2024-2025学年新教材高中英语课时素养检测十八Unit4NaturalDisastersPeriod2含解析新人教版必修第一册

PAGE7-课时素养检测十八Unit4Period2Ⅰ.阅读理解AForthepastweek,hundredsoffirefightershavebeenbattlingawildfirethatstartedonMarch26inthemountainssouthwestofDenver,Colorado.Thefirequicklyburnedthrough4,140acresofland—anareathesizeofmorethan3,000footballfields.Itkilledthreepeople,destroyedatleast25houses,andforcedhundredsofpeopletoevacuateInvestigationshavefoundthatthefirewaslikelycausedbyacontrolledburnstartedoneweekearlierbytheColoradoStateForestService(CSFS).Acontrolledburnisafireignited(点燃)byprofessionalstoclearthegroundofbuilt-upfuel—suchasdeadwood,thicklayersofpineneedles,andovercrowdedtrees—thatcancausedangerouswildfires.HundredsofcontrolledburnshavebeensafelymanagedinColoradoforestsoverthepastfewmonths.Fireprofessionalstakemanymeasurestomakesurethatburnscanbecontrolled.Beforestartingaburn,theprofessionalslookcarefullyatweatherforecasts,howclosethefirewillbetohousesandroads,andotherfactors.Theyplanhowtheywilligniteandcontainthefireandarrangeforresourcessuchasfiretrucksandfirefighterstobepresent.CSFSofficialssayfirecrewsfollowedallsafetyproceduresbeforestartingthecontrolledburnnearDenveronMarch19.Thefiredieddownfourdayslater.ButonMarch26,highwindsblewembers(余烬)ontounburnedland,startingthedeadlyflame.Unusuallywarmtemperaturesanddryconditionshelpeditspread.Firecrewsnowhavetheflamealmostfullycontained,andmostfamilieshavebeenallowedtoreturntotheirhomes.ColoradoGovernorJohnHickenlooperhasissuedatemporarybanoncontrolledburnsonstatelandandhascalledforacompletereviewoftherulesforthesetypesoffires.【语篇概述】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了发生在科罗拉多州丹佛市西南山区的一次大火引发的自然灾难,并分析了起火的缘由及灭火状况。1.Inthefirstparagraph,theunderlinedword“evacuate”canbereplacedby“______”.

A.buildB.protectC.leaveD.watch【解析】选C。词义揣测题。依据第一段的内容可知美国的科罗拉多州丹佛市西南部的山区发生火灾,大火导致3人死亡,至少25处房屋被毁,几百人被迫离开他们的家园。故evacuate意为“疏散;离开”。2.Accordingtothepassage,CSFSofficialsmayagreethat______.

A.theweatherfactorwasblamedforthefireB.firecrews’carelessnessledtothefireC.burningwoodintheforestwillbebannedD.firefightersshouldbepresentwhentheburnwasstarted【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据倒数其次段最终两句可知山火的缘由很可能是大风、高温柔干燥。故科罗拉多州林务局的官员认为这次火灾要归咎于天气。3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Hundredsofpeoplewereinjuredinthewildfire.B.Thewildfirewasanunexpectedevent.C.Nomeasuresweretakentocontroltheburn.D.Thewildfirehasbeencompletelyputout.【解析】选D。推理推断题。依据最终一段第一句的内容可知此次山火得到了完全遏制,市民可以返回家园了。4.Wherecanthearticleprobablyappear?A.InaTVguide. B.Inanewspaper.C.Inasciencebook. D.Inatourbooklet.【解析】选B。推理推断题。文章主要介绍了发生在科罗拉多州丹佛市西南山区的一次大火引发的自然灾难并分析了起火的缘由及灭火状况。故文章可能是新闻报道。BScientiststhinkthataweatherpatterncalledElNino(厄尔尼诺现象)causedthedroughtinAustralia.ElNinocausesdifferentweatherindifferentpartsoftheworld.Itcausesalotofrainandfloodsinsomeplaces.Itcausesdroughtsinotherplaces.Droughtscanbadlyaffectpeopleandtheland.ElNinolastsaboutayear.Innormalweatherconditions,warmwindsfromSouthAmericablowfromeasttowestacrossthePacificOcean.ThewindsearlytakestormstoAustralia.ThesestormsbringraintoAustralia.DuringanElNinoweatherpattern,thewindschangedirection.TheyblowfromwesttoeastacrossthePacificOcean.ThestormsnolongermoveacrossAustralia.SoAustraliagetsverylittlerainduringElNino.ThedroughtbeganinJanuary,1982.ElNinooftenoccursatthistimeofyear.Butthatyear,ElNinowasstrongerthanusual.TherewasverylittlerainfallineasternAustralia.Therewasalsoverylittlewaterintherivers.ThedroughtwasatitsworstinFebruary,1983.Atthattime,theweatherwasveryhot.Theforestsandfieldswereverydry.Cottongrowerscouldn’tplanttheircotton.Sheepfarmershadnograssfortheiranimalstoeat.Somanyofthemdied.Becausetheforestsweredry,forestfiresstartedquickly.Someofthefiresburnedforamonth.Manyforestsweredestroyed.Over2,000peoplelosttheirhousesinthefiresand75peopledied.TheAustraliandroughtof1982～1983affectedthousandsofpeopleandanimals.Thedroughtcostthecountryover$3,000,000,000.Itwasareminder(提示)toAustraliansofhowtheweathercouldchangetheirlives.【语篇概述】本文是一篇报道。文章讲的是发生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亚的干旱自然灾难。5.FromthepassageweknowElNinois______.

A.aweathertype B.apowerfulstormC.aplaceinAustralia D.akindofwarmwind【解析】选A。细微环节理解题。依据第一段第一句可知ElNino是一种天气现象。6.WhichdirectiondoesthewindcomefrominAustralia’sElNinoweatherpattern?A.Fromeast. B.Fromwest.C.Fromsouth. D.Fromnorth.【解析】选B。细微环节理解题。依据第三段第一、二句可知在澳大利亚的厄尔尼诺天气下,风是从西向东吹的。7.HowlongdidthedroughtinAustralialast?A.About3months. B.Lessthanhalfayear.C.Morethanoneyear. D.Morethantwoyears.【解析】选C。细微环节理解题。依据第四段中的第一句“ThedroughtbeganinJanuary,1982.”和第六句“ThedroughtwasatitsworstinFebruary,1983.”可知这次干旱至少持续了一年零一个月。再结合第一段最终一句可知厄尔尼诺现象一般会持续一年左右。8.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.AdroughthappenedinSouthAmerica.B.AustraliagotmuchrainduringElNino.C.ElNinochangedtheAustralian’slife.D.ElNinocausedagreatdroughtinAustralia.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据文章第一句和最终两段的内容可知本文主要讲的是发生在1982年1月到1983年2月份的澳大利亚的干旱。Ⅱ.完形填空Itwasacold,wetdayonJune6,when14-year-oldWasanaarrivedatschool.Waitingoutsidehisclassroomforhisclassmatestoarrive,Wasanastaredaimlessly1thepouringrain.Thenhis2felluponthehillthatstandatthebackoftheclassroom.

He3hugeamountsofrainwaterflowingdownthehill,andwaterwasalsobubbling(冒泡)atthebaseofalargerockonthehill.Forafew4,Wasanalookedatthewater,wonderingwhyitlooked5familiar.

Thenit6him—thescenewassurprisingly7tothepictureshewasshownduringDisasterManagementclasses.8adisasterwasabouttohappen,Wasanawaved9atstudents,shouting“Run,run,don’tstayhere!Therocksonthehillaregoingto10Allthestudentsandteachersrantotheopenareathathadbeen11asanemergencygatheringpoint.12,theyheardscreamsasthehugerockrolleddownthehill,bringingsand,rockandmud.Therewas13theycoulddobutwatchtheearthburyanentireschool.

ThankstoWasana’squickactionandcarefulobservation,14washurtintheincident.Wasanalater15【语篇概述】Wasana看到山上的雨水聚集的惊奇景象,从而联想到在灾难管理课程上学到的学问,预知一场山体滑坡即将发生,并刚好向同学和老师发出警告,让大家撤离到平安地带。1.A.at B.on C.toD.in【解析】选A。stareat盯着……看。2.A.thoughts B.eyes C.words D.voices【解析】选B。one’seyesfellon/uponsomething目光落在……之上。句意:然后,他的目光落在了教室后面的那座山上。3.A.thought B.looked C.noticed D.heard【解析】选C。依据句意“他留意到有大量的雨水从山上流下来,而且山上的一块大石头的底部也不断地有雨水咕嘟地冒出来。”可知选C,notice留意到。4.A.times B.minutes C.hours D.periods【解析】选B。此处表示,有几分钟,Wasana盯着(山上的)那些水,新奇(这个场景)为何看起来如此熟识。5.A.so B.such C.too D.like【解析】选A。依据句意得知,Wasana新奇(这个场景)为何看起来如此(so)熟识,强调以前似乎看过。6.A.hit B.drove C.pushed D.stopped【解析】选A。ithitsb.某人突然想起某事,固定用法。然后他突然想起——这个场景与他在DisasterManagement课程上所看到的图片是很相像的。7.A.strange B.rare C.terrible D.similar【解析】选D。依据上下文可知,这个场景与他在灾难管理课程上所看到的图片是很相像的。8.A.Rejecting B.Fearing C.Scaring D.Avoiding【解析】选B。看到这个场景之后,Wasana应当是胆怯 (山体滑坡)灾难可能会发生,所以他疯狂地挥动着手臂,警告其他人,快跑!快跑!不要待在这里!山上的石头就要滚落下来,会砸到我们的!故选Fearing,作伴随状语。9.A.angrily B.sadly C.excitedly D.wildly【解析】选D。一触即发之际,Wasana当然是疯狂地(wildly)挥动着手臂。10.A.beat B.move C.fall D.dive【解析】选C。这句话的主语是“Therocksonthehill”,所以表达的是山上的石头很可能会滚落下来。11.A.putaway B.setasideC.broughtforth D.takenapart【解析】选B。依据句意“全部的学生和老师(马上)跑到外面的一个空旷地区,这个地方是早就“留出”作应急之用的聚集场所。”可知,用setaside“(为以后的某种用途)留出”。putaway收起,将……放回原处;bringforth生,引起;takeapart拆卸,拆开。12.A.Just