2024年中考英语二轮语法专题复习动词不定式

2024年中考英语二轮语法专题复习动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词都是非谓语动词。动词在句中作谓语，以上提到的非谓语动词，虽然具有动词特征但不能在句中作谓语，可以作谓语以外的其他成分。一，动词不定式的构成不定式符号to加动词原形，即todo形式。否定式直接在to前加not，即nottodo形式。如果某人做某事多在to前加for/ofsb,即for/ofsbtodomath.如，Itisalittledifficultforthelittlegirltodoit.对这个小女孩来说做这事有点难。二，动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语多用it来代替。如，TolearnEnglishisveryimportant.(学会英语很重要。）该句通常改为ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglish.同学们常见错误，LearnEnglishisveryimportant.本句是中国式英语，在英语中，动词不能作主语，要想用动词作主语，可以用动词不定式，即以上两个句子，或者用动名词，也就是动词加ing.所以以上句子可以改为，LearningEnglishisveryimportant.动词不定式作主语常见句型有，1,Itis+形容词+（forsb)todosth.表示"做某事怎么样".如，Itisveryeasyforyoutofindthecinema.对你来说找到那个电影院很容易。2,Ittakessbsometimetodosth.做某事花费某人一段时间。如，Ittakesmetwentyminutestogettoschoolonfoot.步行到学校花费我二十分钟的时间。3,Itis+名词+todosomething.1),Itistimetodosth.该做某事了。/到了做某事的时候了。如，Itistimeforyoutogetup.你该起床了。2）,Itisone'sdreamtodosth.做某事是某人的梦想。如，ItisTom'sdreamtohaveabighouse.有一所大房子是汤姆的梦想。3)Itisone’sjobtodosth.做某事是某人的工作。Itisourjobtoprotecttheenvironment.三，动词不定式作宾语在英语中有些动词后面必须加动词不定式作宾语。常见动词有，want，wouldlike，expect.plan.decide.daretryhopewish，agree.learn.offer.fail.refuse.needhelppromise.可以口诀记忆如下：想要（want/wouldlike)期待（expect）做某事，制定计划（plan）做决定（decide）。敢于（dare）努力（try）有希望（hope、wish），同意（agree）学习（learn）要主动（offer）。不能做到（fail）做到要拒绝（refuse），需要（need）帮忙(help)要答应(promise).如，Idon'twanttobefat.我不想变胖。Iwouldliketoplaychesswithyou.我想要和你下象棋。Iwishtoeatmymom'sdeliciouszongzi.我希望吃到我妈妈做的美味的粽子。Wedecidedtowalktothecountryside.我们决定步行去乡下。动词不定式作宾语还有一些特殊结构。如，1.findit+形容词todosomething.发现做某事怎么样。如，Ifounditalittledifficulttogotosleep.我发现入睡有点难。本句中的it指代后面的东词不定式togotosleep.2)makeitadjtodosth.使做某事变得ItmakeiteasiertolearnEnglishwell.3)thinkitdajtodosth.认为做某事由此发现，it多用来指代动词不定式包括forsbtodo中的介词for,都是重要考点。如，That'swhy___isimportant___youtolearnasecondlanguage.A,this,forB,it,ofC,it，forD，that,for.正确答案，C.四，动词不定式作宾补宾补全称是宾语补足语，是句子中对宾语进行补充说明的那一部分。如，Mymotherwantsmetodrinkmilk.我母亲想要我喝牛奶。本句宾语是me,todrinkmilk是对宾语me作补充说明。也就是我宾语要喝牛奶。需要加动词不定式作宾语的常见动词有，asksb（not）todo,tellsb（not)todo,wantsb(not)todo,wouldlikesb(not）todo.特别注意其否定式，其他常见接动词不定式做宾补的动词还有，wish.advise.teach.encourage.allow.warn等。如，Myparentsoftentellmenottoplayinthestreet.我父母常告诉我不要在街上玩。注意，helpsb(to)do.help后面的动词可以用动词原形也可以加to。如，Ioftenhelpmom(to)cook.我经常帮助妈妈做饭。注意，以下动词需要加动词原形做宾补，1）使役动词make/let/havesbdo如，Thebossmakeshisworkersworkovertenhoursaday.2)感官动词，feel/see/watch/notice/find/hearsbdosth.IoftenhearLucysingsongsinherroom.注意，含有以上动词的句子变成被动语态，原来的动词原形要加to.即，主动省to.被动加to.如，Theworkersaremadetoworkovertenhoursaday.Lucyisoftenheardtosingsongsinherroom.五，动词不定式作表语Mydreamistobeasinger.我的梦想是当一名歌唱家。Tom'sjobistosellputers.汤姆的工作是卖电脑。六，动词不定式作目的壮语一般前后两个动作，第二个动作是第一个动作的目的。如，Wemadeafiretokeepuswarmandcookfoodon.我们点火取暖做饭。tokeepuswarmandcookfoodon.是madeafire的目的。点火的目的是取暖做饭。再如，Tomstayeduplatetowatchsoccergame.Iwenttothecountrysidetovisitmygrandmother.七，动词不定式作定语。动词不定式作定语用来修饰名词或代词，放在名词代词之后，为后置定语。常见的结构：away/choice/todo;the序数词+n+todo。八，疑问词加动词不定式。what/who/when/where/how加todo如，Canyoutellmehowtogettothemuseum?你能告诉我如何到达博物馆吗?Idon'tknowwhattodonext.我不知道下一步要干什么?即时训练一、单项选择1.Whynot________yourteacherforhelpwhenyoucan’tfinish________itbyyourself?A.ask,writeB.toask,writingC.ask,writingD.asking,write2.—Hi,Tom!CanyoutellmewhenforLondon?—Yes,tomorrowafternoon.A.leavingB.leaves C.toleaveD.areyouleaving3.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearetryingtodosomething______theold.A.servedB.toserveC.serveD.serves4.Thefruitsaladtastesdelicious.Couldyoutellme______?A.wheretodoit B.whentodoitC.whattodo D.howtodoit5.Peterisbusy____atschool,butheneverforgets______exerciseeveryday.A.working,doingB.working,todoC.atwork,doing6.Whydidyoubuyaradio?______English.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Belearning7.DoyouknowNeilArmstrong?Yes,Heisthefirstman______onthemoon.A.walkB.walksC.towalkD.walked8.—Haveyoumadeupyourmind__thesickkids?—Bysingingsongs.A.whattotell B.howtocheerupC.whentohelp D.wheretolookafter9.Thedoctordidwhathecould_________thedyingman.A.saveB.tosaveC.savedD.saving10.–Mum,canIhavesomething________?–Oh,dear.Youcanonlydrinksomewater.Thereis________inthekitchen.A.todrink;nothingelseB.drinking;somethingelseC.toeat;somethingelseD.eating;nothingelse11.Wemustdoeverythingwecan_________wastewaterfromrunningintorivers.A.keep

B.kept

C.tokeep

D.keeping12.Myroommateoftenasksme______hertoplaychess.A.teachB.teachingC.toteachD.taught13.He’llusewhathehas______heranewdress.A.boughtB.tobuyC.buyingD.beenbought14.TheteacheraskedBen______adifficultquestioninclass.A.answerB.answering

C.toanswer

D.answered15.Thewomanmadehisson______finallyaftershetoldhimsomejokes.A.laughed B.tolaugh C.laugh D.laughing16.Howabout_______intheriverwithus?SorryIcan’t．Myparentsoftentellme_________that．

A.swim,don’tdo

B.swim,todo

C.swimming,notdo

D.swimming,nottodo17.—___________moreabouttomorrow’sweather,call121.—OK,Iwill.Thankyou.A.Know B.KnowingC.ToknowD.Known18.Don’tforget______myparentswhenyouareinBeijing.OK!Iwon’t.A.toseeB.seesC.seeing19..Theteachertoldthestudents_______anyfoodintotheputerroom.A.nottobring B.notbringC.don’tbringD.bringnot20.Wehavetworooms______,butIcan’tdecide______.A.tolive,tochoosewhichone B.lived,choosewhichoneC.tolivein,whichonetochoose D.live,whichone二、用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.WhenwepracticespeakingEnglish，weoftenendup_______（speak）inChinese．2.Ifthequestion______（answer）incorrectly,anotherquestionwillbegiventoyou.3.—YourEnglishisprettygood!Howabout______（give）someadvicetome?—Withpleasure.4.Theboyislookingforwardto