人教版（2019）必修第三册复习学案 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION

UNIT4SPACEEXPLORATION基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.astronautn.宇航员；太空人2.vehiclen.交通工具；车辆3.launchvt.&n.发射；发起；上市4.giantadj.巨大的；伟大的n.巨人；巨兽；伟人5.leapn.跳跃；剧增；剧变vi.&vt.跳过；跃过6.mankindn.人类7.datan.[pl.]资料；数据8.signalvt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号9.recyclevt.回收利用；再利用10.musclen.肌肉；实力；影响力11.floatvi.浮动；漂流；漂浮vt.使浮动；使漂流12.otherwiseadv.否则；要不然13.beyondprep.在更远处；超出14.currentadj.当前的；现在的n.水流；电流；思潮15.sufficientadj.足够的；充足的16.facilityn.设施；设备17.keenadj.热衷的；渴望的18.shallowadj.肤浅的；浅的19.patternn.模式；图案；模范20.monitorn.监视器；监测仪vt.监视；监测；监控21.resourcen.资源；财力；物力Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.mentaladj.精神的；思想的→mentallyadv.精神上2.intelligentadj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→intelligencen.智力；聪明；智能3.determinevt.查明；确定；决定→determinedadj.有决心的；意志坚定的→determinationn.决心；决定4.disappointvt.&vi.使失望→disappointedadj.失望的；沮丧的→disappointingadj.令人失望的→disappointmentn.失望5.desiren.渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望→desiredadj.渴望的，想要的→desirableadj.可取的；值得做的6.independentadj.独立的；自立的→independentlyadv.自立地；独立地→independencen.独立7.lackvt.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺→lackingadj.缺乏的；不足的8.globen.地球；世界；地球仪→globaladj.全球的；全世界的→globalizevi.&vt.（使）全球化9.arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩；争论→argumentn.争论；争吵；论点10.analysisn.（对事物的）分析；分析结果→analyze/analysevt.分析11.regularadj.定期的；经常的；正常的→regularlyadv.经常；定期地12.limitn.限制；极限；界限vt.限制→limitedadj.有限的→limitless/unlimitedadj.无限的13.closevt.&vi.关闭adj.近的；亲密的→closedadj.关闭的；不接受新思想的→closelyadv.仔细地；严密地→closingadj.结尾的；结束的n.停业；关闭；倒闭14.mysteryn.神秘事物；谜→mysteriousadj.神秘的15.attachvt.系；绑；贴→attachedadj.附属的；依恋的→attachmentn.附件；附属品；依恋Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.proceduren.程序；步骤；手续2.rocketn.火箭；火箭弹3.gravityn.重力；引力4.frontiern.边境；国界；边远地区5.universen.宇宙；天地万物6.satelliten.人造卫星；卫星7.orbitn.（环绕地球、太阳等运行的）轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕……运行8.agencyn.（政府的）专门机构；服务机构；代理处9.transmitvt.&vi.传输；发送10.ongoingadj.持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的11.spacecraftn.航天器；宇宙飞船12.solaradj.太阳的；太阳能的13.toweln.毛巾；抹布14.tissuen.纸巾；（人、动植物细胞的）组织15.fataladj.致命的；灾难性的16.high-endadj.高端的17.pillown.枕头18.smartphonen.智能手机Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.carryon继续做，坚持干2.onboard在宇宙飞船上；在船（飞机）上3.inthehopeofdoingsth.抱着……的希望4.soasto（dosth.）为了；以便5.figureout弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白6.resultin导致；造成7.asaresult所以；结果（是）8.provideforsb.提供生活所需9.inclosing最后10.runout用完；耗尽Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.Afterwards，theUSSRfocusedonsendingpeopleintospace，andon12April1961，YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.（不定式作后置定语）之后，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。2.Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed，butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.（make＋宾语＋宾补）这些灾难使人伤心与失望，但是，探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。3.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.（状语从句的省略）宇航员在太空工作时必须用绑带把所有东西都固定下来，否则这些东西就会飘走。4.Firstly，exploringspacehasalreadymadeadifferenceinthefightagainstworldhunger.（v-ing作主语）首先，探索太空已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中产生了影响。5.Whilesleeping，theymustattachthemselvestosomethingsoastopreventfloatingaround.（soastodo作目的状语）睡觉时，他们必须将自己绑在什么东西上，以防四处飘浮。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.Justnow，heleapt/leaped（跳跃）acrosstheroomtoanswerthedoor.2.Iftrappedinafloodedbuilding，movetothehighestfloorandtrytosignalforhelplikedrawing"SOS"ontheroof.3.Thebasketballteamhasthree-hourregulartrainingeveryday.4.LaunchedintheAlipayapp，AntForestplantsrealtreestoencourageitsuserstolivealow-carbonlife.5.Ratherthangoingtothemachinetocheckonwhetherthelaundryisdone，userscaninsteadmonitoritontheirphones.6.Theshortageofwaterhasbecomeaglobalproblemthatneedstobesolvedurgently.7.Chineseastronautssteppedoutofthespacecraftintospace，markingChina’sspaceindustryhasanewbeginning.8.Theobjectiveoftheplanwouldbetorecycle98percentofdomesticwaste.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.SinceLindagraduatedfromtheuniversityandbecameindependentin2002，shehasearnedherlivingindependently.（independent）2.Aperson’slifeislimitedbutknowledgeislimitless/unlimited.（limit）3.Anintelligentpersoncanoftensimplifythecomplexwithhisorherintelligence.（intelligent）4.Sheisadeterminedgirl.Oncesheisdeterminedtodosomething，shewillmakeitwithgreatdetermination.（determine）5.Wehavetopayattentiontosomementalproblemssothatwecanstaymentallyhealthy.（mental）6.Tomydisappointment，Inoticedadisappointedexpressiononhisfacebecauseofhisdisappointingtestscore.（disappoint）7.Thejobinvolvesgatheringandanalysingdata，andafterthatyoushouldhandinananalysisreport.（analyse）8.Theyweresoattachedtoeachother，andsuchattachmentledtotheirmarriage.（attach）9.Generallyspeaking，thelackofinvestmentliesinthefactthatthecompanyislackinginaninnovativeproduct.（lack）Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子carryonrunvideforinthehopeofresultinfigureout1.Evensmallchangesinlifestyleanddietcanresultinsignificantweightloss.2.Themealover，themanagerswentbacktothemeetingroomtocarryonwiththeirdiscussion.3.Thoughsheisjobless，shehassavedenoughmoneytoprovideforherchildren.4.Protectingtheenvironmentisveryimportantastheworld’snaturalresourcesarerunningout.5.Thepolicearetryingtofigureoutthetruthoftheaccident.6.IwillpractisemyEnglishwritinginthehopeofmakingitbetter.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.通常是老人最先品尝端上桌的食物。（不定式作后置定语）Itistheelderlywhoareusuallythefirsttotastethefoodservedonthetable.2.我在篮子里放了一些松木树枝，使这个窝既安全又舒适。（make＋宾语＋宾补）Iputsomepinebranchesintothebaskettomakethisnestsafeandcomfortable.3.如果能够得到这份工作，我一定会成为一名好导游。（状语从句的省略）Ifgiventhejob，I’msuretobeagoodguide.4.用英语写日记可以帮助我们在英语写作方面取得快速进步。（v-ing作主语）KeepingadiaryinEnglishcanhelpusmakerapidprogressinEnglishwriting.5.几天前，为了弄清楚高中生认为最有用的应用程序有哪些，人们做了一项调查。（soastodo作目的状语）Afewdaysago，asurveywasconductedsoastofindoutwhatappsseniorhighschoolstudentsregardasthemostuseful.Forthousandsofyears，lackofsufficientdataresultsinthefactthatspaceisstillamysterytous.Mankindkeepsanongoingdesireforspaceexploration，hopingtofigureouthowstarsandplanetsoperate，althoughsomepeoplearguethatweshouldstopwastingmoneyonit，whichisarathershallowbelief.Intelligentpeoplehavealwaysattachedgreatimportancetouniverseexplorationinthehopeofdiscoveringmoreresources，whichoneartharelimitedandrunningout.Decadesago，manyscientistsweredeterminedtomakespaceflightcometruewithspecialvehicles.WiththefirstsatellitelaunchedandorbitingaroundEarthsuccessfully，YuriGagarinbecamethefirstastronauttobesentintospace.Afterthat，NeilArmstrongsucceededinsteppingontothemoon，signalingagiantleapformankind.Despitesomedisappointingfailures，humanbeingsarestillkeentocarryonexploringuniversesoastolearnitssecrets.Aftersendinghumansintospaceindependentlyin2003，Chinahasmadegreatprogressbeyondexpectations—Tiangong2dockedwithTianzhou1，Chang’e4landedonthemoon，andsoon.1determinevt.查明；确定；决定1.Shedeterminestocarry（carry）onwithhereducationindependently.2.[外研必修③－2]Thisinsightgrewfromthedetermined（determine）attitudeofasix-year-oldboywhohadthecourageandperseverancetomakehisdreamareality.3.[外研选必③－1]Whatimpressmemostarehercourage，skillanddetermination（determine）...4.家庭教育对于一个人性格的形成起着重要作用。 （个人观点）Familyeducationplaysanimportantpartindeterminingaperson’scharacter.5.Determinedtoreachthefinishline（决心冲向终点线），heignoredthepainfromhisbleedinganklesandranasfastashislegscouldcarryhim. （读后续写之动作描写）★determinetodosth.决定做某事（强调动作）★determinedadj.意志坚定的；有决心的bedeterminedtodosth.决心/决定做某事（强调状态）★determinationn.决心；坚定★"决定做某事"的表达还有decidetodosth.，makeupone’smindtodosth.等。2desiren.渴望，欲望vt.渴望；期望1.[外研必修③－5]Researchalsosuggeststhatourdesiretoseek（seek）riskscanbeconnectedtohowmuchweexpecttobenefitfromtheresult.2.[外研选必③－2]Thereisgreaterpublicinterestinoldstoriesandtraditions，aswellasadesireforhigh-qualityproducts.3.Afterafewmonths，heronlydesireisthatherson（should）recover（recover）fromtheseriousillness.desire作动词后接宾语从句，以及desire作名词后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用"should＋动词原形"形式，should可省略。4.如果你渴望用英语与外国人流利地交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语角。（邀请信）→①IfyoudesiretocommunicatefluentlywithforeignersinEnglish，IappealtoyoutojoinourSpokenEnglishCornerrightaway.（desirev.，不定式）→②Ifyouhaveastrongdesirethatyou（should）communicatefluentlywithforeignersinEnglish，IappealtoyoutojoinourSpokenEnglishCornerrightaway.（desiren.，that从句）appealtosb.for/todosth.呼吁某人做某事；appealtosb.还可意为"对某人有吸引力"，例如：Thedesignhastoappealtoallagesandsocialgroups.设计得要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。★havea（strong）desireforsth./that...（should）dosth.（强烈）渴望得到某物/……做某事adesiretodosth.做某事的愿望★desire（sb.）todosth.渴望（某人）做某事desirethat...（should）dosth.渴望……做某事★desirableadj.可取的，值得做的3signalvt.标志着，表明（indicate）；表示，表达vt.&vi.发信号n.信号；标志（sign）；信号灯1.Apolicecardrewabreast（并排）ofusandsignaledustostop（stop）.2.Themomentthebellsignal（l）ed（铃声一响起），Richardrosetohisfeet，seizedhisschoolbagandrushedoutoftheclassroomlikeanarrow.（themoment引导的时间状语从句） （读后续写之动作描写）注意signal可直接加-ed或-ing，也可以双写l后再加。signal（l）ed；signal（l）ing。3.司机小心地抱起受伤的男孩，把他安置在车后排，不顾路边的红绿灯，赶紧把他送到医院。（读后续写之动作描写）Thedrivercarefullypickeduptheinjuredboy，settledhiminthebackofthecarandrushedhimtothehospital，ignoringthetrafficsignalsalongtheroad.（分词短语作状语）★signal（to）sb.todosth.示意某人做某事signal（tosb.）that示意（某人）……★trafficsignals/lights红绿灯4lackn.缺乏；短缺vt.没有；缺乏1.[人教选必①－4]Hislackofeyecontactwhentalkingwithpeopleshowsthathelacksconfidence.2.Theygaveupcarryingontheplanforlackofmoney.3.ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience，hemadeupforitbyworkingextrahard.4.由于个人信息的泄露和频繁的高科技诈骗，在这个信息时代，我们似乎缺乏安全感。→①Becauseoftheleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraud，itseemsthatwelackasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lackv.）→②Becauseoftheleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraud，itseemsthatwearelackinginasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lacking）→③Theleakofpersonalinformationandfrequenthigh-techfraudseemtocausealackofasenseofsecurityinthisinformationera.（lackn.）★（a/the）lackof...缺乏……forlackof...因缺乏……nolackof...不缺……★lackingadj.缺少的，不足的belackingin...缺少……5arguevt.&vi.论证；争辩vi.争吵1.Recentlythecouplehavearguedwitheachotheragreatdealsincetheyhavedifferentanalysisonthemystery.2.[人教选必②－3]Putmoresimply，whilepeoplecontinuetoargueabout/overwhetherornotfattyfoodisdangerous，wealreadyknowthatsugarisakiller.3.Theworkersmanagedtoarguetheirbossintogivingthemapayrise.注意into为介词，后跟动词时，需要用其-ing形式。4.[北师选必③－7]Youandyourparentsarehavinganargument（argue）aboutyoustayingoutlateonFridaynight.注意argue变成名词时，去-e再加-ment。5.Somestudentsthinkthatwearinguniformssavesalotoftimeforthem. （正反观点）→Somestudentsarguethatwearinguniformssavesalotoftimeforthem.（词汇升级）6.Currently，60％respondentsarguefor（支持）garbageclassificationandpeoplewhoargueagainst（反对）itareintheminority. （正反观点）★arguewithsb.about/oversth.就某事与某人争吵/争论arguethat主张/认为……arguefor/against（doing）sth.赞成/反对（做）某事arguesb.into/outofdoingsth.说服某人做/不做某事★argumentn.争论，争吵；论点haveanargumentwithsb.about/oversth.就某事与某人发生争吵/争论6attachvt.系；绑；贴；附上1.[北师必修①－3]Next，theChinesecharacterFuwasattachedupsidedowntoourfrontdoor.2.[外研选必④－1]Asstatedinmyattached（attach）CV，IcanspeakbothEnglishandFrenchfluently.句意：如所附简历所述，我能流利地说英语和法语。CV在此表示"简历"，相当于resume。3.Generally，childrenaremoreattached（attach）totheirmotherthantheirfather.4.她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，上面写着"母亲节快乐"。Shefoundaboxlyingonthetablewithacardattachedtoit，saying"HappyMother’sDay".5.学校应该重视学生的全面发展，而不仅仅是他们的成绩。 （个人观点）Schoolsshouldattachsignificance/importancetostudents’all-rounddevelopmentratherthanonlytheirgrades.beattachedto中to为介词，后跟动词时，需要用其-ing形式。★attach...to把……系/绑/贴/附在……上attach（great）importance/significance/valueto认为……（极为）重要/有价值★attachedadj.热爱……的；附属的beattachedto喜欢，依恋；附属于★attachmentn.附件；附属物；拥护；爱慕7carryon继续做，坚持干（keep，continue，goon，stickto）1.[外研选必①－3]...Stephenwasthought...tobetooshort，toothinandtooweaktofollowinhisfather’sfootsteps.ButStephencarriedon.Playingbasketballwashisdream.2.Carryonexercising（exercise）andyouwillbeingoodshape.3.Lackingsufficientoxygen，theastronautcouldnotcarryonwiththemission.4.Ifyoucontinueworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.→Ifyoucarryonworkinglikethat，youwillbreakdownsoonerorlater.（词汇升级）★carryonwith/doingsth.继续做某事carrysth.on＝carryonsth.继续某事8resultin导致，造成（cause，leadto，bringabout，contributeto，accountfor）（后跟结果）1.[北师选必①－3]ReducedrainfallinCanadaresultedinahugeforestfireinMay2016.2.[译林选必②－1]TherehavebeenanumberofchangestothePulitzerPrizesovertime.Someoftheseresultedfromadvancesintechnology.3.Kidswillfeelthatparentsdon’tcareand，asaresult（结果），mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.常见的表示结果的衔接词语还有：so，therefore，consequently，asaconsequence，thus，hence，accordingly等。4.毫无疑问，人类活动造成了恶劣的环境。→①Thereisnodoubtthathumanactivitiesresultinthebadenvironment.（resultv.）→②Thereisnodoubtthatthebadenvironmentresultsfromhumanactivities.（resultv.）→③Thereisnodoubtthattheenvironmentbecomesworseasaresultofhumanactivities.（resultn.）★resultfrom由……造成（后跟原因）★asaresult结果asaresultof由于……9runout用完，耗尽（beusedup）；（文件）过期，失效（物作主语，无被动语态）1.TomstartedtorunafterJerryatthesightofhim，soJerryhadtorunaway.Jerrywassonervousthatheranintoatreeaccidentallyafterafewminutes’chase.Finally，theirstrengthranout.2.Iranthroughthetextmessageinahurry，notunderstandingawordofit.3.我们的汽油快用完了，所以我们不得不在加油站停下来，在那儿我们又偶然遇见了那个男人。Wewererunningoutofpetrol/Ourpetrolwasrunningout，sowehadtostopatthefillingstation，whereweraninto/acrossthemanagain.runout（of）常用进行时表示将来。runout为不及物动词，通常物作主语；而runoutof后可跟宾语，通常人作主语。★runoutof（＝useup）用完（人作主语）runaway（from...）逃离；避开runfor竞选runafter追求；追逐runinto撞上；偶然遇见；遇到（困难等）；途中遭遇（恶劣天气）runacross偶然遇到；穿过runthrough快速阅读；迅速传遍10动词不定式作后置定语1.[人教必修②－3]SherealisedthatoneofthegreatestbenefitsoftheInternetwasitsabilitytoremove（remove）thedistancethatusuallyexistsbetweenpeople.2.Thefirstpersontoarrive（arrive）wasTonyGarciafromColombia，closelyfollowedbyJuliaSmithfromBritain.3.Therewasnosignalinthatfarawayvillageandallmyattemptstocontact（contact）youfailed.4.我个人认为，我是从事这项工作的最佳人选。 （申请信）Personally，IthinkIamthebestpersontotakeupthejob.★当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、thenext/only/last/very/right等修饰或限定时，常用不定式作后置定语。★动词不定式作后置定语常用来修饰抽象名词，常见的这类名词有：way，time，ability，chance，ambition，anxiety，belief，attempt等。前缀pro-/pre-/fore-本单元：pro-（在前，向前）＋-ced-（行走，前进）＋-ure结果→前面经过的历程→procedure程序；步骤；手续拓展：其他表示"在前，向前"的前缀：通过构词法猜测单词在语境中的词性及含义。1.Noonecouldhaveforeseenthatthingswouldturnoutthisway.Itissosurprising！ v.预见see"看"，foresee→提前看到→预见。2.[人教选必④－2]TheEiffelTower...wasn’talwayssopopular.Infact，in1886，justafteritsconstructionwasfirstproposed，manywerestronglyagainstit. v.提议-pos-"放置"，词尾＋e，propose→提前摆放出来→提议，打算。3.[2022全国乙]However，weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkablybadathiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands，leavingtherestoftheirbodiesexposed.adj.学龄前的school"学校"，preschool→上学前的→学龄前的。4.Noneofuscanforetellwhatliesahead，sowhatwecandoistovalueeverymomentofourlives.v.预言，预测，预知tell"说"，foretell→预先说→预言。Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]Somehow，thesearguments（argue）andreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.2.[2023全国乙]Oncewefoundtheplace，itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimited（limit）time.3.[2022新高考Ⅰ]Asaspecialeducationteacherattheschool，IwasfamiliarwiththechallengesDavidfacedandwasproudofhisstrongdetermination（determine）.4.[2022全国乙]Themoreregularly（regular）theycanbeinspected，themorerailwaysafety，reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.5.[2022北京]Crystalsetouttochangethat，andhelpedtocreateaglobal（globe）movement.6.[2022浙江1月]Theprojectrequiredeachteamtodevelopahypothesis（假说），setupanexperimenttotestthehypothesis，dothestatisticalanalysis（analyse）andpresentthefindings.7.[2021新高考Ⅱ]Forthefirstfewdays，Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointed（disappoint）thatthecubs（幼兽）weren’tthere.注意abit，alittle，alittlebit修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级；abitof，alittleof，alittlebitof修饰名词。根据空前的abit可知，空处应用形容词。8.[2021浙江]Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage.9.[2020新高考Ⅰ]Hiseffortshaveresultedin1，360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.10.[2020全国Ⅰ]WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks，thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts，whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.Iattachtothem为省略了关系词that/which的定语从句，修饰themeaning，关系词在定语从句中作宾语。句意：尽管我常常买很多书，但这三本是别人送给我的礼物，这一点也许增加了我赋予它们的意义。11.[全国Ⅲ]Formanyolderpeople...drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence（independent），givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义1.A.v.示意B.v.发信号C.n.信号灯①[2022全国乙]Withtheirabilitytoseeahead，theycouldsignalanyproblem，sothatfast-movingtrainswouldbeabletoreactintime. B②[2020浙江]ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue，Washington，generallydon’tflashthesamelengthofgreentwiceinarow，especiallyatrushhour. C③[湖北高考]Inordernottobeheard，shepointedherfingerupwardstosignalthatsomeonewasmovingaboutupstairs.A2.[2020天津]Ifyouwanttohaveabusinessofyourown，yourlocallibrarycanbecomealaunchspaceforit. n.发起此处launch没有变形，故不是动词，是名词。launch常见的意思还有"v.发射（火箭、导弹或卫星）"。3.[北京高考]Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms，thesephytoplanktoncreatecolourfulpatternsattheoceansurface. n.图案Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一基础写作——最喜爱的小说你班英语老师请大家以"MyFavoriteNovel"为题准备一份发言稿，以便在下次的口语课上分享，内容包括：1.书名及作者；2.主要内容；3.心得体会。◎写作要点1.我很高兴向你们介绍我最喜欢的书《八十天环游地球》，它由法国杰出作家JulesVerne撰写，希望你们也会感兴趣。（inthehopethat）I’mgladtointroduceyoutomyfavoritebookAroundtheWorldinEightyDayswrittenbyJulesVerne，anoutstandingFrenchwriter，inthehopethatyouwillbealsointerested.2.这是一部科幻小说，讲述了一位英国绅士PhileasFogg先生的故事，他决心在八十天内环游世界。（determined，globe）ItissciencefictionaboutanEnglishgentleman，Mr.PhileasFogg，whoisdeterminedtotravelaroundtheglobewithineightydays.3.即使面临许多困难和挑战，他仍继续他的旅程，并最终实现了目标。（carryon）Evenfacedwithlotsofdifficultiesandchallenges，hecarriesonwithhisjourneyandfinallyachieveshisgoal.4.作者生动的描述和PhileasFogg先生对探索世界的强烈愿望给我留下了深刻印象。（desiren.）Iamdeeplyimpressedbythewriter’svividdescriptionandMr.PhileasFogg’sstrongdesirefortheexplorationoftheworld.5.只有读了这本小说，我才完全明白是勇气和胆量让我们成功，并激励我们不断前进。（resultin）OnlybyreadingthisnovelhaveIfullyunderstooditisbraveryandcouragethatresultinoursuccessandinspireustomoveforwardconstantly.◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。MyFavoriteNovelHello，everyone.I’mgladtointroduceyoutomyfavoritebookAroundtheWorldinEightyDayswrittenbyJulesVerne，anoutstandingFrenchwriter，inthehopethatyouwillbealsointerested.ItissciencefictionaboutanEnglishgentleman，Mr.PhileasFogg，whoisdeterminedtotravelaroundtheglobewithineightydays.Evenfacedwithlotsofdifficultiesandchallenges，hecarriesonwithhisjourneyandfinallyachieveshisgoal.Iamdeeplyimpressedbythewriter’svividdescriptionandMr.PhileasFogg’sstrongdesirefortheexplorationoftheworld.OnlybyreadingthisnovelhaveIfullyunderstooditisbraveryandcouragethatresultinoursuccessandinspireustomoveforwardconstantly.写作二读后续写——情感描写之宽慰与骄傲积累背诵仿写运用单词relief，pride；relieved，proud根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.他高昂着头，把奖杯抱在胸前，站在队伍的前面。Holdinghisheadhigh，heheldthecupagainsthisbreastandstoodattheheadoftheline.（现在分词作状语）2.得知孩子们安全后，她如释重负地松了一口气。Knowingherchildrenweresafe，shebreathedasighofrelief.3.我自信且骄傲地走进体育馆，期待着为自己近期的胜利再添一冠。Confidentandproud，Iwalkedintothestadiumexpectingtoaddanothercrowntomyrecentsuccess.（形容词短语作状语）4.我为自己感到骄傲，因为我从来没想到自己可以成为救援队的一分子并真正发挥作用。Iwasproudof/tookprideinmyself，asIhadneverimaginedIcouldbepartofarescuepartyandreallymakeadifference.5.我被震撼到了，为这个男孩的勇敢感到满腔自豪。Iwasblownawayandswelledwithprideintheboy’sbravery.6.他们看向彼此，心中一阵宽慰。在灾难中幸存让他们对这个世界深怀感恩。Theylookedateachother，andfeltawaveofrelief.Survivingthedisaster，theyhadadeepgratitudetowardstheworld.词组1.smilewithrelief宽慰地笑2.awaveofrelief一阵宽慰3.toone’sgreatrelief使某人大为宽慰的是4.breatheasighofrelief如释重负地松了口气5.amixtureofwarmthandrelief温暖和宽慰交织6.agreatsenseofpride强烈的自豪感7.beproudof/takepridein以……为骄傲8.holdone’sheadhigh高昂着头9.befullofpride/burstwithpride充满了自豪10.swellwithpride满腔自豪佳句1.Hiseyesshiningwithdelightandpride，hecouldn’tsayaword.他眼里闪烁着喜悦与骄傲，一句话也说不出来。2.Wesucceededinclimbingontothehelicopter，sighingwithrelief.我们成功爬上了直升机，松了一口气。3.Feelingarushofpride，sherantohersonandputherarmsaroundhim.她突然感到一阵自豪，跑过去搂住了她的儿子。4.Ihaveneverseenhercrybefore，butnowIcanseetearsofreliefwellingupinhereyes.我从没有见她哭过，但是现在我看到她眼中涌出了宽慰的泪水。一、阅读理解A[素材创新/2024天星原创]Duringspacemissions，astronautscanexperiencealossofsomeoftheinnerstructuralsupportintheirbones，reducingthedensity（密度）ofthem.Fortripsinspacelastingatleast6months，thebonelossisequaltoabout20yearsofaging.Fortunately，anewstudyfindsayearbackonearthrebuildsabouthalfofstrengthlostintheaffectedbones."Ourbonesarealwaysremodeling（重塑），"notesexercisescientistLeighGabel."Butthey’lllosesomeoftheirstrengthwheninspace."Gabelwaspartofateamthattracked17astronauts.Eachofthese14menand3womenhadspentfrom4to7monthsinspace.Theteammeasuredthe3-Dstructureoftheirbones.Theyfocusedonthestructureofthetibia（胫骨）inthelowerlegandthelower-armbone.Theresearcherstookimagesofthebones4times—beforespaceflight，thenwhentheastronautsreturnedfromspace，andagainsixmonthsandoneyearlater.Fromthepictures，theygottoknowanastronaut’sbonestrengthanddensityateachofthosetimes.Astronautsinspaceforlessthansixmonthsrecoveredtheirpreflightbonestrengthafterayearbackonearth.Butthosewhostayedinspacelongersufferedpermanentbonelossintheirtibias.Thatlosswasequaltoadecadeofaging.Thelower-armbonesshowedalmostnoloss.Thatwaslikelybecausethesearen’tweight-bearingbonesonearth，Gabelexplains.Infact，thosearmscangetabiggerworkoutinspacethanonearthasastronautsusethemtomovearoundtheircraftbypushingoffhandlesanddoorways."Increasingweight-liftingexercisesinspacecouldhelpreducebonelossinlegs，"saysexercisescientistStevenBoyd."Withlongerspaceflight，wecanexpectbiggerboneloss—andprobablyabiggerproblemwithrecovery，"saysphysiologistLaurenceVico."Spaceagenciesshouldalsoconsiderotherboneheathmeasurestoreducebonelossandincreaseboneformation."身处太空中的宇航员会出现骨质流失的情况，而且他们在太空中待的时间越长，这种情况会越严重。如果待的时间少于6个月的话，返回地球一年后，骨骼强度会恢复到进入太空前的状态；时间超过6个月的话，骨质流失将会是永久性的。1.Whatmaytheauthorthinkofthenewstudy’sdiscovery？A.Itshowsbonelossinspacecanbeignored.B.It’sreallybeyondtheresearchers’expectations.C.Itshowspeopleonearthdon’tsufferboneloss.D.It’sprobablygoodnewsforastronautsbackfromspace.解析D细节理解题。由第一段中的"Fortunately，anewstudyfindsayearbackonearthrebuildsabouthalfofstrengthlostintheaffectedbones"可知，研究的发现对于从太空归来的宇航员来说理应是好消息，故本题选D。2.WhatdoesPara.3mainlytalkabout？A.Thefocusoftheresearchers’study.B.HowGabel’steamcarriedouttheirresearch.C.Whytheresearcherstookpicturesfourtimes.D.Changesoftheastronauts’bonestrengthanddensity.解析B段落大意题。通读第三段可知，本段主要讲述的是Gabel的团队如何开展他们的研究，故本题选B。3.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinPara.4probablymean？A.Regular. B.Limited.C.Everlasting. D.Typical.解析C词义猜测题。结合第四段中的"Astronautsinspaceforlessthansixmonthsrecoveredtheirpreflightbonestrengthafterayearbackonearth"、画线词所在句中的关键词But以及最后一段中的"Withlongerspaceflight，wecanexpectbiggerboneloss—andprobablyabiggerproblemwithrecovery"不难推知，permanent应该与recovered在意义上相对立，再结合四个选项可知，在太空中待的时间更长的宇航员的胫骨遭受的骨质流失应该是永久性的，故本题选C。4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayBoydagreewith？A.Aspaceflightlessthanhalfayeardoesnoharmtoastronauts.B.Astronautscanavoidbonelossthroughdoingenoughexercise.C.Spaceflightshouldbelimitedasmuchaspossibleforastronauts’safety.D.Usingsomeexercisedevicesforlegsmayhelptheastronautsinspace.解析D细节理解题。由倒数第二段中Boyd的话"Increasingweight-liftingexercisesinspacecouldhelpreducebonelossinlegs"可知，本题选D。B[科技创新/2024四川绵阳零诊]Nuclearbombs.That’sthego-toanswerforincomingspaceobjectslikeasteroids（小行星）andcometsasfarasHollywoodisconcerned.MovieslikeDeepImpactandArmageddonrelyonnuclearweapons，deliveredbystarslikeBruceWillis，tosavetheworldanddeliverthedrama.Butplanetarydefenseexpertssayinreality，ifastronomersspottedadangerousin-comingspacerock，thesafestandbestanswermightbesomethingmoresubtle，likesimplypushingitoffcoursebycrashingitwithasmallspacecraft.That’sjustwhatNASAdidonMondayevening，whenaspacecraftheadedstraightintoanasteroidcalledDimorphos，whichisaround7millionmilesawayandposesnothreattoEarth.It’sabout525feetacrossandorbitsanotherlargerasteroid.Inimagesstreamed（传输）asthecrashneared，theegg-shapedasteroidgrewinsizefromalittlespotonscreentohaveitsfullrockysurfacecomequicklyintofocusbeforethesignalwentdeadasthecrafthitrightontarget.Eventshappenedexactlyasengineershadplanned，theysaid，withnothinggoingwrong."Asfaraswecantell，ourfirstplanetarydefensetestwasasuccess，"saidElenaAdams，themissionsystemsengineer，whoaddedthatscientistslookedonwith"bothterrorandjoy"as