专题08 主谓一致典型用法归纳（讲案） 原卷版

高考一轮复习知识清单专题08主谓一致典型用法归纳（讲案）原卷版（快问快答+思维导图+精讲精练+真题分类+作文升格+原创语填）目录一、状语从句快问快答P1二、状语从句思维导图P2考点清单一：语法一致八种典型用法P2考点清单二、就远一致典型用法P4考点清单三、意义一致五种典型用法(表解)P4考点清单四、就近一致两种典型用法P5分层训练（一）单句填空（高考真题）P6分层训练（二）单句填空（模拟试题）P6分层训练（三）单句改错（高考真题）P7分层训练（四）主谓一致助力应用文写作P7分层训练（五）语法填空P8（一）主谓一致语篇填空（20空）P8（二）主谓一致语篇填空（10空）P8一、主谓一致快问快答Q1：什么叫主谓一致？A1：顾名思义，主谓一致就是句子的谓语动词需要在人称和数方面与句子主语保持一致。Q2：主谓一致分哪九大类型？A2：根据功能，分就远一致、就近一致、意义一致和语法一致等。Q3：学习主谓一致难点在哪里？A3：一是判断主谓一致属于哪种场合，二是在语法填空和写作中正确运用主谓一致。Q4：学好主谓一致有什么意义？A4：一能做好语法填空试题，二能在书面表达巧妙运用主谓一致提升句子表达效果。Q5：如何才能学好主谓一致？A5：一是努力掌握主谓一致基本知识框架，二是加强训练和背诵，积少成多，见多识广。二、主谓一致考点思维导图考点清单一：语法一致八种典型用法要点精讲1：不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。Whyhewasabsentfromthemeetingyesterdayisbeingquestioned.Planningsofaraheadmakesnosense----somanythingswillhavechangedbynextyear.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory______________(not,decide)yet.2.Whatweneed_______(be)enoughwater,butwhattheyneed_______(be)houses.3.(2006天津)Whatweusedtothink_______(be)impossiblenowdoesseempossible.4.(2010湖南)Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts___________(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagers.要点精讲2：分数,百分数,some,all,most,therest等修饰名词时,谓语动词与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。Mostofhisincomehasbeenspentonbooks.Whatisthepopulationofyourcountry?Seventypercentofthepopulationinthatcountryarestillinpoverty.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。5.40%ofthepopulationinthatcountry________(be)young,andtwothirdsofthem_________(not)knowhowtoreadandwrite.6.(2006浙江)Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third__________(use)regularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.7.(2011湖南)One-thirdofthecountry__________(cover)withtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens_______(be)blackpeople.要点精讲3：and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each,

every,

或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。Acartandhorsewasseeninthedirectionofthetown.Manyaboyandmanyagirlhasmadethesamemistakeinthemathexam.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。8.Butterandbread________(be)theirdailyfood,butthebreadandthebutter__________(eat)upsofar.9.Earlytobedandearlytorise__________(make)amanhealthy,happyandwise.10.In

our

country

every

boy

and

every

girl

________(have)the

right

to

receiveeducation.

11.(2006江苏)Apoetandartist_______(be)comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteraturethisafternoon.要点精讲4：alargequantity/amountof…作主语，谓语动词用单数；largequantities/amountsof…作主语，谓语动词用复数。Alargeamountofmoneyisspentonadvertisementseveryyear.Largeamountsofspecialfuelareneededtolauncharocketintospace.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。12.(2005山东)Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofearth________(wash)awayeachyear.13.(2009福建)---Whydoesthelakesmellterrible?---Becauselargequantitiesofwater__________(pollute).要点精讲5：thenumberof…表示“……的数量”，谓语用单数；anumberof表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。ThenumberofthestudentsinClass7is65.Andanumberofthemarekeenonreading.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。14.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______(be)fifty,butanumberofthem_______(be)absentfordifferentreasons.15.(2006全国II)Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads__________(keep)risingthesedays.要点精讲6：oneof…后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；theonlyoneof后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。Johnsonisoneofthefarmerswholiveinthevalley.Johnsonistheonlyoneofthefarmerswholivesinthevalley.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。16.(2010全国II)Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________(wear)eveningdress.17.Tommywasoneofthedoctorswho________(be)devotedtosavingpeople’slivesinWuHan.要点精讲7：all,both,each,every,either,neither,none等代词作主语，视意思而定。EachstudentinClass29hasatleastthreedictionaries.Thestudentseachhaveatleastthreedictionaries.Allofthemoneywasgiventothepoorvillagerslastmonth.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。18.Thesummerholidayiscomingandweeach______(be)readyforthepicnicinthepastweeks.19."All_______(be)presentandall_______(be)goingonwell,"ourheadteachersaid.20.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______________(build)atpresentinthedisasterarea.21.(2008陕西)–Didyougototheshowlastnight?–Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea___________(invite).22.(2012湖南)Allthescientificevidence_____(show)thatincreasinguseofchemicalsinfarming_______(be)damagingourhealth.要点精讲8：在Itis…that…强调句型中也应考虑主谓一致。ItwasJimthatwaspraisedbytheheadmasterthismorning.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。23.ItisI,who_______(be)yourteacher,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.24.Itiscuttingdownoftreesthat________(destroy)thehabitatsofanimals.25.It_______(be)MikeandMarywhohelpedtheoldmanseveraldaysago.考点清单二、就远一致典型用法要点精讲：主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，alongwith，togetherwith,aswellas,ratherthan,including,like,but,except，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtomyforty-ninthbirthdaypartylastFriday.Alice,togetherwithherfriends,waspraisedforhavingwonhonorfortheirschool.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.(2019江苏)Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers______________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.2.(2019天津)Amy,aswellasherbrothers,_________(give)awelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3.(2017天津)Nowadays,cycling,alongwithjoggingandswimming,_____________(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.4.NoonebutJohnandhisteachers_________(know)thetruthoftheexperiment.考点清单三、意义一致五种典型用法用法标志词示例family等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数family,class,committee,team,group,crew,audienceThefootballteamismadeupof23members.足球队有23名队员组成。Thefootballteamaretrainingontheplayground.足球队正在运动场训练。某些集体名词如people谓语动词必须用复数people,police,cattle,oxenThepolicearesearchingtheforestfortheescapedprisoners.警察正在寻找逃逸囚犯。TheChinesepeoplearehard-workingandbrave.中国人勤劳勇敢。单复数同形的名词如sheep等作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。sheep,deer,works,means,species,Chinese,JapaneseSuchachemicalworksistobeclosednextyear.这样一家化工厂将于明年关闭。Thisspecieshasnearlydiedoutbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.由于栖息地遭到破坏，这个物种几乎灭绝了。the+形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。rich,thepoor,thebrave,theinjured,theliving,thewoundedTherichofthedistrictareresponsible.这个地区的富人有责任。Thebeautifulisthetrue.美就是真。名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动词常用单数24years,NewYorkTimesEighthoursofsleepisenoughforachild.八个小时的睡眠对一个孩子来说已经足够了。TheUnitedNationswasfoundedonOctober24,1945.联合国成立于1945年10月24日。【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Herfamily_________(be)largerthanmineandherfamily__________(watch)TVnow.2.Afterhearinghisinspiringspeech,theaudience_____________(move)byhisstoryandhiswords.3.Thecommittee_________(make)upof20members,who_________(be)allexpertsinmedicine.4.Thepolice_____________(search)forthemurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.5.Everypossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.6.Allpossiblemeans____________(try)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.7.Theelderly_____________(take)

goodcareofinourcountryatpresent.8.Threeyears___________(pass)sincetheymetlasttime,andforthem,threeyears_____(be)reallyalongtime.9.(2017江苏)ThepublicationofGreatExpectations,which___________(be)bothwidelyreviewedandhighlypraised,strengthenedDickens,statusasaleadingnovelist.10.Thebeautiful_______(be)notalwaysuseful,whiletheyoung_______(be)alwaysstrivingforsomethinguseless.考点清单四、就近一致两种典型用法要点精讲1：并列连词either…or…,neither…nor…,not…but,notonly…butalso…等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。Isneitherhenoryoutellingthetruth?Notonlyyoubutalsosheistoblameforthetrafficaccident.Neithertheleadernorthefarmersareresponsiblefortheheavylosses.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.NotonlyJimbutalsohisparents_______(be)fondofplayingbasketball.2.Bothyouandhe_____(be)tohosttheTalentShowinourschoolthisyear?3.(2009湖南)Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents_______(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要点精讲2：Therebe句型及Thefollowing句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。Thereisapencilandtwodictionariesonthedesk.Therearetwodictionariesandapencilonthedesk.Thefollowingistheinformationaboutplayswhichwillbeonthesedays.

【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。4.Thefollowing_______(be)someotherexamplesforyoutoreferto. 5.There_______(be)millionsofwebsitesontheInternetandthere_______(be)alotofusefulinformationonthewebsites.6.Inthe1980s,buriedinthesands________(be)anancientvillage,likeatimecapsule.分层训练（一）高考真题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.(2022新高考II)Henry____________(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.2.(2021北京)Asit____________(connect)things,yourbrainturnsthemintoastory,andyougetadream.3.(2021天津)Currently,about35,000works____________(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.4.(2020江苏)Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolutionthat_______(suit)everyone.5.(2020天津)Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand__________(remain)aroundthatlevelsince.6.(2020全国II)Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers__________(carry)specialsignificance.7.(2019全国Ⅰ)Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six

_____

(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.

8.(2019全国II)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI

_______

(make)overtheyears.9.(2019全国III)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we

__________

(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars.

10.(2017全国Ⅰ)Whenfatandsalt__________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.分层训练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11.Here_______(be)apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.12.Nowmorethanonemember_______(be)againsttheplan.13.Thiskindofcartoons_______(sell)wellinthebookstorewhilecartoonsofthatkind___________badly(sell).14.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,_______(be)tobebuilthere.E-mail,aswellastelephones,________(be)playinganimportantpartindailycommunication.16.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren_______(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.17.---Eachofthestudentsworkinghardattheirlessons

__________(read)thebook.---SohaveI.

18.Thenumberofthestudentswho________(possess)cellphones________(be)increasingrapidly,whichaffectsthenormalteachingbadly.19.Generally,students’innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers______(be)essentialtotheirdevelopment.20.Sofaraseriesofproblems_____________(bring)aboutbythisdecision.分层训练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21.（2023全国甲卷）Intheevening,whenItakeawalkintheschoolgarden,thesingingofinsectsbecomemoremeaningfultome.22.Kate,oneofmyclosefriends,comefromGuangzhou.23.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishforaholiday.24.Thewriterandtranslatoraredeliveringaspeechinourschoolnow.25.Asaresultoftheseriousflood,two-thirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedsrepairing.26.Largequantitiesoffoodhasbeensenttotheflood-strickenvictimsinthepastfewdays.27.Theteacher,aswellas6girlsand8boys,werevisitingamuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.28.NooneinthedepartmentbutTomandIknowthatthedirectorwillresign.29.Thecountrylifetheelderlycouplewasusedtohavechangedgreatlysince1992.30.Whatthescienceteacherdoesandsaysareofgreatimportancetocollegestudents.分类训练（四）主谓一致助力应用文写作书面表达句式升级：请运用准确动词时态语态和主谓一致翻译下列各句。1.(2024新高考I卷)我们的任务是画一些给我们印象最深的东西。___________________________________________________________________________________________2.(2023全国乙卷)学唱英文歌对我来说是难忘经历，这让我艺术性欣赏人生之美。___________________________________________________________________________________________3.(2022全国乙卷)结果是说到学英语，学生们喜欢用娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。___________________________________________________________________________________________4.(2022全国甲卷)保护海洋就是保护我们自己。___________________________________________________________________________________________5.(2022全国甲卷)海洋对于我们人类就像水对于鱼类一样重要。___________________________________________________________________________________________6.(2022全国甲卷)世界海洋日，排在6月8日，目的是提高我们海洋保护意识。___________________________________________________________________________________________7.(2022新高考I卷)首先，我们的节目每周工作日下午4：30开始，持续20分钟。这突出校园生活、最新国内国际新闻。___________________________________________________________________________________________8.(2022新高考I卷)我谨代表校广播站邀请你担任我们Talk-talk栏目访谈嘉宾。___________________________________________________________________________________________9.(2021全国乙卷)我在这里呼吁的是建立时间表，把线上学习和线下学习结合起来。___________________________________________________________________________________________10.(2021新高考I卷)自从我订阅你们报纸以来成为忠实的读者。___________________________________________________________________________________________分类训练（五）语法填空（外刊原创）（一）主谓一致语法填空用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，注意主谓一致。MynewdeskmateJames,whoseparents1(teach)EnglishinGuangzhoufortenyears,2(come)fromtheUnitedStates,which3(be)oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Heaswellashisparents4(enjoy)livinginGuangzhoubecauseneitherJamesnorhisparents5(finding)itdifficulttoadapttothelifeinChina.Intheiropinion,manyacustomhere6(be)easytounderstandandtenyears7(be)enoughforthemtogetusedtoallthecustoms.I,togetherwithJames,8(be)extremelyfondofEnglishbutphysics9(seem)ratherdifficultforus.Besides,bothheandI10(be)crazyaboutreadingstorybooks,andtheArabianNights11(be)oneo