考研 英语教学法考试

1.Inthepastcentury,languageteachingandlearningpracticehasbeeninfluencedbythree

differentviewsonlanguage.Whatarethey?Whatistheirmainideaoflanguage?

1)Structuralview:Languageisalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:phonology,morphology,

lexicologyandsyntacx.Tolearnalanguageistolearnitsvocabularyandstructuralrules.

2)Functionalview:Languageisalinguisticsystemaswellasameansfordoingthings.Learnerslearnalanguage

inordertobeabletodothingswithit(useit).Toperformfunctions,learnersneedtoknowhowtocombinethe

grammaticalrulesandthevocabularytoexpressnotionsthatperformthefunctions

3)Interactionalview:Languageisacommunicativetooltobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.

Learnersneedtoknowtherulesofalanguageandwhere,whenandhowitisappropriatetousethem.

2.Whatarethequalitiesofagoodlanguageteacher?

ethicdevotion,professionalqualityandpersonalstyles.

Howcanonebecomeagoodlanguageteacher?

Wallace7sReflectivemodel

Stage1:languagedevelopmentStage2:learning,practice,reflectiongoakdevelopmentofprofessional

1).learnfromothers'experience

2).learnreceivedknowledge

3).learnfromone'sownexperience

pseudopracticeandTherealclassroomteaching

3.Whatiscommunicativecompetence?

Communicativecompetenceincludeboththeknowledgeaboutthelanguageandtheknowledgeabouthowto

usethelanguageappropriatelyincommunicativesituations.Fivecomponentsofcommunicative

competence:Linguisticcompetence,Pragmaticcompetence,Discoursecompetence,Strategiccompetence,

Fluency

4.WhatisCLT?CommentonCLT.

CommunicativeLanguageTeachingisanapproachtoteachingofforeignlanguagethatemphasizeinteractionas

boththemeansandultimategoaloflearningalanguage.Itisalsoreferredtoas"communicativeapproachtothe

teachingofforeign"orsimplythe"communicativeapproach".

5.WhatisTBLT?CommentonTBLT.

Task-basedLanguageleaching,TBLTisafurtherdevelopmentofCLT.Itsharesthesamebeliefintheuseof

languageinreallife,butstressestheimportancetocombineform-focusedteachingwithcommunication-focused

teachingo

Taskismeantthehundredandonethingspeopledoineverydaylife,atwork.atplayandinbetween.4components

purposescontext,aprocess©product.

6.WhatarethelimitationsofCLT&TBLTundertheChineseforeignlanguagesetting?

ProblemswithCLT:

1.Theveryfirstandforcefulargumentiswhetheritisculturallyappropriate

2.ThesecondproblemofCLTrelatetothedesignthesyllabusforteachingpurposeintheclassroom.

3.Thethirdproblemisthatwhethersuchanapproachissuitableforallageleveloflearnersorallcompetence

leveloflearners.

ConstraintsofTBLT

Thefirstisitmaynotbeeffectiveforpresentingnewlanguageitems

ThesecondconstraintisTimeasteachershavetopreparetask-basedactivitiesverycarefully.

Thethirdisthecultureoflearning

TheforthisLevelofdifficulty

7.DesignateachingplanbyadoptingCLT.

8.DesignateachingPlanbyadoptingTBLT.

9.ThemaincomponentsoftheEnglishteachingobjectivesintheNationalEnglishCurriculum.

Theoveralllanguageabilityrequiredinthe2001NationalEnglishCurriculumincludesthefollowingaspects

languageknowledge,languageskills,learningstrategies,affectsandculturalunderstanding.

10.Whatisalessenplan?Whyisitimportant?

Alessonplanisaframeworkofalessoninwhichteachersmakeadvancedecisionsaboutwhattheyhopeto

achieveandhowtheywouldliketoachieveit

Properlessonplanisessentialforbothnoviceandexperiencedteachers.Languageteachersbenefitfromlesson

planninginanumberofways.

1.Makesteachersawareoftheaimsandlanguagecontentsofthelesson,soastoplantheactivitiesandchoose

thetechniquesaccordingly;

2.Helpsteachersdistinguishthevariousstagesofalessonandseetherelationshipbetweenthemsothatthe

activitiesofdifferentdifficultylevelscanbearrangedproperlyandthelessoncanmovesmoothlyfromonestage

toanother;

3.Givesteacherstheopportunitytoanticipatepotentialproblemssothattheycanbeprepared;

4.4.Givesteachers,esp.noviceones,confidenceinclass;

5.Raisesteachers'awarenessoftheteachingaidsneeded;

11.Whatisbottom-upmodelandtop-downmodel?Howtoapplythemtolanguagelearning?

Bottom-upmodelReadingfollowsalinearprocessfromtherecognitionofletterstowords,tophrases,to

sentences,toparagraphs；andthentothemeaningofthewholetext.2.Top-downmodelOne'sbackground

knowledgeplaysamoreimportantrolethannewwordsandstructuresinreadingcomprehension.Readingis'a

psycholinguisticguessinggame'

12.Listtheprinciplesforteachingspeaking.

l)Balancingaccuracy-basedwithfluency-basedpractices2)Contextualizingpractice3)Personalizingpractice

4)Buildingupconfidence3)Maximizingmeaningfulinteractions5)Helpingssdevelopspeakingstrategies

6)Makingthebestuseofclassroomlearningenvironmenttoprovidesufficientlanguageinputandpracticefor

students(159)

13.Listtheprinciplesandmodelsforteachingreading.

Principlesforteachingreading(184)1.Theselectedtextsandattachedtasksshouldbeaccessibletothess.2.

Tasksshouldbeclearlygiveninadvance.3.Tasksshouldbedesignedtoencourageselectiveandintelligent

readingforthemainmeaningratherthanss'understandingoftrivialdetails.4.Tasksshouldhelpdevelopss'

readingskillsratherthantesttheirreadingcomprehension.5.Theteachershouldhelpssdevelopreading

strategiesandreadingabilityingeneral.6.Theteachershouldprovideenoughguidanceandassistanceatthe

beginningbutgraduallywithdrawguidanceasssprogress.

Modelsforteachingreading1.Bottom-upmodel2.Top-downmodel3.Interactivemodel

Whatisthecommunicativeapproachtowriting?Whatistheprocessapproachtowriting?Tryto

commentonthem.

Ssaremotivatedbyauthenticwritingtasksthathavesomecommunicativeelements.Withdifferentaudiences

anddifferentpurposes,thewritingpiececouldvarygreatly.Writingactivitiescanbe“writingforlearning”,

“writingforcommunication'7andsomewherebetween.

The'processapproach7(过程研究法isdefinedas'anapproachtotheteachingofwritingwhichstressesthe

creativityoftheindividualwriter,andwhichpaysattentiontothedevelopmentofgoodwritingpracticesrather

thantheimitationofmodels'.

16.Whatisthesimpleintegrationandwhatisthecomplexintegration?

Simpleintegration:integrationwithinthesamemedium(eitheroralorwritten),fromreceptivetoproductiveskills

Complexintegration:constructingaseriesofactivitiesthatuseavarietyofskills

Whyintegratethefourskills?

Whenwecommunicate,weoftenusemorethanasinglelanguageskill.Whatskillsd