2025版高考英语一轮总复习课时质量评价5Unit4NaturalDisasters新人教版必修第一册

PAGEPAGE1课时质量评价(五)必修第一册UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS题型组合练——阅读理解＋七选五＋完形填空＋应用文写作Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2024·山东重点中学联考)AsmyhusbandandIdrovedownacountryroad,wepassedafirestationwithasignthatread,“Areyoureadyforthenextstorm？”OurareahadjustbeeninthepathofHurricaneIrma,causingdownedtreesandoutages.Wewerestuckinthedarkandcutofffromtheoutsideworld.Wehavehadourshareofstormsinthepast—asnowstormandotherheavysnowsthatknockeddowntrees,sometimesuptoaweekatatime.Thosedaysinacoldhouseweren'tfun,butwelearnedsomuchfromthoseearlystorms,thingsthatmadelaterstormseasiertobear.Nowwehavestoredupflashlights,lanternsandcandles.Weboughtabattery­operatedradiotokeepupwiththenews.Westockeduponbatteriessothatwe'dhaveplentyforextendedpowerfailures.Wemakesureourgrill(烤架)isreadyanditstankisfull,andwepurchasefoodthatcanbeeasilypreparedandthencookedorheatedonthegrill.Andwedon'tforgettobuyemergencychocolate!Wehavebooklightstoreadinthedark.Wekeepourcargastanksfullandhaveemergencycashonhand.We'rereadyforthenextstorm,butwewouldn'thavelearnedtodoallthosethingsifwehadn'tencounteredastorminthepast.Thesameistruespiritually.Thoselittlestormsinourlivesareneverfun,buttheyprepareusforthebigstorms—thebigtrials—thatwillcomeourway.Theycanteachussomevaluablelessons.Areyoureadyforthenextstorm?Nowisthetimetogetready...notwhenthestormarrives.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者一家经验过暴风雨后懂得了如何为下一次暴风雨做好打算。作者通过自身经验告知我们要有备无患，要为人生中出现的逆境随时做好打算。1.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“outages”inParagraph1?A.Weatherchange.B.Virusspreading.C.Powerfailure.D.Emotionalreaction.C词义揣测题。依据画线词后一句“Wewerestuckinthedarkandcutofffromtheoutsideworld.”可知，作者和丈夫被困在黑暗中与外界失去联系。依据“inthedark”可以揣测“outages”意为“停电”。故选C。2.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Thelessonsthatstormscanteachus.B.Theimportanceofbeingreadyforstorms.C.Thenecessitiestheauthorboughtforherdailylife.D.Thepreparationstheauthormadeforthenextstorm.D段落大意题。第三段主要提到作者一家打算了随时照明用的东西、电池，还有烤架、食物，汽车油箱也加满了油，手头还有应急现金。由此可知，第三段主要讲解并描述了作者为以后的暴风雨所做的打算。故选D。3.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofexperiencingthepaststorms?A.Itwasrewarding.B.Itwasannoying.C.Itwasthrilling.D.Itwasfrightening.A推理推断题。依据第四段中的“butwewouldn'thavelearnedtodoallthosethingsifwehadn'tencounteredastorminthepast”以及“Theycanteachussomevaluablelessons.”可知，作者认为以前经验的暴风雨教会了他们一些重要的东西。由此可以推断，作者认为曾经经验过的暴风雨对他们是有益的。故选A。4.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor'sstory?A.Thingswillworkout.B.Keepsomethingforarainyday.C.Don'tstopregardlessoftheweather.D.Sunshinealwayscomesafterthestorm.B推理推断题。依据最终一段中的“Nowisthetimetogetready...notwhenthestormarrives.”可知，作者认为现在要为以后的暴风雨做打算，而不是当暴风雨来临的时候才打算。由此可以推断，作者的故事告知我们肯定要有备无患。故选B。B(2024·湖北八市高三联考)Astheeffectsofclimatechangebecomemoredisastrous,well­knownresearchinstitutionsandgovernmentagenciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononanidea:artificiallycoolingtheplanet,inthehopesofbuyinghumanitymoretimetocutgreenhousegasemissions.Thatstrategy,calledsolarclimateintervention(干预)orsolargeoengineering,involvesreflectingmoreofthesun'senergybackintospace—abruptlyreducingglobaltemperaturesinawaythatimitatestheeffectsofashcloudsflowingoutfromthevolcaniceruptions.Theideahasbeenconsideredasadangerousandfanciedsolution,onethatwouldencouragepeopletokeepburningfossilfuelswhileexposingtheplanettounexpectedandpotentiallythreateningsideeffects,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfires,floodsandotherdisasters.Butasglobalwarmingcontinues,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfires,floodsandotherdisasters,someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedbytheimperativetobetterunderstandit,incasetheconsequenceofclimatechangeshouldbecomesoterriblethattheworldcan'twaitforbettersolutions.OnewaytocooltheEarthisbyinjectingaerosols(气溶胶)intotheupperlayeroftheatmosphere,wherethoseparticlesreflectsunlightawayfromtheEarth.Thatprocessworks,accordingtoDouglasMacMartin,aresearcheratCornellUniversity.“Weknowwith100%certaintythatwecancooltheplanet，”hesaidinaninterview.What'sstillunclear,headded,iswhathappensnext.Temperature,MacMartinsaid,isanindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.“Whatdoesitdotothestrengthofhurricanes？”heasked.“Whatdoesitdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskofforestfires？”AnotherinstitutionfundedbytheNationalScienceFoundationwillanalysehundredsofsimulationsofaerosolinjection,testingtheeffectsonweatherextremesaroundtheworld.Onegoaloftheresearchistolookforasweetspot:theamountofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球气候改变带来各种灾难性的天气，政府和相关探讨机构提出的各种可能的应对方法。5.WhydoresearchersandgovernmentagenciesworkoncoolingtheEarth?A.Topreventnaturaldisasters.B.Towinmoretimetoreducegreenhousegasemissions.C.Toimitatevolcaniceruptions.D.Toencouragemorepeopletoburnfossilfuels.B细微环节理解题。依据第一段的内容尤其是最终一句中的“inthehopesofbuyinghumanitymoretimetocutgreenhousegasemissions”可知，探讨者和政府机构给地球降温是为了赢得更多的时间来削减温室气体的排放。故选B。6.Whatareresearchersworriedaboutintermsofglobalwarming?A.Morevolcanoeswillthrowout.B.Moresolarenergywillgointospace.C.Moredisasterswillendangerthefutureoftheworld.D.Peoplewillkeepburningfossilfuelstokeepwarm.C推理推断题。依据第三段中的“someresearchersandpolicyexpertssaythatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedbytheimperativetobetterunderstandit,incasetheconsequenceofclimatechangeshouldbecomesoterriblethattheworldcan'twaitforbettersolutions”可知，探讨者担忧全球变暖造成的各种灾难可能会让将来的世界处于危急中。故选C。7.WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglas'wordsinaninterview?A.Hethinksmoreresearchremainstobedone.B.HeisoptimisticabouttheeffectofcoolingtheEarth.C.Heisconcernedaboutthereductioninagricultureproduction.D.Hedisapprovesofthepracticeofsolarclimateintervention.A推理推断题。依据第五段中的“‘Whatdoesitdotothestrengthofhurricanes？’heasked.‘Whatdoesitdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskofforestfires？’”可知，Douglas认为还有许多疑问没有解开，所以还有许多探讨有待去做。故选A。8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“asweetspot”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Therainfallpatternofaregion.B.Themodestdropintemperature.C.Thenumberofextremeweatherevents.D.Theinjectionamountofaerosol.B词义揣测题。依据画线词后的“theamountofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts”可知，人工降温的量要适度，既可以解决气候变暖带来的极端天气，又不会给气候造成太大的影响，因此“asweetspot”指的是适度的降温。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五Sincethe1980seco­tourismhasgrownandgrown.Itisthefastestgrowingtypeoftourism.Ifdonewell,eco­tourismhasseveraladvantages.Itiskindertotheenvironment.1Thismeansthatmorenaturalhabitatisprotectedandthattheresourcesforbuildingcomefromsustainable(可持续的)sources.Anotheradvantageisthatpeopleinthedevelopedworldthrougheco­tourismgettoexperienceplacesofgreatnaturalimportanceaswellascommunicatingwithlocalpeople.2However,therearesomedisadvantagesofeco­tourism.Itisfeltbysomeenvironmentaliststhatanyhumanactivitywillcausedisorderintheroutineofanimals.3Anotherproblemforlocalpeopleisthattheyareexpectedtoposeforcamerasanddance,etc.formoney.4Thetouristsaredestroyingtheculturethattheyarepayingtoprotect.Eco­tourismtriestogototheplacesfarawayfromothercommunities.5Thereisnothingstoppingpeopletakingmoneyfromtouristsaswellasdoingenvironmentallyunfriendlyactivities.Itseemsthatthedisadvantagesoftenoutweightheadvantagesofeco­tourism.Itmightbebettertotakepicturesofanimalsratherthankillanimals,butgiventhechoicetheanimalswouldsoonernothavepeoplearound.Itseemswhethereco­tourismshouldbeallowedshouldbejudgedcase­by­case,andthatthelocalpeoplemustbeconsidered.A.Theseplacesareoftennotwellpoliced.B.Peoplewalkingthroughtheforestmaydomuchharm.C.Andtheseactivitieswillalsodamagetheeco­system.D.Itseldomendspeopletountouchedpartsoftheworld.E.Thisisgoodforbothparties:theybothcanbetterunderstandeachother.F.Anditencouragesdeveloperstoconsiderthenaturalenvironmentmore.G.Itdiscouragesthelocalpeoplefrompursuingtheirtraditionallifestyles.1～5FECGAⅢ.完形填空MysonleftourhomeinCaliforniaforCornellUniversityseveraldaysago.Yesterdayhecalled,sayinghewasfeeling1.Hehadno2togodowntothedininghallbecausehehadhardly3thewholenightbeforeduetofoodpoisoning.Igoogledandfoundaconveniencestoreoncampus.Iimmediately4andgotSeth,themanager,onthephone.IexplainedthetroubleandaskedwhetherIcouldbuysomeitemstobe5inmyson'sroom.Afterhearingmeout,Sethsaid,“I'msosorrythatyoursonishavingsucha(n)6starttotheterm.Don'tworry.I'll7itforyourson.Whatwouldyouliketobuy？”ItoldhimwhatIwantedandhe8tosendthesethingstomysonassoonashecould.Mysontextedmewithinonehourthatthethingshadbeen9.Iwas10toknowhehadsomefoodathisbedside.Grateful,IcalledSethtoaskhowmuchIowedhimandthatIcouldletmyson11himlateron.“Forgetit，”Sethsaidimmediately.“Wegotthis.Hopeyoursonfeelsbettersoon.”“Oh,no,no,Ican'ttakeyourthingsfornothing，”I12．“YoucansendussomeoftheCaliforniasunshine，”Sethreplied13，leavingmespeechlessandtouched.Infact,itisSethwhohasgivenme14thatwilllastalifetime.Hemadesuremyson'sfirstweekatcollegewaswarmandsunny,andhelpedhimbuild15thattheworldisafriendlyplace.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了作者的儿子在康奈尔高校因食物中毒而身体不适，作者联系到了学校便利店的经理塞斯，他帮作者给孩子选好食物并送到宿舍，但并未收取任何费用，作者倍感暖和，不胜感谢。1.A.ashamed B.disappointedC.bored D.unwellD依据下文的“duetofoodpoisoning”可知，由于食物中毒才感觉不舒适。故选D。2.A.time B.courageC.energy D.moodC依据下文的“thewholenightbeforeduetofoodpoisoning”可知，由于食物中毒所以没有力气去餐厅吃饭。故选C。3.A.slept B.eatenC.moved D.recoveredA依据空后的“thewholenightbeforeduetofoodpoisoning”可知，由于食物中毒一晚上几乎没有睡觉。故选A。4.A.went B.calledC.left D.repliedB依据空后的“gotSeth,themanager,onthephone”可知，“我”打电话给经理塞斯。故选B。5.A.givenback B.pickedupC.clearedaway D.droppedroundD依据下文的“sendthesethingstomyson”可知，把这些东西送给作者的儿子，dropsth.round...意为“把某物送至某处”。故选D。6.A.hopeless B.unforgettableC.different D.unpleasantD依据上文的“thewholenightbeforeduetofoodpoisoning”可知，由于食物中毒而导致学期起先的时候不开心。故选D。7.A.arrange B.buyC.keep D.orderA依据下文的“sendthesethingstomysonassoonashecould”可知，塞斯为作者的儿子打算好了食物。arrangesth.forsb.意为“为某人支配某事”。故选A。8.A.claimed B.attemptedC.promised D.declinedC依据下文的“sendthesethingstomysonassoonashecould”可知，塞斯应当是承诺尽自己所能把东西送到作者儿子那里。故选C。9.A.prepared B.deliveredC.collected D.examinedB依据下文的“hehadsomefoodathisbedside”可知，塞斯把东西送到了作者的儿子手里。故选B。10.A.relieved B.proudC.honoured D.astonishedA依据空后的“hehadsomefoodathisbedside”可知，儿子床边有了一些食物，作者就放心了。故选A。11.A.reward B.praiseC.pay D.remindC依据上句“IcalledSethtoaskhowmuchIowedhim”可知，作者想把塞斯给儿子买东西的钱给他。故选C。12.A.insisted B.demandedC.admitted D.complainedA依据上句“Oh,no,no,Ican'ttakeyourthingsfornothing”可知，作者坚持不白拿塞斯的东西。故选A。13.A.shyly B.consideratelyC.jokingly D.curiouslyC依据上句“YoucansendussomeoftheCaliforniasunshine”可知，这是塞斯开的玩笑。故选C。14.A.confidence B.warmthC.support D.inspirationB依据下文的“Hemadesuremyson'sfirstweekatcollegewaswarmandsunny”可知，塞斯的行为让作者感到暖和。故选B。15.