2022版高中北师大版英语一轮课时提升作业选修8Unit23 Conflict

二十三选修8Unit23Conflict

巩固题组—■（限时35分仲）

I阅读理解

A

ARussianspacecrafttravelingtotheInternationalSpaceStationon

Thursdayhadtomakeanemergencylandingwhenarocketenginefailed

tofire.ItwasthelatestinarecentseriesoffailuresfortheRussianspace

program,whichisalsousedbytheU.S.tocarryitsastronautstothe

station.

UnitedStatesastronautNickHagueandRussianastronautAlexei

Ovchininlandedsafelyabout20kilometersfromDzhezkazganin

Kazakhstan.Thecityisabout450kilometersfromtheRussia'sBaikonur

spacecenter,whichRussiaoperatesthroughanagreementwiththe

RepublicofKazakhstan.

BoththeU.S.spaceagencyNASAandRussia'sRoscosmosreported

thatthetwowerequicklyrecoveredfromthelandingareabyrescuecrews.

AspokesmanforRussianPresidentVladimirPutinsaid,“Thankgoodness

thecrewisalive“aftertheyhadlandedsafely.

Abouttwominutesafterlaunching,thethree-stageSoyuzbooster

rocketsufferedanunspecifiedfailureofitssecondstage.Russia'sTASS

newsagencysaidthecapsulecarryingthetwomenseparatedfromthe

troubledrocketsafely.Thiscausedthecapsuletodropverysharplyinto

theEarth'satmosphere.Parachutes（降落伞）helpedslowthereturning

capsule.Searchandrescueteamsweresenttorecoverthecrew.

Russia'sRIAnewsagencyreportedthatRussiahasimmediatelyput

offallmannedspacelaunchesafterthefailure.RoscosmosheadDmitry

Rogozinsaidhehadorderedastatecommissiontocarryoutan

investigationintowhatwentwrong.HesaidRussiawillshareallrelevant

informationwiththeU.S.

TheTASSnewsagencysaidthattheISScrewhasenoughsuppliesand

thatthefailedlaunchwillnotaffectoperations.

TheU.S.andothernationshavedependedonRussiatocarry

astronautstotheISSsincetheretirementoftheSpaceShuttleprogramin

2011.Incomingyears,AmericanaerospacecompaniesSpaceX,withits

Dragon2,andBoeing,withitsStarliner,areexpectedtoreturntospace.

【文章大意】本文属于新闻，讲述运送宇航员到国际空间站的一枚俄

罗斯火箭由于发动机故障紧急降落，所幸无人死亡。

1.Whatcausedthefailureofthelaunch?

A.Theproblemoftheengine.

B.Theterribleweather.

C.Thedropofthecapsule.

D.Thewrongoperation.

选A。细节理解题。根据第四段中的Abouttwominutesafterlaunching,

thethree-stageSoyuzboosterrocketsufferedanunspecifiedfailureofits

secondstage,可知，发射两分钟之后，三级火箭发动机遇到不明故障,

导致发射失败，故选A。

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthelaunch?

A.ThecapsulelandedsafelyinDzhezkazgan,Russia.

B.Russiahadneverfailedinthespacelaunchbeforethisfailure.

C.Thefailedlaunchwillhaveaseriouseffectontheoperations.

D.AtfirstthecapsuledroppedveryrapidlyintotheEarth'satmosphere.

选Do推理判断题。根据第四段中的Thiscausedthecapsuletodropvery

sharplyintotheEarth'satmosphere.Parachuteshelpedslowthereturning

capsule.可知，太空舱迅速掉入地球大气层，降落伞减缓了太空舱的降

落速度，故选Do

3.Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?

A.SpaceXissuretogobacktospacesoon.

B.AmericacarriedastronautstotheISSbyitselfbefore2011.

C.NowonlyRussiacancarryastronautstospace.

D.TheISScrewlivesaverygoodlifeinthespacestation.

选Bo推理判断题。根据最后一段中的TheU.S.andothernationshave

dependedonRussiatocarryastronautstotheISSsincetheretirementof

theSpaceShuttleprogramin2011.可知，自从2011年美国航天飞机退

役，美国以及其他国家必须依靠俄罗斯火箭运送宇航员到国际空间站，

故可以得知，2011年以前，美国利用自己的航天飞机运送宇航员，故选

Bo

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheRescueofTwoAstronauts

B.TheLaunchofRussianSpacecraft

C.CooperationbetweenRussiaandAmerica

D.EmergencyLandinginFailedSpaceLaunch

选Do主旨大意题。本文属于新闻，根据新闻特点，第一段第一句A

RussianspacecrafttravelingtotheInternationalSpaceStationonThursday

hadtomakeanemergencylandingwhenarocketenginefailedtofire.为

本文的主旨句，讲述运送宇航员到国际空间站的一枚俄罗斯火箭由于

发动机故障紧急降落，故选D。

B

（2021・开封模拟）

TheLittleBabyFaceFoundation（LBFF）isaNYC-basednonprofit

organizationwithagreatdealofcontroversy.Foundedin2002,it

providesfreeplasticsurgeryforchildrenbornwithfacialdeformities（畸形）.

Manyteenagerswhohavebeenteasedfortheirlooksarenowapplyingto

havetheirproblemareas"fixed"byLBFF.

Nadia,one14-year-oldteenager,hadherfacegreatlychangedin

Junewhenshewentundertheknife.Herclassmateshadbeenconstantly

makingfunofherappearance."TheysaidIhavethebiggestearsthat

they'veeverseen.Theycalledmeelephantears,"Nadiasaid.Those

commentshurtheralot.Sheevenconsideredhowtoendherownlife.

ButNadiatriedtokeepthebullyingasecretfromhermother,Lynda.

Hermotherwasalreadydealingwithmountingmedicalbillsforher

9-year-oldson,Josh,whohadaseriousbraindisease.Whenher

motherdidfinallyfindoutaboutthebullying,shewasheartbroken.

Nadiadecidedtoendherbullyingproblemswithplasticsurgery.Then

hermotherturnedtotheLBFF,whichacceptedNadia'sapplication.The

surgerieswereverypainfulandittookmonthsforherfacetoheal,but

shedidmanagetoreturntoschoolwithanewface,afaceshewas

finallyproudof.

Nadia/ssurgerymayhavehelpedherovercomeheremotionalpain,

butshouldteenagersgotothoseextremesjustbecausetheyarebeing

bullied?

Expertswarnifthedeformitiesarenotreallyaproblemtothechild,

plasticsurgeryisnottheanswer!Infact,whenateendecidestoget

plasticsurgerybecauseheorsheisbeingbullied,itcansendthewrong

message.Bysurgicallychangingthevictimofabully,itisasifyou

supportthebullyingandagreethevictimisinfactworthyofallthose

namesheorshehasbeencalled.Itislikesayingtoteenagers:"Yes,

thereissomethingwrongwithyou,andyoushouldgetitfixed!"

【文章大意】文章围绕女生Nadia的故事讨论了一个有争议的问题:

整形手术是否是解决校园欺凌问题的办法呢？

5.WhatdidNadiathinkofherschoollifeinthepast?

A.Busy.B.Exciting.

C.Miserable.D.Ordinary.

选C。推理判断题。由第二段中的Herclassmateshadbeenconstantly

makingfunofherappearance及Thosecommentshurtheralot.She

evenconsideredhowtoendherownlife可知，过去的校园生活对

Nadia来说非常痛苦。

6.WhydidNadiakeepthesecretfromhermother?

A.Hermotherhadheartdisease.

B.Shedidn'twanttoburdenher.

C.Hermotherwasafraidofbeingbullied.

D.Shedidn'tknowhowtoshareitwithher.

选B。推理判断题。由第三段中的Hermotherwasalreadydealingwith

mountingmedicalbillsforher9-year-oldson,Josh,whohadaserious

braindisease可知，Nadia没把受欺凌的事告诉妈妈是因为怕给妈妈

增加负担。

7.Whydoestheauthorsayplasticsurgerycansendthewrongmessage?

A.Itmayletbulliesfeeltheyareright.

B.Itmaybecomepopularamongteens.

C.ItmaydamagethenameoftheLBFF.

D.Itmaychangevictimsintobullies.

选A。细节理解题。由最后一段中的Bysurgicallychangingthevictimof

abully,itisasifyousupportthebullyingandagreethevictimisinfact

worthyofallthosenamesheorshehasbeencalled可知，作者认为整形

手术可能会让欺凌者认为他们是对的。

8.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Whymanyteenagersarebeingteased?

B.Isplasticsurgerytheanswertobullying?

C.Whysurgeryhelpsovercomeemotionalpain?

D.Shouldwepaymoreattentiontoappearance?

选Bo标题归纳题。本文围绕面部畸形的女生Nadia做整形手术的故

事，讨论了一个有争议的问题：整形手术是否是解决校园欺凌问题的

办法，故B项作标题能更好地概括全文主旨。

口.阅读填句

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Fourwaystobeagreatroommate

Havingaroommatecanbeoneofthebestexperiencesinaboarding

schoolor,easily,oneoftheworst.1Followthesetipstoavoid

thecommonmistakesthatturngoodroommaterelationshipssour.

Talkthingsout.

Communicationiskey.Ifsomethinghappens,sitdownwithyour

roommateandhaveaface-to-faceconversation.I'veseenroommate

relationshipsfallapartbecausesomethinghappensand,insteadof

talkingtoeachother;thetwostartcomplainingabouttheirroommates

behindtheirbacks.2

Don'texpecttobebestfriends.

Someroommatesbecomethebestoffriends,andsomedon't.

Don/tputpressureonyourselforyourroommate,especiallywhenyou

firstmeet.3Andifyourroommatedoesn'tendupbeingyourbest

friend,don'tworry.

Askbeforeyoutake.

Thisappliestofood,clothesandanythingelse.Ifyouwanttokeep

arelationshipgoing,showyourroommatethatyouhaverespectfor

whatishisorhersbyaskingfirst.4

Cleanupafteryourself.

Thisshouldgowithoutsaying.Don'tbelazy.Or;atleast,don't

buryyourroommateinyourclothesandgarbage.MostpeopleI'vecome

acrossinaboardingschoolaremessy.5Butbeingconsideratewith

whereyouputyourstuffwillhelpyouavoidconflict.

A.Soyouneedtothinktwicebeforeyouhelpyourroommateout.

B.Thiscreatesnothingbutawkwardsituationsandunhappiness.

C.Evenifyoubothagreetoshareeverything,youshouldstillask.

D.Youdon'thavetocleanyourroomandkeepitorganizedallthetime.

E.Itallstartswithyoutohaveagoodrelationshipwithyourroommate.

F.Sometimesyougetstuckwithsomeonewhohastonsofnegative。肖极

的)energy.

G.Remember,you'retryingtomakeanewfriend,nottofrightenyour

roommateaway.

【文章大意】成为好室友的四种方法。

1.选E。根据第一句可知，与室友保持良好的关系是从你开始的。故选

Eo

2.选Bo才艮据thetwostartcomplainingabouttheirroommatesbehind

theirbacks两人开始在背后抱怨室友，可知选B,抱怨只会造成尴尬和

不快。

3.选G。上句提到初次见面，所以记住，你是想交个新朋友，而不是吓

跑你的室友。故选G。

4.选C。根据上句你要尊重他或她的东西，首先要问。故选C。

5.选D。上句提到〃messy",所以你不必一直打扫你的房间，让它井井

有条。故选Do

印.语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正

确形式。

Inrecentyears,self-drivetourism(自驾车旅游)hasbecome

people's1.(prefer)intravellingduringholidays.Thereasons

whymoreandmorepeoplechooseit2.(be)asfollows.Firstly,

thetraditionalChinesefestivals,suchastheMid-AutumnFestival,3.

(set)asofficialholidays,4.providespeoplewith

morechancestotraveltogetherwiththeirfamilyandfriends.5.

(second),therapiddevelopmentofroadconstructionandthe

6.(increase)numberofpeopleowningprivatecarsmake

self-drivetourismboom(繁荣).Thirdly,7.(compare)with

traditionaltourism,travellingbyself-drivingenablespeopletogetcloser

tonatureand8.(give)themmorefreedominthetour.

Sincepeoplehavetodriveallthewayduringthetour;theyhaveto

payspecialattention9.thesafetyproblemandavoid10.

(drive)whenexhausted.

考查派生词。所填词在句中作表语，前面有故

1.preferenceopeople's,

填名词preference©

2.are。考查主谓一致。主语是复数形式，故填are。

3.areseto考查动词时态和语态。festivals与set之间为被动关系，且描

述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。

4.whicho考查定语从句。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句

话的内容。

5.Secondlyo考查副词。本空填Secondly"第二〃，与前面的Firstly"首先〃

呼应。

6.increasingo考查形容词。所填词在句中作定语修饰名词number,

increasing'"日益增多的”。

7.comparedo考查非谓语动词。compare与其逻辑主语travelingby

self-driving之间为被动关系，故用过去分词comparedo

8.giveso考查时态。该空所填词与enables并列作谓语，应填gives。

9.too考查固定搭配。payattentionto"注意〃。

10.drivingo考查非谓语动词。根据avoiddoingsth."避免做某事”的用

法可知该空填drivingo

提升题组---"（限时35分件）

I.阅读理解

Forsomepeople,walkingorrunningoutdoorsisagreatwaytowork

out.Whatmaynotbesopleasantisseeingtrashallovertheground.Well,

somepeoplearedoingsomethingaboutit.Theyareplogging!

plogging

“Plogging"beganinSweden.ThenamecombinestheSwedishword

“plocka”,whichmeanstopickup,andtheword“jogging”,whichmeans

torunslowly.ASwedishmannamedErik,startedthemovementin2016.

OntheWorldEnvironmentDaywebsite,Eriksaysthathemovedto

StockholmfromasmallcommunityinnorthernSwedenandeachdayhe

wouldridehisbiketowork.Concernedabouttheamountoftrashand

litterhesaweachdayonhiswaytowork,hetookmattersintohisown

hands.

Plogging,bythatterm,mayhaveofficiallybeguninSweden.But

manypeoplewhoexerciseoutdoorshavebeendoingthisforyears.Take

JeffHorowitzforexample.HeisapersonaltrainerinWashington,D.C.He

oftenpicksuptrashwhilerunningoutside.Heevenhasturneditintoa

game;hewilltrytopickupthetrashwithoutstopping.z/ldidn'tknowit

wasathingreally.Thisisjustmypersonalethics（道德标准），whereIgo

forarunandifIhappentoseeapieceofgarbagelyingaroundandit's

withinreach—itisakindofalittletestformetoseeifIcangrabitand

throwitinaneartrashcanwithoutstopping.Andthatway,Ithink,it

givesmealittleexerciseandalittlefocusformyrun.Andithelpscleanup

theneighborhood,wheannounced.

Today,ploggingisanofficialactivity,onethatisbecoming

increasinglypopular.Citiesaroundtheworldnowholdploggingevents,

"\wouldjusthopepeoplewouldthinktwicebeforedroppingagarbageon

theground.Wehavecontainers...seemsoneveryblock.So,it'seasyto

putyourgarbageinthetrashcans.Ijustthinkpeopleshouldthinkaboutit

alittlebitmore.Idohopeonedaytherewillnotbeaneedforplogging."

saidaninterviewee.

【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。Plogging拾荒慢跑是全球正在流行的健

身方式，不仅让你的锻炼更高效，而且有助于美化身边的环境，保持环

境清洁。

1.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase"tookmatters

intohisownhands”?

A.calledonpeopletojoinhim

B.appealedtopeopletogogreen

C.begantopickupthetrash

D.hadthecollectedtrashrecycled

选Co推理判断题。根据上文Concernedabouttheamountoftrashand

litterhesaweachdayonhiswaytowork可知，上班路上那些大量的垃

圾让他感到担心，因此可推测下文应该是他开始捡这些垃圾。故划线部

分的意思为〃开始捡垃圾〃。故选C。

2.LikeJeffHorowitz,ploggingtomanypeoplehasbecomea(n)

act.

A.automaticB.irresistible

C.arbitraryD.temporary

选A。推理判断题。根据第三段Thisisjustmypersonalethics可知，Jeff

Horowitz拾荒慢跑只是出于个人的道德标准，即是自发性的，因此可推

理，和JeffHorowitz一样，拾荒慢跑对于很多人来说已经成为了一种自

发行为。故选A。

3.Whatistheideathatploggingeventsaremeanttopromote?

A.Joggingistrulybeneficial.

B.Trashcansshouldbewithinreach.

C.Litteringisnotacceptable.

D.Communitiesshouldbekeptclean.

选Co细节理解题。根据最后一段Iwouldjusthopepeoplewouldthink

twicebeforedroppingagarbageontheground可知，举力、这些活动的目

的是希望人们在往地上扔垃圾前三思。即拾荒慢跑旨在推广乱丢垃圾

是不可接受的这一观念，故选C。

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.NewExerciseEnjoysUnbelievablePopularity

B.NewExerciseTrendAlsoHelpsEnvironment

C.Plogging—AFashionableWaytoClearWaste

D.Plogging—AnExerciseOriginatinginSweden

选B。主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句Today,ploggingisanofficial

activity,onethatisbecomingincreasinglypopular可次口，4口今,拾荒慢3包

已成为一项官方活动，而且越来越受欢迎。结合文章主要内容可知，拾

荒慢跑这种新的运动趋势不仅能使锻炼更高效，同时有助于保护环境。

故选Bo

n.完形填空

It'salwaysbeenadreamforAlextotakeatripwithhermother;butit

wasadeathinthefamilythat1madethembothrealizehow

preciouslifereallyis.

“Afterlosingmygrandma,I2thatneitherInormymumwill

3behere,andthatIcan't4therighttimetocome,“the

27-year-oldgirltoldTheHuffingtonPost.

“Afteraweekof5,myamazingmumandIareofftotravel

aroundtheUnitedStates.WewillbetravellingfromNewYorktoLos

Angelesinterviewing6whoarechangingtheworldforthebetter

and7thedreamIhadforaverylongtime:totraveltogetherwith

mymother.Ihavetakenamonthoffworkandweareonourway.8

arewaiting!〃Alexsaid.

SoinAugust,Alexandher63-year-oldretiredmother,Halina,traveled

totheUnitedStatesforathree-week9thattookthemfromcoastto

coast.

Alexisthe10ofLookingForHeroes,asocialmediaproject,in

whichshephotographsmanyoftheinterestingpeopleshemeetswith,

11uniquetidbits（花边新闻）oftheirlifestoriesatthesametime.The

12motheranddaughtertraveledacrossthenation,visitingcities13

Knoxville,Tennessee,NewYorkCity,LosAngelesandWashington.Along

thewaytheytookphotos14famousbackdrops（背景）ineachcity,

makingsome15memories.

Meanwhile,Alex16muchfromhermother.Hermotheroften

said〃My17toyoungpeoplewouldbetolearnnewthings,and

whatyouhavelearnedwillbeyourbiggest18inlife.Withageyou

stop19aboutthingsthatdon'tmatter.Withyourpriorities（优先）

changing,20andhealthbecomethemostimportant.

【文章大意】Alex是LookingForHeroes的编辑，和妈妈一起去美国旅

游采访，一路上她们以每个城市的著名景点为背景拍照，留下了难忘

的记忆。她妈妈对年轻人的建议是要学习新事物，你所学到的将是你一

生中最大的财富。

1.A.finallyB.simplyC.mildlyD.secretly

选Ao一名家庭成员的去世最终(finally)让她们俩都意识到生命真的很

宝贵。

2.A.promisedB.realized

C.guessedD.hoped

选B。这里表示Alex在祖母去世之后的感悟。

3.A.thusB.evenC.everD.forever

选D。失去祖母之后，我意识到我和我妈妈都不会永远(forever)在这里。

4.A.thinkofB.putaside

C.waitforD.giveaway

选C。waitfor等待。此处表示我们不能等着这个时候的到来。

5.A.preparationB.work

C.considerationD.rest

选A。根据句意可知是准备了一周之后。preparation准备，符合语境。

6.A.friendsB.relatives

C.reportersD.influencers

选D。influencers影响者。我们将从纽约到洛杉矶采访那些让世界变得

更好的影响者。

7.A.connectingB.describing

C.achievingD.imagining

选Coachieve实现，取得。achieveone's/thedream实现某人的梦想，是

固定搭配。

8.A.TroublesB.DreamsC.ResultsD.Dangers

选B。根据前文可知，和妈妈一起去旅行的梦想正等着我们。故选B。

9.A.adventureB.campaign

C.businessD.gathering

选A。adventure冒险。句意：Alex和她63岁的妈妈到美国旅行，进行

了三周的冒险。

10.A.actressB.modelC.editorD.student

选Co根据后文可知Alex是LookingForHeroes的编辑(editor)。

11.A.inventingB.sharing

C.preparingD.hearing

选B。句意：Alex是LookingForHeroes的编辑，她拍摄遇到的有趣的人,

同时分享(share)他们生活故事中的独家花边新闻。故选B。

12.A.frightenedB.amused

C.astonishedD.excited

选D。根据下文可知妈妈感到兴奋(excited)。

13.A.includingB.arranging

C.containingD.expecting

选Ao此处表示游览的城市包括(including)Knoxville,Tennessee,NewYork

后口故选。

City,LosAngelesWashingtonoA

14.A.intoB.aboveC.againstD.from

选C。句意：一路上她们以每个城市的著名景点为背景拍照，留下难忘

的记忆。against以...为背景，故选C。

15.A.unbelievableB.unforgettable

C.unbearableD.unthinkable

选Bounforgettable难忘的。此处表示她们通过拍照片留下难忘的记忆。

16.A.receivedB.saved

C.separatedD.learned

选D。句意：与此同时,Alex从她妈妈那里学到了很多。故选D。

17.A.positionB.example

C.adviceD.experience

选C。根据下文中的"tolearnnewthings.可知，此处表示建议。

18.A.goalB.wealthC.successD.change

选B。句意：我对年轻人的建议是要学习新事物，你所学到的将是你一

生中最大的财富(wealth)。

19.A.talkingB.bringingC.settingD.worrying

选D。随着年龄的增长，你会不再担忧(worry)不重要的事情。故选D。

20.A.familyB.identityC.beautyD.job

选A。此处表示随着你对待事物优先次序的改变，家庭(family)和健康会

变成最重要的。

m.短文改错(2021・广州模拟)

Lastweek,Iquarrelwithmyparentsaboutspendingtoomuchtime

onmycellphone.Ifeltexhaustingthatday,andbecameveryangryeven

thoughtheytalkedtomeinafriendway.

Inowfeelashamedandamwritingwiththisarticletoapologise.

TherearepeopleintheworldIvalue,suchasteacherandfriends.Also,

themostpreciouspeopletomeismyparents.Itisthemwhoraisedme

andgavemehappylife.IwantthemtoknowthatI'mdeepsorryandwill

trytobeagoodpersonandmakethemproud.

答案：

Lastweek,Iquarrelwithmyparentsabout

(juarrclcd

spendingtoomuchtimeonmycellphone.Ifell

exhaustingthatday,andbecameveryangryeven

exhausted

lhoughtheytalkedtomeinafriendway.

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