必修二Unit5Music语法知识读后续写筑基讲义

Part1单元语法讲义过去分词作表语和状语Part2读后续写素材八大自然现象描写Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测必修二Unit5MusicPart1单元语法讲义过去分词作表语和状语一、过去分词作表语Thecupisbroken.(表被动，完成)Heisretired.(完成)注意过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.(被动语态，表示动作)Thelibraryisnowclosed.(过去分词作表语)过去分词做形容词表示“感到……”之意beamazed（at）感到惊异beamused（at）感到好笑beannoyed（at）感到烦恼bebored（with）感到厌烦beconvinced（of）感到信服bedisappointed（at）感到失望bediscouraged（in）感到沮丧beembarrassed（in）感到为难beencouraged（in）感到鼓舞beexcited（at）感到激动befrightened（of）感到害怕behorrified（with）感到恐惧bemoved（at）深为感动bepleased（about）感到愉悦bepuzzled（about）感到困惑besatisfied（with）感到满意beshocked（about）感到震惊besurprised（at）感到惊奇betired（of）感到厌烦【提示】①现在分词作表语，意为“令人……，使人……”，主动意味。Ourtripwasdisappointing.我们的这次旅行让人失望。②过去分词作表语，意为“感到……”，被动意味。Weweredisappointedatourtrip.我们对这次旅行感到失望。注意：过去分词作表语与ving形式作表语的区别。interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其过去分词来修饰人，用ving形式来修饰物。ThebookisinterestingandI’minterestedinit.Weareexcitedatthenews.四、过去分词作表语1)过去分词作表语，总是位于系动词的后面，表语即说明主语的状态或特征。如：Theylookeddisappointed（失望的）.Shewasastonished（惊讶的）tohearwhathadhappened.常见的系动词有：1.状态系动词：be动词;2.感官系动词：look/feel/smell/taste/sound等；3.变化系动词：get/bee/turn/grow/fall/grow等4.持续系动词：remain/stay/keep（仍然）5.表象系动词：seem/appear（似乎，好像）6.终止系动词：prove/turnout(结果是，证明是)1.Shewasexcitedtohearthegoodnews.2.Ifeltsurprisedathisbehavior.3.Thepassengersshouldbeseatedastheplaneismakingalanding.2）过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态。此时的过去分词作表语相当于一个形容词。(1)表感受的过去分词常有：disappointed/excited/frightened/surprised/delighted/encouraged/interested/puzzled/worried/pleased…(2)表状态类的过去分词常有:dressed(打扮好的),lost(迷路的),drunk(喝醉的),seated(就坐的),absorbed(全神贯注的),devoted(忠诚的)3）过去分词与现在分词作表语的区别?1.Thestoryisinteresting.2.Iaminterestedinthisstory.现在分词做表语修饰物,翻译成“令人……的”；过去分词做表语修饰人,翻译成“感到……的”。二、过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可以表示时间、让步、条件、原因、方式和结果，相当于一个状语从句。其逻辑主语为主句主语，且与主句主语构成被动关系。1.作时间状语相当于时间状语从句；可在过去分词前加上连词“when,while,until”等，使其时间意义更明确。Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.从山上看，这个公园非常美丽。(=Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.)2.作原因状语相当于原因状语从句或并列结构从句。Touchedbyhisteacher’swords,theboycried.这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了。(=Theboywastouchedbyhisteacher’swords,sohecried.)3.作条件状语相当于条件状语从句；可加连词if,unless等转换成条件状语从句。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。(=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.)4.作让步状语相当于让步状语从句；有时可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether…or…等连词转换成让步状语从句。Warnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.尽管农民们已被告知将有暴风雨，但他们仍然在地里干活。(=Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.)5.作方式伴随状语加and可转换成并列结构从句。Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofhisstudents.老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。(=Theteacherenteredtheclassroomandhewasfollowedbyagroupofhisstudents.)分词作状语记忆口诀：分词作状语，主语是问题。逗号前后两动作，共用一主语。主语找出后，再来判关系。主动用ing，被动用ed，Havingdone表先后，千万要牢记。现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1)现在分词作状语，句子的主语是现在分词的动作的执行者，而过去分词作状语，句子的主语是分词的动作承受者。Seeingthenewbike,hejumpedwithjoy.看见了新自行车，他高兴地跳了起来。(he做了see这个动作)Seenfromhere，thepictureappearsbeautifulindeed.在这里看，这张画确实很美丽。(画是被看的)2)从时间上看。过去分词可以表示完成或模糊的时间概念，而与现在分词的一般式表示与主语动词同时或几乎同时发生，现在分词的完成式表示先于谓语动词发生。Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboyill.他们到那时发现男孩病了。(arriving与found同时发生)Hearingthenoiseoutside,herushedout.听到外面的吵闹声，他冲了出去。(hear和rush几乎同时发生)Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentout.做完了作业，他出去了。(finish先于went)Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylookssmall.从山顶上看，城市看上去很小。(seen不表示完成，也不强调正在进行，只表示被动)Explainedmanytimes(=Havingbeenexplainedmanytimes)，heunderstoodwhattodointheend.给他解释了好多次了，他终于知道该做什么了。(Explain与句子的主语是被动的，而且在谓语动作understood之前完成，可以用过去分词表示，相当于现在分词的完成式的被动形式，但是后者Havingbeenexplained更强调已经完成。)Part2读后续写素材积累与练习一、花香鸟语【必背金句】1..Flowersarewavinginthebreezeoftheearlyspring.花儿在早春的微风中摇曳。2.Thesweetsongofbirdsmademespellbound.我沉浸在小鸟悦耳的歌声中。3.Thefragrantflowersattractedlotsofbutterflies,lingering(萦绕)aroundthem.鲜花的香味引来了很多蝴蝶，它们围着花朵。4.Thenewspringgrassshotupastimeitselfhadspedup.随着时间的脚步加快，新的春草拔地而起。4.Thebirdsbusythemselvesaroundme,notcaringthatI’mthere.鸟儿们在我周围忙碌着，并不介意我在哪里。6.Theyheardthetwitter/chatterofbirdsamongthebushes.他们听到树丛中鸟儿发出的唧唧喳喳声。7.Birdswerechattering/twitteringsomewhere.鸟儿在某处唧唧喳喳地叫着。8.Onaquitemorninginthemountains,feelthesunonyourskinandbreatheinthesweetscentoffreshflowerswhilebirdsgreetthenewdaywiththeirmorningsong.山中宁静的清晨，感受阳光洒在你的身上，呼吸鲜花的芳香，聆听鸟儿们用它们的歌声迎接新的一天。二、雷电描写【名词】lightning闪电thunder雷【动词】crash发出巨响boom/rumble轰鸣【词组】aflashoflightening一道闪电aloudcrashofthunder一声巨雷breakout爆发inaflash一刹那间flashacross一闪而过【必背金句】1.Thundercrashedinthesky.雷在空中发出巨响。2.Thethunderwasrumblinginthedistance.远处雷声隆降3.Anashoflightningflashedacrossthesky.一道闪电划过天空。4.Outside,thunderboomedandcrashed.外面雷声隆降，发出巨响。5.Thunderboomedintheskyoverhead,雷声在头顶上的天空中隆隆作响。6.Theweatherinsummerisunpredictable.Justnowitwassunny.Inaflash,lightningandthunderbrokeout,andthestormbegantorain.夏天的天气真是变幻莫测。刚才还是晴空万里，一霎时就电闪雷鸣，开始了狂风暴雨。7.Thunderrumbledinthemountainsallaroundandrainbegantofallinheavydrops.山里雷声隆隆雨点开始大颗大颗地往下落。8.Afteraloudcrashofthunder,itrainedfuriously.一声巨雷过后，大雨倾盆而下。三、云描写【动词】part散开drift飘移spread扩散【形容词】cloudy多云的overcast阴沉沉的【词组】befullofdarkclouds布满乌云darkmassesofclouds层层乌云clearaway散去driftacross飘过breaksth.up使散开【必背金句】1.Theskyisovercast,darkenedwithgloomyclouds.天空阴沉，乌云密布。2.Theskywasacurdledgrayburdenedwithlumpsofclouds.填空是浓浓的灰色，伴着拥挤的朵朵云彩。3.Asthenightadvanced,thecloudsclosedinanddenselyoverspreadthewholesky.夜色渐深，乌云密布，笼罩了整个天空。4.Thecloudshadspreadandnearlycoveredtheentiresky.云层散开，几乎遮住了整个天空。5.Theskywasfullofdarkmassesofclouds.天空中乌云密布。6.Byafternoon,thecloudshaveclearedaway.到了下午，云已经散去。7.Theskywasovercast,darkenedwithgloomyclouds,andthewholeworldseemedtobeenvelopedinahugegrayquilt.天阴沉沉的，乌云密布，整个世界仿佛都被笼罩在一张巨大的灰色被子里。四、太阳描写【动词】melt融化heat变热burn燃烧rise升起set落下【形容词】hot炎热的burning炽热的sweltering闷热的【词组】clearup放晴sweatlikeapig汗流浃背thickair闷塞的空气【必背金句】1.Theweatherwassohotthattherewasnowind,andthethickairseemedtobefrozen.天气热得雪命,一丝风也没有，闷塞的空气好像凝住了。2.Thisweatheristerrible.Iamsweatinglikeapig,althoughI'mnotdoinganything.天热得吓人，虽然我什么都没做，但还是汗流浃背。3.Inthisheat,eventhetreesappeareddefeated,withleavesdroopinglifelessly.在这种炎热的天气里、连树木都显得萎靡不振,树叶都毫无生气地垂落着。4.Thesunwasatitshighest.TheheatbeatdownonmyheadasifIwasbaconunderthegrill.太阳处于最高点,热浪击打在头上，我好像烤架下的培根一样。5.Thewaterwasdeepblueandthesunlightglitteredonitsglassclearsurface.湖水深蓝，阳光在风平浪静的湖面上熠熠生辉。6.Thebeachisbathedintheamberlikesunshine.海滩沐浴在琥珀色的阳光中。五、雾描写【名词】fog雾mist薄雾【动词】obscure使模糊melt消散envelop/enpass笼罩【形容词】foggy有雾的misty薄雾笼罩的shadowy朦胧的【词组】ablanketoffog厚厚的一层雾heavy/densefog浓雾athickblanketoffog大雾castanetover在……撒下一张网【必背金句】1.Thefogfinallylifted.雾终于散了。2.Theviewwasobscuredbyfog.雾中景色朦胧。3.Thehillswereenvelopedindensefog.群山被浓雾笼罩着。4.Themorningfogblockedourview.清晨的雾挡住了我们的视线。5.Thefogsoonenpassedthewholevalley.雾很快笼罩了整个山谷。6.Thetownwascoveredinathickblanketoffog.大雾笼罩着这个城镇。7.Theheavyfogseemedtobecastinganetoverme.浓雾似乎在我身上撒下了一张网。六、雪描写【名词】snow雪blizzard雪暴snowstorm暴风雪snowflake雪花【动词】dance跳舞fall/drift飘落blanket以厚层覆盖crunch嘎吱响weigh重压【形容词】snowy多雪的frosty霜冻的feathery羽毛似的pure纯的【词组】bestruckbyheavysnow被暴雪袭击becoveredwiththicksnow被厚厚的积雪覆盖featherysnowflakes羽毛般的雪花danceinthenightair在夜空中飞舞driftdown飘落meltaway融化frozensnow冻雪beburiedinthesnow深埋在雪中【必背金句】1.Themountaintopwascoveredwithsnow.山顶被积雪覆盖。2.Thenthesnowslowlymeltsaway.然后雪慢慢地融化了。3.Thefrozensnowcrunchedunderourfeet.冻结的雪在我们的脚下嘎吱作响。4.Snowblanketedeveryrooftopandweighedonthebranchesofoldtrees.雪覆盖了每一个屋顶,压在老树的枝丫上。5.Thecountrysidewastransformedintoahugewhiteplainbythesnow.It'sdarknowandthesnowisfalling,clumpsofwetflakesdriftingdown.乡村被雪变成了一片巨大的白色平原。现在天黑了，雪还在下，一片片湿漉漉的雪花飘落下来。6.Thefeatherysnowflakesdancedinthenightair,makingabeautifulpicture.鹅毛般的雪花在夜空中飞舞，像一幅美丽的画。7.Itwasachillywinternight,themoonshiningbrightlyandthesnowblanketingtheground.那是一个寒冷的冬夜,月光皎洁,白雪覆盖着大地。8.Soonthetinyflakesfloatedsoftlydown,likeflocksoflittlewhitebirds.很快，细小的雪花像成群的小白鸟一样轻轻飘落下来。七、雨的描写【名词】rain雨drizzle毛毛细雨shower阵雨downpour倾盆大雨【动词】fall落下drum不停地敲打stop停止quiet使安静【形容词】stormy暴风雨的rainy多雨的torrential倾泻的fine纤细的icy/freezing冰冷的dreadful可怕的【词组】beat/flapagainst拍打pourdown倾盆而下aheavydownpour大暴雨lightrain小雨arainyseason多雨的季节astormynight暴风雨之夜fierce/heave/violentstorms狂风暴雨atimely/seasonablerain好雨知时节becaughtintherain被雨淋continuousrain连续不断的雨sheetsofbitterlycoldrain阵阵刺骨的冷雨thedark,rainingevening雨夜交加的夜晚【必背金句】1.Therainletsup.雨小了。2.Itwasrainingcatsanddogsyesterdayafterschool,andIwasallwetwhenIgothome.昨天放学的时候下着倾盆大雨，我到家时全身都湿了。3.Therewasaheavydownpour.Unfortunately,Tomwascaughtintheheavyrain.下了一场大暴雨。不幸的是，Tom在暴雨中被淋成了落汤鸡。4.Theraindrummedonthewindow,biddingfarewelltothelastbeamofsunlight.雨敲打在窗上，并向最后一缕阳光告别。5.Springrain,likecattlehair,likeneedles,likefinesilk,closelyinclinedweaving.春雨、像牛毛、像花针、像细丝，密密地斜织着。6.Iwasdisturbedbytheannoyingsoundoftherain.淅淅沥沥的雨声扰乱了我的思绪。7.Immediately,sheetsofbitterlycoldrainfilledtheair.顷刻间，空中下起了阵阵刺骨的冷雨。8.Theraincamepouringdown,thestreamsrose,andthewindsblewandbeatagainstthehouse.大雨倾盆，溪水上涨，狂风咆哮这撞击房屋。9.Thoughtherainstopped,thewindrushedbyandwhistledandmadestrangesounds.雨虽停了，风却呼啸而过，发出奇怪的声音。10.Theraindrummedonthewindow,biddingfarewelltothelastbeamofsunlight.雨滴敲打着窗户，向最后一缕阳光告别。11.Thewindwashowlinghorriblyandtherainwaspouringdown,flappingagainstthetrees.狂风呼啸，大雨倾盆而下，拍打着树枝。八、风之描写【名词】breeze微风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado龙卷风【动词】blow刮whip鞭打whistle嗖嗖地刮waft吹拂rustle沙沙作响kiss亲吻【形容词】gentle/soft轻柔的moderate/mild温和的strong/violent猛烈的chilly凛冽的【词组】sweepacross席卷waftthrough拂blowthrough吹过dieaway风逐渐变弱pickup风力加大cutdeepintoone’sbones刺骨exposedtothefourwindsofheaven四面受风【必背金句】1.Thesunwentin,andthebreezebecamecold.云层遮住了太阳，微风有了新凉意。2.Thoughtherainstopped,thewindrushedbyandwhistledandmadestrangesounds.雨虽停了，风却呼啸而过，发出奇怪的声音。3.Fallingleavesdanceddowninthecoolmidautumnair,biddingfarewelltosweetsummerandwelingtheautumnin.落叶在秋风中飞舞，告别了甜美的夏天，迎接秋天的到来。4.Thewindhadpickedup.风愈刮愈大。5.Itwasgettingdarkandthewinddiedaway.天渐渐黑了，风渐渐小了。6.Thebreezegentlykissedhischecks.微风轻柔地亲吻着他的脸庞。7.Acoldbreezewaftedthroughmyhair.寒冷的微风吹过我的头发。8.Acoolbreezeblewthroughthequietpark.凉爽的微风吹过安静的公园。9.Thewindstoodupandgaveashout.大风凛冽，发出怒吼。。10.Agentle/light/cool/warmbreezeblowsin/esinoffthesea.微风/轻风强风凉园暖风从海上吹来。11.Theicywindstartedhowling,stingingmyface.焊缝开始咆哮，刺痛了我的脸。12.ThewindwassobonechillingthatIcouldn'tstopshiveringfromthecod.寒风刺骨，我冷得不停打哆嗦。13.Outside,thewindsblewthetreesandbeatagainstthehouse,whichmadepeopleunabletoonetheireyes.外面，风吹着树，拍打着房子，使人们无法睁开眼睛。14.Asthewindblows,wecanheartheleavesrustlinginthetrees,随着风的吹拂,我们可以听到树沙沙作响。15.Theicewindstartedhowling,cuttingmyfacelikeasharpknife.寒风开始咆哮，像锋利的刀子一样刮在我的脸上。Part3单元语法+读后续写即时检测一、单句语法填空1．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）Besidesperformances(create)bylightandshadow,performersmustmasterasetofvariousskillsastheplaysbinepainting,carving,operaandliterature.【答案】created【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了光影创造的表演，表演者还必须掌握一系列的技巧，因为戏剧结合了绘画、雕刻、歌剧和文学。主句中已有谓语动词mustmaster且无连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，create和逻辑主语performances之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填created。2．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）HealsogiveslecturesaboutthefightagainstdesertificationatschoolsofAlshaaLeague,hoping(raise)awarenessamongyoungpeople.【答案】toraise【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他还在阿尔沙亚联盟的学校做关于防治荒漠化的讲座，希望提高年轻人的意识。hopetodosth.“希望做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾语。故填toraise。3．（2324高三上·福建·阶段练习）Thesecretaryhadnooptionbut(resign)fromthejobaftergivingawaythesecretofthepany.【答案】toresign【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：秘书在泄露了公司的秘密后，别无选择，只得辞职。此处上文为短语havenooptionbutdosth.表示“别无选择，只得……”。故填toresign。4．（2324高三上·福建·阶段练习）Severalpeopledeserve(mention)fortheirassistanceinprovidinginformationforthisreport.【答案】mentioning/tobementioned【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有几个人在为本报告提供资料方面提供了协助，值得提及。deservedoing/tobedone“值得做，值得被做”，固定用法，动名词是主动形式表示被动汉语，故填mentioning/tobementioned。5．（2324高三上·福建·阶段练习）Shefoundthewavelength(波长)oftheirbroadcasts,andlefttheradio(tune)totheirstation.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】tuned【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她找到了他们的广播波段，把收音机调到那个位置收听他们电台的节目。此处是“leave+宾语+宾补”结构，动词tune和宾语radio之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填tuned。6．（2324高三上·福建·阶段练习）Robert,(accuse)oftheftinasupermarket,mightfacetheresultofbeingarrestedandputintoprison.【答案】accused【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：罗伯特被控在超市偷窃，他可能面临被捕入狱的结果。accuse和逻辑主语Robert之间是被动关系，此处应用过去分词作状语，故填accused。7．（2324高三上·福建·阶段练习）The(shade)areasshowinguswherethehouseswillbebuiltcanbedistinguishedfromthesurroundingareasonthemap.【答案】shaded【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在地图上，向我们显示房屋建造位置的阴影区域可以与周围区域区分开来。空处修饰名词areas，需用非谓语动词作定语，shade和areas为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填shaded。8．（2324高三上·福建·阶段练习）Yourlifeandcareerdon’trelyontheideas(bounce)aroundinyourheadsbutyourdowntoearthactions.【答案】bouncing【详解】考查现在分词。句意：你的生活和事业不依赖于你脑海中跳跃的想法，而是依赖于你脚踏实地的行动。分析句子结构可知，bounce在句子中不作为谓语动词使用，它和ideas之间为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作后置定语，故填bouncing。9．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Youngmenandwomensinganddancehandinhandaroundthebonfire(express)theirgratitudeforalifeofplentyandgoodwishesfortheingyear.【答案】toexpress【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：青年男女手拉手围着篝火唱歌跳舞，以表达他们对丰饶生活的感激之情和对来年的美好祝愿。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填toexpress。10．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Independenceisanotherwordforfreedom,whichisauniversalvalue(cherish)byallpeople.Freedomislikethedriftingofwhitecloudsintheopenskyandthehappybloomingofaflowerinthewoods.【答案】cherished【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：独立是自由的另一个词，这是所有人都珍视的普遍价值。自由就像在开阔的天空中漂浮的白云，像在树林中快乐开放的花朵。该句的谓语是is，空处应用非谓语动词，cherish与名词value之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填cherished。11．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）PossiblythemosthelpfulandjoybringingappI’veaddedtomyphonelatelyisMerlin,afreebirdidentificationprogram(create)bytheCornellUniversityLabofOrnithology.【答案】created【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近我给安装的最有用、最能带来快乐的应用程序可能是Merlin，这是康奈尔大学鸟类学实验室开发的一款免费的鸟类识别程序。分析句子结构可知，create与逻辑主语afreebirdidentificationprogram构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填created。12．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Due(e)intoeffectfromApril1,thelawexplainswaterconservationontheriverbasin,ecologicalprotectionandrestoration,conservationandintensiveuseofwaterresources,floodcontrolandpollutionpreventionamongothermeasures.【答案】toe【详解】考查不定式。句意：该法将于4月1日起实施，对流域水资源保护、生态保护和修复、水资源保护和集约利用、防洪和污染防治等措施作出解释。形容词due“预定的，预期发生的”后跟不定式，构成duetodosth意为“预定……”，设空处填动词不定式toe。故填toe。13．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Hangzhouisrecognizedasthe“CityofWellBeing”inChina.Hangzhoumadeitsname(know)totheworldin2016byhostingtheG20Summit.【答案】known【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：杭州被誉为中国的“幸福之城”。2016年，杭州因举办二十国集团峰会而闻名世界。分析句子可知，空处在句中作宾语补足语，且动词know与宾语name构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填known。14．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Asheplayedhisguqininthemountains,awoodcutternamedZhongZiqiheardthemusicandunderstoodexactlywhatYuwanted(express).【答案】toexpress【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：当他在山上弹奏古琴时，一位名叫钟子期的樵夫听到了音乐，并完全理解了他想表达的意思。wanttodo意为“想要做某事”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用todo不定式作宾语。故填toexpress。15．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）AnalltimefavoritedishandsymbolofspringtimeinZhejiangisYanDuXian,adelicioussoup(make)withfreshspringbambooshoots,curedporkandfreshpork.【答案】made【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：腌笃鲜是浙江人最喜欢的一道菜，也是春天的象征，腌笃鲜是一种由新鲜的春笋、腌猪肉和新鲜猪肉制成的美味汤。分析句子结构可知，make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语adelicioussoup构成逻辑被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填made。16．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Kowkui’sexceptionallylargeleavesoftenleadtoits(mistake)for“vegetable”byfirsttimeviewers,butthis“king”ofgreenteainFang’seyesbeatsothervarietiesatmorethanjustsize.【答案】beingmistaken【详解】考查动名词复合结构。句意：猴魁茶的叶子特别大，经常让第一次观看的人误认为是“蔬菜”，但在方看来，这种绿茶“王”胜过其他品种的不仅仅是大小。分析句子可知，此处为动名词复合结构one’sdoingsth.作leadto的宾语，由mistake和逻辑主语Kowkui’sleaves为被动关系，所以为动名词被动形式。故填beingmistaken。17．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）ConsistingoftheSuiandTangGrandCanal,theJingHangGrandCanalandtheZhedongCanal,theCanalstretchesover2,700kilometers,crossingeightprovincialleveladministrativeregionsand(link)fivemajorwatersystems.【答案】linking【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：京杭大运河由隋唐大运河、京杭大运河和浙东运河组成，全长2700多公里，跨越八个省级行政区，连接五大水系。空处和上文crossing并列作状语，应用非谓语动词形式，逻辑主语theCanal和link之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填linking。18．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Thereef,between15kilometersand150kilometersoffshoreandaround65kmwideinsomeparts,isagatheringofbrilliant,vividcoral(provide)diverswiththemostspectacularunderwaterexperienceimaginable.【答案】providing【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大堡礁距离海岸15公里至150公里，部分地区宽约65公里，是一片明亮、鲜艳的珊瑚聚集地，为潜水员提供了可以想象到的最壮观的水下体验。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，provide与逻辑主语Thereef之间为为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填providing。19．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Wearingacostumeand(arm)withapropspear(道具长矛),the42yearoldwalksconfidentlyacrossthestage,practisingavarietyofmartialartmovements,beforeendingthedrillwithaliangxiang(strikingaposeonthestage).【答案】armed【详解】考查固定短语。句意：42岁的他穿着戏服，手持道具矛，自信地走在舞台上，练习各种武术动作，最后以一个“亮相”(在舞台上摆出一个姿势)结束练习。固定短语bearmedwith表示“装备有、配备有”，再分析句式结构，此处应省去be，用过去分词作状语。故填armed。20．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）First(manufacture)inShanghaiinthe1940s,WhiteRabbitwasn’tonlyahouseholdnameinChina,italsowasusedasgiftsforforeigndignitaries(政要).【答案】manufactured【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：大白兔于20世纪40年代在上海首次生产，它不仅在中国家喻户晓，还被用作送给外国政要的礼物。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，manufacture和主句主语WhiteRabbit之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填manufactured。21．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）ForWang,(win)thistitleisjustthebeginningofapromisingfuture.Therisingstarsaidhewouldheadtothetopspotsintheprofessionalarena.【答案】winning【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对王发来说，赢得这个冠军只是他美好未来的开始。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词作主语。故填winning。22．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）What’smore,ChineseCultureCentersinCairo,Paris,Berlin,TokyoandDenmark,tonameafew,areintroducingChinabyholdingculturalactivities,openingtrainingclasses,and(build)libraries.【答案】building【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，开罗、巴黎、柏林、东京、丹麦等地的中国文化中心正在通过举办文化活动、开设培训班、建设图书馆等方式介绍中国。根据上文openingtrainingclasses,and可知本句与上文构成并列非谓语结构，为动名词作介词的宾语。故填building。23．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Whenshespottedsuchabandonedgoods,sheputapairofeyeballshapedstickersonthembeforepublishingnotesonhersocialmediaaccounts,andguidingothers(pick)themupfromthestreets.【答案】topick【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她发现这些被遗弃的物品时，她在上面贴了一对眼球形状的贴纸，然后在她的社交媒体账户上发布注释，并引导其他人从街上捡起这些物品。guidesb.todosth.意为“指导某人做某事”。故填topick。24．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）Aresort(度假胜地)inVietnamhasopenedaglassbottomedfootbridge,thethirdsuchbridgeintheSoutheastAsiancountry,(connect)twomountains.【答案】connecting【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：越南的一个度假胜地开设了一座玻璃底人行桥，这是东南亚国家的第三座这样的桥，连接两座山。句子的谓语为hasopened，设空处作非谓语动词，connect与逻辑主语aglassbottomedfootbridge之间为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填connecting。25．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）AsanexpertfortheBabyAnnabellAskTheExpertscampaign,peoplehaveaskedmeif(have)ashypersonalityissomethingwearebornwithorifit’ssomethingwedevelopbasedonourexperiences.【答案】having【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为“宝贝安娜贝尔问专家”活动的专家，人们问我，害羞是我们天生的性格，还是我们根据自己的经历发展起来的性格。分析句子结构，空白处在以if为连接词的宾语从句中做主语，使用动名词作主语，故填having。26．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Oneshouldbeclearaboutwhat(love)orhate.Renesfromlearningandselfcultivation:itcanbeseenfromaperson’sappearance.【答案】tolove【详解】考查不定式。句意：一个人应该清楚地知道爱什么或恨什么。分析句子可知此处为“疑问词+不定式”作介词about的宾语，故填tolove。27．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Fromthelate13thuntil19thcentury,withthehighestsectionbuiltandtheoveralllength(shorten),theCanalwasturnedintoamainpassagebetweennorthernandsouthernChinaaswellastheeconomiclifelineofthecountry.【答案】shortened【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从13世纪末到19世纪，随着最高段的建造和总长度的缩短，运河成为中国南北之间的主要通道和国家的经济命脉。在with复合结构中，空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，shorten和逻辑主语length之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填shortened。28．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Sofar,Shandonghaslaunchedmanyculturaltourismprojects,makinggreatprogressindiggingintothecultureandvalueoftheYellowRiver(boost)thehighqualitydevelopmentoftheregion.【答案】toboost【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值方面取得了重大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。分析句子结构可知boost在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填toboost。29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Sincethesummerof2022,a26yearoldShanghairesident(name)ChenJiaoronghasbeenwalkingalongJuluRoadinShanghai’sdowntownareaonceortwiceaweek,lookingaroundandpickingup“garbage”.【答案】named【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：自从2022年夏天开始，一个名叫陈娇蓉的26岁的上海居民，经常会在上海市中心的巨鹿路上一周走一到两次，四处看看并捡起“垃圾”。分析句子结构和意思可知，此处name作为后置定语，修饰名词resident，之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式。故填named。30．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Theministrywillmakecontinuousefforts(increase)theproportionofgreenbuildings,raisebuildingenergyefficiencystandardsandpopularizebuildingswithextralowenergyconsumptioninregionswithsuitableclimateconditions.【答案】toincrease【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：环保部将继续努力提高绿色建筑的比例，提高建筑能效标准，并在气候条件适宜的地区推广超低能耗建筑。分析句子结构和句意可知，设空处应用不定式，在句中作目的状语。故填toincrease。二、书面表达1．（2024·江苏徐州·模拟预测）阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。OnApril8,MikeKrugman,74,hadlethisdogRileyoutforapredinnerwalkonhis36acreproperty.Krugmangotitskibble(狗粮)ready,waitingforit.SometimesRileylikedtogodowntothebarnandbarkedatthehorses.WhenKrugmanwenttothebarnandcouldn’tfindthedog,hebecameconcernedanddecidedtotakearidearoundthepropertyonhisATV.Thefivefootfencethatsurroundshispropertywasburiedinsnow,leavingKrugmantowonderwhetherRileyclimbedonthesnowandwalkedoverthetopofthefence.TherewasanotherpossibilityKrugmanwasworriedabout.KrugmanthoughtthatmaybeRileyhadgonelookingforRose,hiswife,whohaddiedofaheartconditioninJanuary.SheandRiley,whowouldsleeponherpilloweverynight,wereextremelyclose.“ThenwhenRosepassedaway,ithidbehindthebedforseveraldays,”Krugmansaid.“Youcouldtellitreallymissedher.”AfterRileywentmissing,Krugmanbegantolookforit.HetriedtofindRiley’stracksinthesnowbutfailed.ZachHackett,onMay14,wasup12,000feethikingonamountaininColoradowhenhethoughtheheardafaintyipfromadog.Ashewalkedthroughaclearing,hesawit:ablackandwhiteShetlandsheepdog,visiblyshiveringbehindsomefallenpinetrees.“Heybuddy,”hecalledout,thenwhistled,“ehere!Doyouwantatreat?”Thedogletoutapitifulgroanwithpain,gettingstuckundertangled(乱糟糟的)branches.Hewasalittlestartled,becausedogsshouldn’thavebeenuptheresohigh.Hackettrealizedthedogwastooweaktomove.Itwasfreezingcold.Thedoglookedlikeitwasneardeath.Hackettbelievedwhathe’dheardwasthedog’slastcryforhelp,andthatifhehadn’tealongthedogwouldhavediedthere.Hetriedtocall911forhelpbuttherewasnosignal.Heknewhewasgoingtohavetocarryhimdownthemountain.注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Hetookactionimmediately.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hackettdialedthetelephonenumberonthetagaroundthedog’sneck.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】【Onepossibleversion】Hetookactionimmediately.Carefullyliftingthedogintohisarms,Hackettfeltitsbonesthroughitsthinfur.Thedogwhinedsoftly,butdidn’tresist.Hackettbeganthearduousjourneydownthemountain.Everystepwasdeliberate,mindfuloftherockygroundandthedog’sfragilestate.Hespokesoothinglytothedog,hopinghisvoicewouldprovidesomefort.Hourslater,theyfinallyarrivedatananimalhospitalwhereRileyreceivedimmediatetreatment.Hackettstayedbyitssideandnoticedatagpeekingoutofthefur.Hackettdialedthetelephonenumberonthetagaroundthedog’sneck.Awearyvoiceanswered.Onthephone,HacketttoldthemanhefoundaShetlandsheepdogindistressupinthemountains.Thetagofthedoghadthetelephonenumberonit.ThemanontheotherendgaspedinamazementandaskedforHackett’slocation.ThenitwasnotlongbeforeMikeKrugman,overwhelmedwithgratitude,wasreunitedwithRiley.“Mr.Hackett,you’vebroughtbackapartofourfamily.”Krugman’svoicechoked.Rileybarkedhappily,hiseyesbrightoncemore,readytoreturnhomeandcontinuehiswalksaroundtheproperty,thistimeunderKrugman’swatchfuleye.【导语】本文主要以寻找Riley为线索。文章讲述了主人公Krugman4月8日让他的狗Riley在他36英亩的土地上散步，之后准备喂他的狗时，发现狗失踪了。于是主人公开始进行各种猜测并四处寻找Riley，但是找不到。5月14日，一个名叫Hackett的人在一座海拔1.2万英尺的山上徒步旅行时发现了这只黑白相间的设得兰牧羊犬，在一些倒下的松树后面瑟瑟发抖，非常虚弱。Hackett拨打911但是没有信号，于是决定把它带下山。【详解】1.段落续写：①由第一段首句内容“他立即采取了行动。”可知，第一段可描写Hackett带着狗下山的艰难过程。②由第二段首句内容“Hackett拨打了狗脖子上标签上的号码。”可知，第二段可描写Hackett联系到了Krugman，Krugman和他的狗Riley团聚了，并感谢了Hackett。2.续写线索：采取行动——安抚——带下山——治疗——联系Krugman——团聚——感谢3.词汇激活行为类①到达：arriveat/getto/reach②注意：notice/takenoteof/takenoticeof③回家：returnhome/gobackhome情绪类①感激：gratitude/appreciation/thankfulness②吃惊：inamazement/insurprise/amazingly/surprisingly【点睛】[高分句型1]Hourslater,theyfinallyarrivedatananimalhospitalwhereRileyreceivedimmediatetreatment.（运用了由where引导的定语从句）[高分句型2]ThenitwasnotlongbeforeMikeKrugman,overwhelmedwithgratitude,wasreunitedwithRiley.（由before引导的时间状语从句）2．（2024·山东菏泽·模拟预测）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。InthemunityofBelfast,Mainelivedanoldlady,MarinaDelune,67,whohadacutedognamedRuth.ThebrighteyedWestHighlandWhiteTerrier(梗犬)jumpedoutofherowner’scaronTuesdayandranofffromherBelfasthome.Asapersonwithmultipledisabilities,Marinacouldn’tdomuchsearchingherself.SoshepostedapieceofinformationonaBelfastFacebookpagethatsheneededhelplookingforherlostdog.Sheexpectedonlyafewpeoplewouldrespond.However,theresponsethatshegotwasbeyondherexpectation.“Itwasextraordinary.Icouldn’tevenkeepupwith