeandgraduatedinthe

top10ofhisclass.Whenifstimetoapplyformedicalresidencies,Chrissethissightshigh.

HeappliedforresidenciesaroundthecountryandincludedtheNo.1programinthenation:

JohnsHopkins.Andthenthelettercame.Chriswasin.

“Ididn'treallythinkIhadachance.ButIhadlearnedtogiveeverythingmybestshot.

Lifeisneverfair.Butifyoudon'tgiveup,youwillgiveyourselfabetterchancetomakeit,“

Chrissays.

4.WhydidChris'motherleavehome?

A.Becauseoffailureinbusiness.B.Becauseoffinancialrestrictions.

C.Becauseofherhusband'sdishonesty.D.Becauseofheartbrokenfamilyevents.

5.How'sChris9lifeandstudyduringseniorhighschool?

A.Lazyandaverage.B.Comfortableandcarefree.

C.Toughandhardworking.D.Happyandundemanding.

6.WhatsChris9philosophy?

A.Neverloseheart.B.Alwaysbewell-prepared.

C.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.D.Alwaysbehumbleandcautious.

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitlefbrthetext?

A.DoingIsBetterthanSayingB.ThereIsNoEndtoLearning

C.FromHomelesstoMedicalResidentD.GreatHopesMakeGreatMan

TheSouthAfricantownHamburgissituatedbyoneofthemostbeautifulestuaries（河

□）intheEasternCape.It'sknownforitsrichXhosaculture.Itisalsohometoagroupof

womenwhohaveproducedaseriesofextraordinaryartworksthathavebeenexhibited

aroundtheworld.

KeiskammaArtProjectwascreatedtoteachlocalwomenembroidery（刺绣）skillsto

helpthematatoughtimeeconomicallyandsocially,butunexpectedlyithasgrowninto

somethingmuchbigger.Havingbeenshownatinternationalartgalleries,manyoftheir

tapestries（挂毯）arenowbeingdisplayedunderoneroofforthefirsttime,atanexhibitionin

Johannesburg.

Theirstorybeganin2000,whenDr.CarolHofmeyrmovedfromJohannesburgto

Hamburg.Shefoundthatthetownwasstrugglingwithhighunemploymentandthatlocal

womenweredesperatetofindwaystofeedtheirfamilies.Havingstudiedembroideryherself,

shehopedthatpassingonthatknowledgetolocalwomenwouldhelpempowerthem.

Fromhumblebeginnings*moreandmorewomenheardabouttheprojectthroughword

ofmouth.Now,over150womenarepartoftheproject.Sellingtheirworksprovidesasource

ofincome,buttheprojecthasalsocreatedasupportsystemforthewomen.

Initially,thewomenstartedoutsimplycreatingcushions（坐垫）andsmallhandbagsto

selltotourists.Eventually,theystartedreceivingtasksforlargerpieces.Theyweregiven

panelsaboutameterinsizetoworkonathome.Byjoiningthecompletedpanelstogether,

theycreatedthefirstoftheirlargeworksandoneoftheirmostcelebrated,"TheKeiskamma

Tapestryn,whichtellsthehistoryoftheXhosapeoplewhoweresubjugated（征月艮）through

colonizationandtheXhosaBritishFrontierWarsfrom1776to1876.

Anothercelebratedpieceis"TheKeiskammaAltarpiece",whichwasproducedby130

women.Thefour-meter-high,four-meter-widepiecerevealsthestrugglesthatelderlyXhosa

womenenduredwhentheyouthintheircommunitywerehitbyHIVtwodecadesago,and

theysteppedintocareforchildren.

Recentartworksengagewithcontemporaryissues."COVIDResilienceTapestry"dealswith

thepandemic;"ANewEarthandOurSacredOcean"isacallforenvironmental

consciousness.

8.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toinformreadersofthesituation.B.Tobringinthetopicofthetext.C.Tointroducean

ancientculture.D.Topromotethelocalartworks.

9.Whatisbeyondpeople'sexpectationforKeiskammaArtProject?

A.Ithelpsalotofwomen.B.Itgainsinternationalfame.C.Ithelpsdeveloplocaleconomy.D.

ItsponsorsanexhibitioninJohannesburg.

10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheprocessofmaking"TheKeiskamma

Tapestry"?

A.Historical.B.Game-changing.C.Cooperative.D.Time­

consuming.

11.Whatdoweknowabout"TheKeiskammaAltarpiece"?

A.ItshowstheXhosapeople'ssufferings.B.Itreflectsonsomecontemporaryissues.C.It

coverssomepandemic-relatedcontent.D.Itaimstoarousetheenvironmentalawareness.

Anewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle（微妙的）butpreviouslypoorly

understoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthesizeof

animalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmayadaptto

therapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.

ForthestudyinNatureCommunications,theresearcherslookedatnearly7,000species

ofterrestrialnonmigratorybirds一whichisnearlytwo-thirdsofallbirdspecies一and

focusedonhowbirdspecieshasevolvedinambienttemperature（温度的梯度）andother

factorsofselection.

Twowidelyaccepted"rules“inbiologyindicatethataslocaltemperatureschange,

animalsarelikelytoadjustheattransfercapabilitiesbychangingthesizeoftheirbodiesand

extremities（四肢）.

BiologistCarlBergmann'srulestatesthatcolderclimatesspawnbiggerbodiesbecause

theyhelpkeepheatwhilesmallerbodieshelpshedit.Asaresult,apolarbearismorethan2

1/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfromequatorialregions.

ZoologistJoelAsaphAllen'sruledealswithextremities,suchaslimbs,ears,andbeaks,

statingthatanimalsincolderclimatestendtohavesmallerextremitiesbecauseextremities

tendtohavemoresurfacethanvolumeandareuniquelysuitedtoshedheat.Forexample,

arctichareshaveevolvedshortlegsandears,whereasdesertjackrabbitshaveevolvedvery

longlegsandears.

“Theproblemisthateverythingweknowaboutecologytellsusthatchangingthesizeof

bodiesandextremitiescanbeproblematic/9saysleadauthorCarlosBotero,anassociate

professorofintegrativebiologyattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.

Forexampleifbodysizedecreases,birdsmaynotbeabletohuntthesamefoodastheir

ancestors.Similarly,iftheaveragesizeorshapeofabillchanges,birdsmaybecomeless

efficientforagers（觅食者）orhavetroubleproducingtypicalmatingcalls.

Itisnotsurprisingthatmanypriorstudieshavefailedtofindevidenceforthese

predictionsandthattheseso-calledbiologicalrulesarecurrentlycontroversial.Thenew

studycouldclarifythatdebatebyshowingthatalthoughthepatternsthatBergmannand

Allenpredictedoccurinthewild,thetwoseparatemechanismscomplementeachother.

12.Whatisthenewstudyabout?

A.Thetworulesproposedbypreviousresearchers.

B.Thedifferencesbetweenanimalsincoldandwarmareas.

C.Theeffectglobalclimatechangehasonanimals9foraging.

D.Thewaybirdsevolveinresponsetotherisingtemperature.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spawn“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.makeforB.bringinC.arisefromD.wipeout

14.Accordingtothepassage,thebirdsinthecolderareastendtohave.

A.biggerbodiesandlongerlegs.B.biggerbodiesandshorterlegs.

C.smallerbodiesandlongerlegs.D.smallerbodiesandshorterlegs.

15.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Thetworuleswithseparatemechanismsarecontradictory.

B.Thenewstudycombinesthepriorstudiesandthetworules.

C.Thenewstudyprovidessupportingevidenceforthetworules.

D.Thetworulesshowanimalschangethebodysizetokeepheat

二、七选五

16.Cruisethroughmanyneighborhoodsorparksaroundtheworld,andyouwillfindno

shortageofwell-mowedexpansesofgrass.Lawns(草坪)dolookattractive.①

Additionally,theycanrequireenvironmentallyquestionablepracticestomaintain.

Researchersandlandscapearchitectsareincreasinglyconsideringalternativesthataremore

sustainable,demandfewerresourcesandhelppeopleconnectmoreintimatelywithnature.

HerefollowsaneditedexcerptoftheconversationbetweenresearchersMarialgnatievaand

MarcusHedblom.

Whydidlawnsbecomesopopular?

②Theywerelikeaspecialfrontierthatseparatedcitiesandtownsfromthe

wilderness.Alawnwasalwaysasymbolofhowacivilizedsocietyshouldbe.Thafswhyit

wassopowerful.Andofcourse,theyarealsoimportantforrecreation.

Whatenvironmentalproblemsarelawnscausing?

Lawnsarehomogenizingtheenvironment,notonlyintermsofbiodiversitybutalso

visually.Youcomparecountries9andcities'urbanlandscapesaroundtheworld,andtheylook

exactlythesame.(3)Mowersbumfossilfuelsandemitgasesthatheatupthe

atmosphere.

④.

Youhavetofindyourownlocalsolution.Wecantakeinspirationfromthenaturalplant

communitiesaroundus.Insuburbanandruralareas,thatmightmeanhavingameadowor

prairie.Inotherplaces,itmightbeasavannalikeenvironmentormountainplants.Youcan

havea“grass-free"lawn;withonlylow-growingplantsthatcreatethesameeffectasalawn,

andyoucanwalkonit.

Howcanwepersuadepeopletoadoptthesealternatives?

Whenpeopleseethem,theyappreciatethemandlikethem.⑤Wealsohave

totrytochangethemindsofdecisionmakers,includingpoliticians.Weneedtoshowthe

publictherearedifferentwaysofhandlingoururbanenvironmentandmakingitbetter.

A.Soitisallabouteducation.

B.Whatarethesealternatives?

C.Anditisunderstandablefondness.

D.Whataretheinspirationsoflawns?

E.However,theychokeoutbiodiversity.

F.Lawnscametobeseenasasymbolofcivilizationandawayoflife.

G.Lawnupkeeptakesresources,fertilizerandpesticidethatentergroundwaterandrunoff

water.

三、完形填空（15空）

Iwasfirstgoingintothisfinalday,theJuniorSledDogChampionship.We'dtrainedtwo

yearsandwantedtobeatBlake.IkneltdowntopatKenaiandmyhands]fromnerves

andexcitement.Kenaitippeduphisfacetolickmychin."Youare2aren'tyou?”

Justbeforethecountdownstarted,Blakeshotmea3grin,handstremblingtoo.

ThenIheard,“Go!”4Icouldyell"Hike!”,Kenaileapedforward.Therestofthedogs

5after.Westartedlast.Weflewdownthelonghill.Thenwe6acorner.Ileanedto

keepthesledsteady.KenaisawBlake9steambeforeIdid.Histailflewup,andhe7.

Seeinghistonguestillfloppingforward,Ilethimgoallout.Weclosedthe8.Abridge

later,weinchedcloser.Onthenexthill,KenaidrewevenwithBlake9ssledandthenwe

passedit.

9oursledhitabranch.Therunnerscaught.Ilostmy10andfelloffthesled.

Witnessingthesledcometoastop,IstruggledthroughthedeepsnowtoKenai.I11.

Hisshoulderwasbleeding.

“Kenai!No!”Myvoicecameoutahowl.Kenai12tostand.Helookedatme,his

blueeyes13tokeepon.Hewoulddoit,too.ForonefrozenmomentIsawmyselfon

thewinner'sstandwiththetrophy（奖杯）.Butno.Ibentandgently14Kenaiina

blanket.

TheracevetexaminingKenai,IwatchedBlakeacceptthetrophy.Kenaisquirmingin

mylap,Ileanedoveruponhim.Justatthatmoment,Ifeltawarmtongueonmywetcheek.I

smiledandrealizedthatIhadthe15thatreallycounted.

17.A.softenedB.shookC.withdrewD.extended

18.A.cleverB.thirstyC.helpfulD.ready

19.A.broadB.satisfiedC.tightD.slight

20.A.AsB.BeyondC.BeforeD.After

21.A.pulledB.chargedC.jumpedD.barked

22.A.cutB.missedC.keptD.rounded

23.A.tookoffB.flewawayC.turnedaroundD.bentforward

24.A.raceB.differenceC.gapD.goal

25.A.SuddenlyB.FinallyC.GraduallyD.Occasionally

26.A.wayB.holdC.temperD.sight

27.A.quittedB.insistedC.sighedD.froze

28.A.struggledB.decidedC.refusedD.pretended

29.A.forcingB.beggingC.orderingD.persuading

30.A.tookupB.putupC.broughtupD.wrappedup

31.A.achievementB.companionC.prizeD.friendship

四、短文填空

32.Pu'erteaisakindofdarkteaonlyfoundinChina'sYunnanProvince.It's①

(original)producedinthe"SixFamousMountains"inXishuangbannaandgetsitsname

fromPu'er,atown②mostoftheteaisprocessedandsold.Pu'erteahasalonghistory.

EarlyintheTangDynasty,theteatradebetweenPu'erandotherareasalready(3)___(begin).

Nowa2,700yearoldwildteatreestillproducestealeaves.Everyyear,localsgototea

plantingfields(4)(pick)tealeaves.Usuallyitstartsat9:00am⑤finishesby3:00

pmfromFebruarytoDecember.Springtealeavesarethebestofthewholeyear.

Pu'erteaisbigandroughinshape,blackorbrownredincolorandthesouptastes

mellow(醇厚)⑥(leave)asweetaftertaste.Theteaismildinnatureanddocsnoharm

tothestomach.Atthesametime,ithasmedicinaleffectsof"fatremoving,bodyslimming

anddigestionpromoting"and⑦___(call)"slimmingtea".

Thetaste.⑧theteavariesthetastechangeswiththe⑨(long)oftimeit's

stored;thelongerit'sstored,the⑩(good)ittastes.Thus,Pu'erteanotonlymakesa

gooddrink,butalsoavaluablecollectorsitem.Pu'erteahasalwaysenjoyedthegood

reputationofweight-losstea,beautytea,slimmingteaandhealthtea.

五、书面表达

33.假定你是学生会主席李华，学生会举办的生活技能云端展示活动(WorkCreatesa

HappierLife)得到了外教John的大力支持和指导。活动已经圆满结束，请你给他写一封

感谢信。内容包括：

1.表示感谢；

2.外教的帮助；

3.活动的反响。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearJohn,

Yours,

LiHua

六、读后续写

34.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短

文。

TwinsKatieandSarahMonahanarrivedatPennsylvania'sGettysburgCollege.Theyare

determinedtostrikeoutonindependentpaths.Althoughthe18-year-oldsistershadrequested

roomsindifferentdormitory,thehousingofficeplacedthemontheeighthfloorofthesame

building,acrossthehallfromeachother.

Katiewasaverylovelyandkind-heartedgirl.Shealwaysdidherbesttopreventothers

fromanyproblem.Oncethedormitorywasoutofelectricityandherroommate,Windywas

studyingintheclassroomonlyleavingKatiealoneinthedormitoryatthattime.Katiehad

justfinishedherfavouritehorribleAmericanTVseries.Shefeltveryscared.Butshedidn't

wanttodisturbWindy,soshejuststayedinthedarkdormitoryalonetillWindygotbackto

thedormitory.Windywasanicegirltoo.ShegaveKatiealotofcomfortandcare.Shewould

liketomakeKatierelaxafterstressfulstudy.SheoftensharedherhappinesswithKatie.They

livedaveryhappylifetogether.

WhileKatiegotalongwithherroommate,Sarahwashavingdifficultyindealingwith

therelationshipwithherroommate.

Sarahlikedquiet,whileherroommate,Lilyspenttwohoursadaypractisingtheguitar,

orturneduphersoundsystemtothepointwherethewholeroomvibrates（颤动）.Sarahwas

alwayscold,butLilyneverwantedtoturnontheheat,eventhoughitwassnowingheavily

outside.Sarahlikedwearingfurinwinterandshealsoenjoyedcuttingupfrogsinbiology

class.ButLilyisanvegetarian（素食主义者）andbelievedalllivingthingsareholy（神圣的）,

evenantsandmosquitoes.Sheandherroommatesilentlywarredovermattersrangingfrom

whenthelightsshouldbeturnedofftohowthefurnitureshouldbearranged.Finally,they

gaveupcommunicating.

Oneday.therewasadormitorycontest,whichneededroommatestojoinhandsto

decoratetheirdormitory.Sarahwantedtowininthecontestbutshethoughtitwasimpossible

forhertofinishitbecauseshedidn'ttalkwithLily.

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右：

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Depressedandhopeless.SarahranacrossthehalltoseekhelpfromKatie.

HearingwhatKatiesaid,bothSarahandLilyloweredtheirheads.

参考答案

1.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的"ThisfundisofferedbytheIdahoStateBoardof

Educationtosupportfinearts,performingarts,anddesigncourses.（该基金由爱达荷州教育

委员会提供，用于支持美术、表演艺术和设计课程。广和*Requirements部分的“An

applicantmustbeanIdahoruralschooldistrictorIdahoruralcharterschool.（申请人必须是

爱达荷州农村学区或爱达荷州农村特许学校。）”可知，该资金专门是为爱达荷州规定

区域的乡村公立学校和乡村特许学校设置的，不是针对个人。故选B。

2.答案：C

解析：细节理解题。根据*Usesofthisfund部分的“Anapplicantmustusethisfundfor

thepurchaseofequipment,supplies,andcurricularmaterialsthatsupporttheestablishment

ofartsorimprovementstoarts.（申请人必须用这笔款项购买器材、用品及课程资料，以

支持艺术的建立或改善。）”可知，该资金只能用于购买学校艺术设备、美术用品及艺

术课程所需要的资源。故选C。

3.答案：A

解析：细节理解题。根据*ApplicationComponents部分的“Budget:Abudgetformthat

asksfordetailedexpenses」预算：要求详细费用的预算表格。）“可知，申请人的申请应

包括一个详细的预算。故选A。

4.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第二段Chris'fatherwasreckless（鲁莽的）withfinancesand

dishonestinbusiness.HismothertriedherbesttorunthehomeuntilChris'littlebrother

drowned（珥5亡），thenhisfatherwenttoprison,andfinallythefamilyfellapart（克里

斯的父亲在经济上不计后果，做生意也不诚实。他的母亲竭尽全力经营这个家，直到

克里斯的弟弟淹死，然后他的父亲入狱，最后这个家庭破裂了）和第三段"Mymom

shutdownemotionally.Everythinggotworse,"Chrisremembers.Thenshewasgoneandran

awayfromhomewithouttellingChris（"我妈妈情绪低落。一切都变得更糟了，"克里斯

回忆道。然后她没告诉克里斯就离家出走了）可知，克里斯的母亲离家出走是由于丈

夫银铛入狱和孩子溺亡的双重打击。故选D。

5.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中Hedidthebesthecould,sleepingonhisnewly

marriedsister'ssofa."Theydidn'thavemuchmoney,andIknowitwasaburdentotakeme

inat17yearsold,Iwasgoingtodropoutfromhighschoolandmakeitonmyown"（他尽

了最大的努力，睡在新婚姐姐家的沙发上。”他们没有多少钱，我知道在17岁的时候

收养我是一种负担，我打算从高中辍学，自力更生”）可知，克里斯读高中时生活很艰

难；以及第六段Whengraduationcame,Chrisearnedafullscholarshiptocollegeand

graduatedinthetop10ofhisclass（毕业时，克里斯获得了大学的全额奖学金，并以班

级前10名的成绩毕业）可知，克里斯读高中时非常努力。故选C。

6.答案：A

解析：推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据末段"Lifeisneverfair.Butifyoudon'tgive

up,youwillgiveyourselfabetterchancetomakeit,"Chrissays（生活从来就不公平。

但如果你不放弃，你会给自己一个更好的机会，”克里斯说）可知，永不气馁是克里斯

的人生哲学。故选A。

7.答案：C

解析：标题判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段的Byallappearances,lifeforChris

wasthesameasitwasforahundredotherboysinthesmalltownwherehegrewup,except

fortheconstantevictions（分区赶），andeventuallybeinghomeless（从表面上看，克里

斯的生活和他成长的小镇上其他一百个男孩的生活是一样的，只是他被不断的驱赶，

最终无家可归）；以及倒数第二段Whengraduationcame,Chrisearnedafull

scholarshiptocollegeandgraduatedinthetop10ofhisclass.Whenit'stimetoapplyfor

medicalresidencies,Chrissethissightshigh.Heappliedforresidenciesaroundthecountry

andincludedtheNo.lprograminthenation：JohnsHopkins.Andthenthelettercame.Chris

wasin（毕业时，克里斯获得了全额大学奖学金，并以全班前十名的成绩毕业。到了申

请医疗住院的时候，克里斯把目光放得很高。他申请了全国各地的居留权，其中包括

全国排名第一的项目：约翰斯•霍普金斯大学。然后那封信来了。克里斯就在其中）可

知，本文讲述了克里斯面对家庭重大变故，凭借不放弃，不气馁的品质，最终由一个

无家可归的人成长为顶尖大学医学院的医学住院医生。由此可知，文章最好的标题是

C.FromHomelesstoMedicalResident"从无家可归的人到住院医生故选C。

8.答案：B

解析：根据第一段中的TheSouthAfricantownHamburgissituatedbyoneofthemost

beautifulestuaries（7可口）intheEasternCape.It'sknownforitsrichXhosaculture.Itisalso

hometoagroupofwomenwhohaveproducedaseriesofextraordinaryartworksthathave

beenexhibitedaroundtheworld.（南非小镇汉堡坐落在东开普省最美丽的河口之一。它

以其丰富的科萨文化而闻名。这里也是一群女性的家，她们创作了一系列非凡的艺术

品，并在世界各地展出。）可知，第一段的目的是引入文章的主题。故选B。

9.答案：B

解析：根据第二段中的KeiskammaArtProjectwascreatedtoteachlocalwomen

embroidery（刺」绣）skillstohelpthematatoughtimeeconomicallyandsocially,but

unexpectedlyithasgrownintosomethingmuchbigger.（Keiskamma艺术项目的仓ll建是为

了教授当地妇女刺绣技能，以帮助她们度过经济和社会困难时期，但意想不到的是，

它已经发展成了一个更大的项目。）可知，Keiskamma艺术项获得了国际声誉超出了

人们的期望。故选B。

10.答案：C

解析：根据第五段中的Byjoining...theXhosaBritishFrontierWarsfrom1776to1876.

（通过将完成的面板连接在一起，他们创造了他们的第一个大型作品，也是他们最著

名的作品之一，“KeiskammaTapestry”,它讲述了科萨人在1776年至1876年的殖民统

治和科萨英国边境战争中被征服的历史。）可知，制作“凯思卡玛挂毯”的过程是互相

合作的。故选C。

11.答案：A

解析：根据第六段中的Thefour-meter-high,four-meter-widepiecerevealsthestruggles

thatelderlyXhosawomenenduredwhentheyouthintheircommunitywerehitbyHIVtwo

decadesago,andtheysteppedintocareforchildren.（这件四米高，四米宽的作品揭示了

二十年前，当科萨族的年轻人感染艾滋病毒时，年长的科萨妇女所忍受的斗争，她们

挺身而出照顾孩子。）可知，TheKeiskammaAltarpiece展示了科萨人民的苦难。故选

Ao

12.答案：D

解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Anewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle（微妙的）

butpreviouslypoorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesand

changesinthesizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabout

howbirdsmayadapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.（一项

新的研究揭示了在温度和动物身体部位大小变化之间发生的微妙但以前鲜为人知的进

化跳跃的新线索。这项新研究为鸟类如何适应全球气候变化导致的气温迅速上升提供

了重要的见解。）可知，这项新研究是关于鸟类对气温上升的反应。故选D。

13.答案：A

解析：词句猜测题。根据第四段Asaresult,apoarbearismorethan21/2timesastaiat

theshoulderasasunbearfromequatoriaregicns.（因此，北极熊的肩高是赤道地区马来熊

的25倍多。）可知，此处是指较冷的气候会导致更大的动物体型，所以spawn意为”引

起，导致”。A.makefor.导致;B.bringin.引进;C.arisefrom.起因于;D.wipeout.消灭。故选

Ao

14.答案：B

解析：细节理解题。根据第五段Forexample,arctichareshaveevolvedshortlegsand

ears,whereasdesertjackrabbitshaveevolvedverylonglegsandears.（例如,北极野兔进化

出了短腿和耳朵，而沙漠大野兔进化出了非常长的腿和耳朵。）和第四段第二句Asa

result,apolarbearismorethan21/2timesastallattheshoulderasasunbearfrom

equatorialregions.（天此，北极熊的肩高是赤道地区马来熊的2.5倍多。）可知，寒冷地

区的鸟类往往有更大的身体和更短的腿。故选B。

15.答案：C

解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段Thenewstudycouldclarifythatdebatebyshowing

thatalthoughthepatternsthatBergmannandAllenpredictedoccurinthewild,thetwo

separatemechanismscomplementeachother.（这项新的研究表明，尽管Bergmann和

Allen预测的模式在野外也会出现，但这两种不同的机制是互补的，从而澄清了这一争

论。）和第一段Anewstudyrevealsnewcluesaboutthesubtle（微妙的）butpreviously

poorlyunderstoodevolutionarydancehappeningbetweentemperaturesandchangesinthe

sizeofanimalbodyparts.Thenewresearchoffersimportantinsightsabouthowbirdsmay

adapttotherapidriseintemperaturesdrivenbyglobalclimatechange.（一项新的研究揭示

了在温度和动物身体部位大小变化之间发生的微妙但以前鲜为人知的进化跳跃的新线

索。这项新研究为鸟类如何适应全球气候变化导致的气温迅速上升提供了重要的见

解。）可知，这项新研究为这两条规则提供了支持性证据。A.Thetworuleswithseparate

mechanismsarecontradictory.这两个机制不同的规则是相互矛盾的;B.Thenewstudy

combinesthepriorstudiesandthetworules.新的研究结合了前人的研究和这两种规律;C.

Thenewstudyprovidessupportingevidenceforthetworules.这项新研究为这两条规则提

供了支持性证据;D.Thetworulesshowanimalschangethebodysizetokeepheat.这两条

规则表明动物通过改变体型来保持热量。故选C。

16.答案：①-⑤EFGBA

解析：①根据前文“Cruisethroughmanyneighborhoodsorparksaroundtheworld,andyou

willfindnoshortageofwell-mowedexpansesofgrass.Lawns（草坪）dolookattractive.（巡

游世界各地的许多社区或公园，你会发现不缺修剪得很好的大片草地。草坪看