人民调解论文浅析人民调解在乡村中的生存现状及发展之路

人民调解论文：浅析人民调解在乡村中的生存现状及发展之路【中文摘要】人民调解作为我国民间依靠民众自身力量解决矛盾纠纷的一种活动,是一项具有中国特色的法律制度,享有“东方经验”的美称。人民调解曾经在化解纠纷、协助政府化解社会矛盾、增进民众团结、维持社会稳定方面起到了巨大的作用。但近年来,在各种因素的影响下,人民调解制度逐渐显现出与现代社会的不适应性,并且随着人民调解工作在多元纠纷解决机制中解决纠纷比例的下降,功能逐步弱化,并有没落的迹象。然而随着诉讼的爆炸性增加,司法资源的不足,两者的矛盾日显尖锐以及社会对诉讼结果的执行难日益诟病,使国人以及决策者再次将目光转向人民调解工作。笔者以工作所在市为调查地,通过对该地人民调解工作的开展情况,展示了当前该市乡村人民调解工作存在的基础、运行现状,遇到的问题以及重构昔日辉煌的可能。本文主要有四部分组成。第一部分,主要是简要介绍调查地的概况,通过调查地六组数据,说明该地人民调解组织的构建网络、人员构成、运行方式、运行情况以及进行的部分探索、完善工作。通过不同组数据的比较说明,此前的很长一段时间人民调解在当地化解矛盾纠纷机制中所占份额呈逐年下降趋势,表明当地的人民调解的处境,不容乐观。第二部分,人民调解存在的特有优势,本文通过分析人民调解自身的四方面优势,即程序简便快捷,形式灵活多样;成本低廉,运作高效;体现自愿,标本兼治;预防纠纷,宣传法律。总结人民调解制度作为民间解决民事纠纷普遍采用的方式,其自身存在的这些优势是当事人乐于选择调解,这些优势也是人民调解制度得意长期在民间存在或者当政者关注以及将来或者长足发展的基础。第三部分人民调解发展的制约因素。R市当前人民调解的发展遇到瓶颈,其因素是多方面的,但主要存在在以下六方面:调解队伍不稳定,年龄构成偏高;调解队伍整体素质偏低,制约能力发展;经费保障不足,调解员积极性受挫;宣传力度不足,人民调解功能弱化;认识存在偏差,业务培训和指导力度不足;人民调解与司法调解、行政调解缺乏有效沟通,衔接不畅。第四部分,人民调解制度的重构途径。针对人民调解制度运作过程中碰到的问题和存在的不足,根据当前社会矛盾形势变化,人民调解制度要获得长足的发展,以凸显其“高效率”、“低成本”、“少内耗”的优势,在以下五方面应当进行完善:加强人民调解队伍建设,提高素质;重新定位各级调委会的职能,探索专职调解队伍建设;加大宣传力度,重塑人民调解制度应有的地位;增加人民调解的经费保障,提高调解员的待遇;实现人民调解、行政调解和司法调解的有机结合,联合互动。【英文摘要】Asanactivitythatcountsonpeople’sownstrength,people’smediationisasystemwithChinesecharacteristics,whichhasareputation—“orientalexperience”.People’smediationhaseverplayedaimportantroleonresolvingdisputes,assistinggovernmenttoresolvethesocialconflicts,promotingpeopleuniteupandmaintainingsocialstability.Butinrecentyears,undertheinfluenceofvariousfactors,theissuethatpeople’smediationsystemisgraduallynotadaptivetothemodernsocietyobviouslyemerges,andastheproportionofpeople’smediationworkdeclinesinthemultipledisputesettlementmechanism,itsfunctiongraduallyweakens,evencompletelydeclines.However,withtheexplosiveincreaseinlitigationandthelackofjudicialresources,thecontradictionofthetwobecomesmoreandmoreacutedaybyday,andtheproblemofdifficultyofoutcomeimplementationoflitigationsisincreasinglycriticized,andthefactorsabovemakepeopleandpolicymakersturntopeople’smediationagain.Theauthorinvestigatesthecityinwhichsheworks,accordingtothelocalsituationofpeople’smediation,thenshowsthefoundationandoperatingstatusofpeople’smediationincountryside,theproblemsencountered,andthepossibilityofreconstructingpastglory.Thepaperconsistsfourparts.Thefirstpartmainlyintroducetheoverviewoftheplaceinvestigatedbriefly,throughthesixgroupsofthedataoftheplaceinvestigated,thenshowsthenetworkconstruction,staffcomposition,operationmodeandoperationsituationoftheorganizationofpeople’smediation,andpartialworktoexploreandperfectthepeople’smediation.Bythecomparisonofdifferentsetsofdata,itshowsthatalongperiodoftimebeforetheshareofpeople’smediationinthedisputesettlementmechanismhasadecliningtrendintheplaceinvestigated,anditindicatesthatthesituationoflocalpeople’smediationisnotoptimistic.Thesecondpartintroducestheuniquesuperioritiesofthepeople’smediation.Thispartanalyzesthesuperioritiesofthepeople’smediationinfouraspects,thatarethesimpleandquickprocess,flexibleanddiverseforms;Lowcost,efficientoperation;Reflectingvoluntaries,solvingproblemscompletely;Preventingdisputesandpromotinglaws.Concludethesuperioritiesofpeople’smediationsystemthatisgeneralwaytoresolvethedisputesamongpeople,andthesesuperioritiesarethereasonswhypeopleprefertochoosepeople’smediationandthebasisoftheexistenceofpeople’smediationandgovernment’sfocusonpeople’smediation.Thethirdpartdiscussesthefactorswhichconstrainsthedevelopmentofthepeople’smediation.InRcity,currentlythedevelopmentofpeople’smediationencountersdifficulties,andtheconstraintfactorshavemanyfacets.Buttheymainlyexistinsixaspectsasfollowing:Theinstabilityofthemediationteamandthehighcompositionofstaff’sage;Lowoverallqualityofmediationteamwhichconstrainsthedevelopmentofcapability;Thelackoffundingwhichfrustratesmediators’enthusiasm;Thelackofpropagandaeffortsandtheweaknessofthefunctionofpeople’smediation;Thebiasinunderstandingandthelackofworktrainingandguidance;Thelackoftheeffectivecommunicationamongpeople’smediationandjudicialmediation,administrativemediationwhichleadstopoorconvergence.Thefourthpartisaboutapproachestoreconstructpeople’smediation.Ontheproblemsanddisadvantagesencounteredinoperationofpeople’smediationsystem,accordingtochangesofthesituationofthecurrentsocialconflicts,inordertoobtainthelong-termdevelopmentandobviouslyshowthesuperiorities--“Highefficiency”,“Lowcost”,“Lessfriction”,thepeople’smediationsystemshouldbeperfectedinfiveaspectsasfollowing:Tostrengthentheconstructionofthepeople’smediationteamtoimprovethequality;Torelocatethefunctionsofmediationcommissionsatalllevelstoexploretheconstructionoffull-timemediationteam;Toenhancepropagandaeffortstorebuildrightfulplaceofthepeople’smediationsystem;Toincreasefundingprotectionofpeople’smediation,andtoimprovethetreatmentofthemediator;Toachievethecombinationandthejointinteractionofpeople’smediation,administrativemediationandjudicialmediation【关键词】人民调解纠纷解决调解员发展【备注】索购全文在线加好友：1.39938848同时提供论文写作和论文发表优质满意服务本文为学术文献总库合作提供，无涉版权。作者如有异议请与总库或学校联系。【英文关键词】People’smediationDisputeresolutionMediatorDevelopment【目录】浅析人民调解